1、ListeningUnit 1 WorkbookRobert Briggs is very interested in biology and especially in the study of plants.Today he is telling his friend Zhang Wei some exciting news.Read the questions before you listen to the tape.This will help you to understand the information.1 Before you listen to the tape disc
2、uss with your partner how you would find out the name of a flower.New words in the listening passage:species(种类)，parrot(鹦鹉)，blackbird(画眉类)黑鸟A.This is about a man who wants to name a flower.B.This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to own it.C.This is about a man who finds a flower and wants
3、 to know if it is a new species of flower.Listen to the tape once and tell what this listening passage is about.To find the name of an unknown flower,first you should ask your _ teacher to help you.He/She will look ina special _written by Carl Linnaeus.biologybookListen to the tape again and try to
4、complete the following passage.He lived in _ from _ to _.He was very important because he solved a _ problem for biology.Sweden17071778seriousListen to the tape again and answerthese questions.1 If Robert Briggs find the flower in the book,what does that mean?2 How would he know if his lily is a new
5、 species?3 Why do plants all have two names?4 What was the serious problem for biology that Linnaeus solved?1 If Robert Briggs finds the flower in the book,what does that mean?It means that his flower has already been identified and has a name.2 How would he knows if his lily is a new species?He wou
6、ld know by checking his lily against other lilies in the specialist book.If his lily is different it will be a new species.3 Why do plants all have two names?All plants have two names just like people.The first is the group of flowers they belong to and is like the family name.The second is the kind
7、 of flower within that group and is like a given/personal name.4 What was the serious problem for biology that Linnaeus solved?Before Linnaeus there was no way of finding out whether a plant was new or not.This causes problems becausedifferent scientists claimed that they had found and named flowers
8、 first.After he organized his system it was easy to discover whether a plant was new or not and so who had the right to name it.NAMING A FLOWERRobert Briggs(RB)is talking to Zhang Wei(ZW)about a new kind of lily he has found.Listening textZW:Hello Robert.Whats that book youre carrying?RB:A book that
9、 helps you identify a flower.ZW:I see.Why do you want that?RB:Ive found this lily.It looks different to me.So I want to find out if its new or not.Our biology teacher told me that if its already known,Id find it in this book.ZW:Wow!So you think you may have found a new lily?RB:I hope so,but I have t
10、o do some research first to find out for sure.ZW:What happens if its in the book?RB:It means that somebody else has found it and named it.Then Ill know its biological name.ZW:What do you mean by the biological name?RB:Actually like us a flower has two names.The first is the group of flowers it belon
11、gs to like a family name.A rose is one such group.The second is the kind of flower like a given name.It may describe what the rose looks like;for example,the colour of an autumn sunset.Together you get the flowers name,which Rose Autumn Sunset.ZW:Gosh!Who made that system?RB:A great scientist called
12、 Carl Linnaeus.He lived in Sweden from 1707 to 1778.ZW:So long ago!RB:Yes,and he solved a very serious problem for biology.ZW:What was that?RB:Before him nobody could tell if a plant was new,as there was no way of checking.Therere so many plants,you see!ZW:Yes,I appreciate that!So his system is stil
13、l used?RB:Indeed it is.If my flower isnt in this book,Ill know that Ive found a new kind of lily.ZW:Thats great!Can I come and help you?This research sounds fun.RB:Yes,and if Im lucky (fading out)1 This is a report on living conditions in England in the nineteenth century.Choose the proper words in
14、its correct form to put into the text.instruct neighborhood pollute defeat handle suspect blame severe cluelink.to draw the conclusion cureUsing words and expressionsEducated people in the twenty-first century may find it hard to believe thattwo hundred years ago people did not _ illness _ problems
15、in the environment.We all know that in London drinking _ water causedlinktopollutedmany deaths from cholera.There was a _ to its cause because it always started in the poor _.Then it spread to the richer areas as the servants passed it on.Many doctors _ that polluted water was to _ and clean water w
16、as the _.clueneighbourhoodsuspectedblamecureJohn Snows investigation proved that the dirtier the water,the more _ the illness.So the government and thedoctors _ that water must be purified.They _ peopleto remove the _ from the pumps if the water was infected.Thus cholera was _ in the end.instructedd
