1、Unit 1Great scientistsWarming up高二人教新课标版必修五Words and expressionsWhat do you know about great scientists?Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?ArchimedesArchimedes,Ancient Greek(287-212 BC),a mat
2、hematician.Hefound that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up.It rises and partly floats.The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles DarwinCharl
3、es Darwin,Britain(1808-1882)The Origin of Species was published in 1859.It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment.At the time it was published it was very controversial.Many people believed the Bible when it said that the God made the first two p
4、eople(Adam and Eve)and that all other people came from these two.Darwins book showed that people had developed from apes instead.So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people.However Darwins idea became very influential and is still accepted today.3.Who invented the first
5、steam engine?Thomas NewcomenThomas Newcomen,British(1663-1729)He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used o
6、n the railways.4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor MendelGregor Mendel,Czech(1822-1884)He grew pea plants and developedideas on heredity(遗传学)andinherited(继承,承传)characteristics.He concentrated on cross-fertilizing(施肥)pea plants and ana
7、lyzing theresults.5.Who discovered radium?Marie Curiethe power of radiumMarie Curie,Polish and French(1867-1934)In 1898 she discovered radium.She received two Nobel prizes,one(with Pierre Curie)for physics(1903)and one for chemistry(1911).She wasthe first woman to receive a Nobelprize and the first
8、woman to teach atthe Sorbonne(巴黎大学).6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edisonlight bulbphonographmotion picturesThomas Edison,American(1847-1931)He was already an inventor of otherelectrical devices(phonograph,electric light bulb)when in 1882 he designed
9、 a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station.This was a tremendous achievement,which had previously beenthought impossible.7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?Leonardo da Vincithe Last SupperMona LisaLeonardo da Vinci,Ita
10、lian(1452-1519)He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive.He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible.8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Sir Humphry Davythe Safety Lamp Sir Humphry D
11、avy,British(1778-1829)He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous(麻醉)oxide(氧化物)(or laughing gas)as an anaesthetic(麻醉剂).In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.The safty helmet made working underground very much safer.9.Who invented the earliest instrument
12、 to tell people where earthquakes happened?Zhang HengZhang Heng,Chinese(78-139)He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake.It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top,each with a ball in its mouth.Around the bottom were eight frogs direc
13、tly under a dragons head.When an earthquake occurred,a ball fell out of the dragons mouth,making a noise.10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking,British(1942-)He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space.He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but,from time to time,throw out matter as well.This may mark the beginning of new galaxies.This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes“eat”everything they come across.HomeworkPreview the reading passage John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”.
