1、第4讲特殊句式全国卷考情分析题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.2(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is，make(make) sure its a relief fro
2、m daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目。考点一倒装句(高考不作要求，只作了解)单句语法填空1(2019四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill_(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.lies当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderf
3、ul view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage_(lie) at the top of the hill.。句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。2(2019崇州模拟)Hardly_she gone out when a student came to visit her.had此题考查hardly.when句式，该句式主句应用过去完成时。1完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out
4、，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。2部分倒装(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no
5、 case等)置于句首时。(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。(3)so/neither 助动词/be动词/情态动词主语 意为“也是如此/也不”。(4)在not only.but (also).句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。(5)not until.置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。(6)so.that.和such.that.句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated
6、 activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。考点二强调句(高考不作要求，只作了解)单句语法填空1(2019湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago_I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are frie
7、nds，always pushing us to move on.that分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，故填that。2(2019湖北荆门调研)It wasnt until in high school_I began to trust other people again.that句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”，且强调时间状语，故填that。3(2019江西樟树中学等六校联考)In that way，World Read Aloud Day_(do) help make a differenc
8、e.does句意：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为World Read Aloud Day，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help，根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。因主语为第三人称单数，故填does。1陈述句式：It is/was.that/who.(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was it.that/who.?特殊疑问句：疑问词is/was it that.?It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came acros
9、s my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？2“not.until.”的强调句：It is/was not until.that.(注意时态)(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also
10、its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。易错提醒强调谓语动词，用do/does/did动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。考点三其他常考特殊句式单句语法填空1(2019山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others dont. There_(be) several reasons.are句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持
11、一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故填are。2(2019山西重点中学协作体一模)When_(take) exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.taking句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好成绩来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make
12、 our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故填taking。3(2019河北衡水中学第三次调研)Once upon a time,_was a boy whose parents named him Odd.there句意：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有。一、省略1状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词形容
13、词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时就膨胀，冷却时就收缩。2不定式的省略(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的
14、。(2)but用作介词，意为“除之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。3特殊的省略结构：if省略结构if so如果这样的话if not如果不是这样的话if ever如果曾经有的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果可能的话if any如果有的话二、感叹句1what引导的感叹
15、句(1)Whata/an(adj.)单数可数名词主语谓语！ (2)What(adj.)不可数名词/复数名词主语谓语！2how引导的感叹句(1)Howadj./adv.主语谓语！(2)Howadj.a/an单数名词主语谓语！(3)How主语谓语！What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问
16、题。三、祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。Do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。祈使句and/or简单句名词词组(多含有more，another)and简单句Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the result.明天给我打电话，我会让你知道结果的。Start out right a
17、way，or well miss the first train.立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。四、there be句型(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很大的变化。Once upon a time there lived
18、an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。(2)there be句型的常考句型：There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth
19、./that.(做)某事(没)有可能性【技法点拨】在做语法填空题时：1注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式；2根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的词。单句语法填空1_seem to be a few trees between me and the green.There句意：在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。考查there be句型，故填There。2(2019九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and_was my friend Mike.so根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，
20、故用so，构成“so谓语动词主语”这种倒装结构，表示“也”。3(2019湖北荆州中学质检)Only then_we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.did句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。4(2019江苏苏锡常镇四市调研)One has reason to believe that Chinas anticorruption over the past few years，
21、tough_it is，has achieved inspiring progress.as/though句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了部分倒装。5(2019连云港灌南华侨双语学校月考)Now, just in front of the house_(stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.stands句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时
22、间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为第三人称单数，故填stands。6(2019湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor_(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.was句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。7(2019湖南长郡中学模拟)The traditional Chinese marriage usually_(involve)
23、some necessary procedures，such as match making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows.involves考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。8(2019南昌NCS 20190607项目一模)While most water towns are in the south, Shandongs Taierzhuang stands out in th
24、e north. The town_(be) on the bank of the BeijingHangzhou Grand Canal. is考查时态和主谓一致。该句主语为“The town”，为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是当前的情况，故用一般现在时。句意：这个小城位于京杭大运河的岸边。语法填空(2019历城二中高三三模)Generally speaking，joy 1._(express) by laughter.But as it turns out，it reveals a lot more than the fact 2._you are happy.It enables
25、listeners，even those who cannot observe you，3._(realize) if you are having a good time with a close friend or laughing 4._(polite) with a complete stranger.At least，this is the conclusion 5._(reach) by a team of scientists led by Greg Bryant，6._assistant professor of Communication Studies at the Uni
26、versity of California.The researchers began by 7._(request) volunteers from across the world to send them audio clips(片段) of people laughing.The 48 tapes they received 8._(range) from recent recordings of laughter between two college friends 9._ones from conversations made ten years ago.The clips al
27、so had all possible 10._ (combine)communications between friends，strangers，allmale groups，allfemale groups，etc.Bryant says that the results of this crosscultural examination show that people all over the world know laughter in similar ways.【语篇解读】本文主要对快乐进行了研究。1is expressed考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的“Generally
28、speaking”可知，此处叙述一般情况，应用一般现在时；根据该句中的介词“by”可知，句子的主语joy和express构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。2that考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，对fact的内容进行解释说明。3to realize考查非谓语动词。enable sb.to do sth.意为“让某人能够做某事”，为固定用法，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to realize。4politely考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词politely修饰动词laughing。5reached考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知
29、，reach和句子主语the conclusion之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且和句子谓语is之间没有连词，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。6an考查冠词。professor是可数名词，作单数名词Greg Bryant的同位语，且assistant的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。7requesting考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词。requesting作介词by的宾语。8ranged考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“they received”和“made”可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。9to考查介词。range from.to.意为“包括(从到)之间的各类事物”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用介词to。10combinations考查词形转换。与该句中的形容词“possible”呼应可知，此处用名词形式，且与“all”呼应，故用名词的复数形式，即combinations。10/10