17、rew the conclusionseverehandlesdefeatedAnswer key for Exercise 2 on page 4212563413 Translate these sentences into English,using the words and phrases in brackets.1.除了去公园以外，这个夏天我就没有出过公寓。(apart from)Apart from going to the park,I limit my movements to my neighbourhood.2.没有足够的证据很难作出结论。(make a conclusi
18、on)It is difficult to draw a conclusion without enough evidence.3.这些科学实验的结果对于我们非常有价值,它们将有助于我们的研究取得成功。(scientific enquiry;contribute to)These scientific enquires will contribute to the success of our project.4.居斯特夫埃菲尔对他修建铁塔的计划满怀热情,而这座塔使他闻名于世。（Gustave Eiffel;enthusiastic;construct)Gustave Eiffel was v
19、ery enthusiastic about his plan to construct the iron tower,which made him world-famous.5.他常提出些不同寻常的计划。你在加入之前要慎重对待。(put forward;be cautious to;join in)He often puts forward unusual plans.So be cautious about them before you decide to join in.6.谁是第一个反对“地心说”的人？(reject;universe)Who was the first person
20、 to reject the idea that the earth was the centre of the universe?7.虽然他的写作没什么意思，但弗雷德还是确信自己的作文会得高分。(make sense;positive)Although his writing doesnt make sense,Fred is positive that his composition will score a high mark.1 Choose appropriate verbs to complete the following sentences,using the past par
21、ticiple.Explain the use of the past participle in each sentence.Using structure1.They were _ to accept my idea.2.Ill be _ to hear what he has to say.3.The mayor said that he was _about the _ rise of the water level in the river bed.preparedinterestedworriedcontinued4.Recently _ soldiers are helping
22、to take the victims to safe areas from the flood.5.Most of the newspaper seems to be _ with pop stars.6.He was _ of going alone into the empty house.arrivedconcernedfrightened2 Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the attribute or predicative.1.I found this plate on t
23、he floor.The plate was broken in pieces.I found this broken plate on the floor.2.I saw a tall,dark and handsome man.His name is Xiao Ming.I saw a tall,dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.3.I looked at that modern abstract(抽象)painting.It was colored in yellows and greens.I looked at that modern ab
24、stract painting colored in yellows and greens.4.Yesterday I got the answer to my question.It was the one I expected.Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question.5.She is one of my devoted friends.She is devoted to my interests.She is my friend devoted to my interests.6.On the doorstep I found
25、a lot of bottles.They were marked in green ink.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles marked in green ink.7.We saw many windows in that room.They were all cracked.We saw many cracked windows in that room.analyseanalyse(分析分析),pure(),pure(纯的纯的),),foundations(foundations(基础基础),symbol(),symbol(符号符号),)
26、,(圆圆周率周率);sin(;sin(正弦正弦),),cosincosin(余弦余弦),geometry(),geometry(几何几何),),calculus(calculus(微积分微积分),mechanics(),mechanics(力学力学),),practical(practical(实用的实用的),topology(),topology(拓扑学拓扑学)Listening task1 Before listening,make a list of all the great mathematicians that you know of or have learned about.W
27、hat do you know of their achievements?2 John Smith is discussing with Zhao Yang his research into the life and work of a mathematician called Leonhard Euler(1707 1783).Before you listen to Parts1 and 2 on the tape read the words below and learn to pronounce them correctly.pure symbol sinecosine topo
28、logy angle diagram3 Listen to Part 1 again and tick the words below that Euler introduced into mathematics.pure symbol sinecosine topology angle diagram4 Listen to Part 2 again and fill in the chart below.Eulers new branch of mathematicsWhy Euler is considered to be a great mathematiciantopology1 in
29、troduced many new symbols into maths2 wrote more books than anyone before or since3 discovered a new branch of mathematicsEulers achievements Examples New symbols(符号)and terms Old areas of mathematics ,sin,cosinrevised and analysed all maths of his day Eulers achievementsExamples New area of mathema
30、tics Overall importance topology introduced a lot of symbols into maths;wrote more books than anyone before A MATHEMATICIANS PROBLEM John Smith(JS)is talking to Zhao Yang(ZY)about a mathematician who interests him.Listening textJS:Do you know that weve been studying Euler in maths?ZY:Who is he?Ive n
31、ever heard of him.JS:Well,he was a famous mathematician in the eighteenth century.He revised all the pure mathematics that was known in his day.ZY:That probably wasnt very much.JS:Youre wrong there.He wrote more than any other mathematician before or since.ZY:Really!Well,what did he do?JS:He introdu
32、ced a lot of symbols into mathematics such as pi and the terms sin and cosin.ZY:Wow!JS:And he did half of this work when he was blind.ZY:How did he do that?JS:He told his ideas to someone else who wrote them down.Part 2ZY:What were his achievements?JS:He introduce a new branch of mathematics called
33、topology.It helps you understand things by using diagrams.The subway map is a good example.It does not tell you distances but it shows how stations connect together.ZY:How did he start topology?JS:Well,in 1735 he was inspired by a problem in the city ofKonigsberg where he lived.Look at the map in yo
34、ur book.Konigsberg had a river running through it.The centre is an island.As the river passes the island,it breaks into two parts.Seven bridges were built over the river.Euler wondered if you could walk around the city so that you cross each bridge only once.ZY:Let me try that.It sounds quite simple
35、 to me.JS:Try,but its not as easy as it looks.Reading task FINDING THE SOLUTIONTopology-Euler pathTry your best to go over the whole points of each picture without lifting your pencil from the paper or going over any line twice.AADDBBCCWhats Eulers puzzle?Konigsberg is an island and there is a river
36、 breaking here into two parts.“Seven Bridges of Konigsberg”and the famous“Euler path”.People wondered if they could walk around the city by crossing the seven bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself,but Euler found he couldnt cross all the seven ones.This is Eulers puzz
37、le.The first stage in his research is to find the problem that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself,but he couldnt cross all seven.How did Euler prepare for his research?The second stage is to think of a method:He drew a map and used dots an
38、d lines to simplify his analysis.Trying and observing over and over again,he found a general rule.It is topology.Eulers theory is called“The Euler path”,which is expressed like this:If a figure has more than two odd points,you cant go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a
39、 line twice.So the general rule that Euler found is the even points and the odd points.What are the theories?ConclusionEulers theory(一笔画)可以一笔画只有两种情况：1.没有奇数顶点。2.只有两个奇数顶点。同学们如果对此类问题感兴趣,可登录：http:/www.e- the text and find out the answers to the following questions.1.How did Euler find a problem?2.Whats
40、the general rule to the puzzle?3.What branch of mathematics did Euler start?When he walked around the town and over the bridges of Konigsberg,he was surprised to find that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself,but he couldnt cross all seven.1
41、.How did Euler find a problem?2.Whats the general rule to the puzzle?3.What branch of mathematics did Euler start?If a figure has more than two odd points,you cant go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.He started a whole new branch of mathematics called“topo
42、logy”.Fill in the chart after reading the text.How many bridges could Euler cross without going across any of them twice?SixHow did he try to solve the puzzle?What is an“odd”point?By turning the map into a diagram.One which has an odd number of lines going to it.How many odd points are there in Fig
43、2 on page 45?How many odd points are there in Fig 4 on page 45?FourTwoWhat is Eulers rule?Did his rule work with Figs 2 and 4?If a figure has more than two odd points,you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or without going over a line twice.YesLook at the following pictures.
44、Check to see if you are right by using a pencil to go over the diagram.Remember not to miss any points or go over any line twice.Give a reason if there is no path.In pairs discuss the life and work of any scientist that you know.Explain their achievements and recount stories that show interesting as
45、pects of their character and their work.Talk about how they achieved their success.Speaking taskWas it because of his/her talent,intelligence,hard work,persistence,confidence,curiosity,enthusiasm or luck?Prepare to give a talk on your chosen scientist to the class.The following questions may help yo
46、u with your discussion.1.Who is the scientist you admire most?2.What nationality is this scientist?3.What kind of family did he/she come from?4.What kind of education did he/she receive?5.What did he/she achieve in his/her scientific work?6.Why did he/she achieve great success?Now write a report abo
47、ut your scientist,his/her life,achievements and the key to his/her success.Before you begin to write,remember to put your information under three headings:LifeAchievementsKey to success.WritingPlease plan your report according to these steps:Introduction to the scientist,including dates,where he/she lived and worked and which branch of science;Life of the scientist;Achievements of your chosen scientist;Key to his/her success;General summary of his/her importance in science and why you chose him/her.
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