1、Section Learning About Language（过去分词与现在分词）情境创设语法精讲教材链接（1）（教材P38）For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.（2）（教材P38）Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights.（3）（教材P38）Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat rid
2、e out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques.（4）（教材P38）Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.（5）（教材P38）Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever
3、taken.（6）（教材P39）However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed.观察上面的句子, 并分别写出加黑部分在句中的语法功能：第（1）句中现在分词作表语；第（2）、（5）句中现在分词短语作状语；第（3）句中现在分词短语作定语；第（4）句中过去分词短语作状语；第（6）句中过去分词作表语。要点精析一、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系，表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生；过去分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系，其动作发生在谓语之前或
4、没有时间性。There are 20 people working for the project. 有20人参与这个项目。The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那里的那个男人是我们的老师。There are more events added to the Olympics. 有更多的项目被加到奥运会上了。I dont like the composition written in pencil. 我不喜欢铅笔写的作文。二、感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语和定语时的区别英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词, 其现在分词表示主动意义, 表示“令人
5、有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，表示“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：exciting令人激动的excited激动的；兴奋的astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的surprising令人吃惊的surprised感到吃惊的discouraging 令人沮丧的discouraged感到沮丧的delighting令人高兴的delighted高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的frighten
6、ed感到害怕的interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的moving感人的moved受感动的（2020天津卷）Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 你上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了吗？如果是这样的话，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。Like humans, polar bears can feel pain, have em
7、otions and can be frightened. 和人类一样，北极熊可以感受到痛苦，有情绪, 也会害怕。After the satisfying explanation, the puzzled student looked delighted.得到满意的解释之后，这位困惑的学生看起来很高兴。三、过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别与主语的逻辑关系与谓语动词的先后关系过去分词作状语构成过去分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，即表被动。过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前; 也可以表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。现在分词作状语构成现在分词的
8、动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，即表主动。现在分词形式的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。第一组：与主语的逻辑关系比较从山上看, 你会发现这座城市就像一个大花园。从山上看, 这座城市就像一个大花园。第二组：与谓语动词的先后关系听到这个消息, 他们很兴奋。完成作业后, 他上床睡觉了。实战演练. 根据提示写出对应词块1. the rising sun 正在升起的太阳2. the risen sun 已经升起的太阳3. developing countries 发展中
9、国家4. developed countries 发达国家5. the boiling water 正在沸腾的水6. the boiled water 已经烧开的水7. a sleeping child 一个睡着的孩子8. written English 书面英语9. the exciting news 令人激动的消息10. the excited people 感到激动的人们11. a puzzling problem 令人迷惑的问题12. a puzzled look 感到迷惑的表情. 单句填空1.（2020全国卷） Filled (fill) with curiosity, the ar
10、tist packed his bags and left.2.（2020江苏卷）Technological innovations, combined (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.3.The music of the film played by him sounds so exciting (excite).4.It was a job that I really felt tired (tire).5.Look! The student seated at the end
11、of the classroom is buried (bury) in novels while the teacher is giving a lesson.6.I was rather surprised when I was told about the surprising accident. (surprise)7. Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order from Chinese.8. Judged (judge) as
12、 a responsible person, Tony was appointed head of the department.9.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged (challenge).10. Satisfied (satisfy) with the efforts that the students made, all the teachers nodded and smiled. 语法填空1. (bui
13、ld) to honour the Chinese poet Xu Zhimo, the memorial stone in white marble at the back of Kings College is now an attraction. 2. (move) to the UK in 1921, Zhimo spent a year studying at Kings, 3. (attract) by the romantic poetry of English poets like John Keats as well as Cambridge itself.His poem,
14、 Second Farewell to Cambridge, 4. (consider) to be his most famous one, is now a compulsory text on Chinese literature, 5. (learn) by millions of school children across our country every year. The poem vividly paints a portrait of Kings and the River Cam, 6. (serve) as a reminder of Xu Zhimos fondne
15、ss for his time in Cambridge.While the poem had been set to music many times before, the English composer John Rutter, one of the mainstream classical musicians, 7. (invite) by Kings College 8. (make) the first musical setting of the text. The new piece, 9. (write) and 10. (record) in celebration of
16、 the near 100-year link between Kings College and Xu Zhimo, has been released on a new album on the Kings College Record Label.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.Built 解析：1.语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。由剑桥大学国王学院为纪念中国诗人徐志摩而建的石雕引出话题, 讲述了徐志摩的留学生活及其作品以及影响。句子的主语 the memorial stone与build之间是被动关系, 因此用过去分词短语作状语。答案：2.Moving
17、 解析：2.句子的主语 Zhimo与move之间是主动关系, 因此用现在分词短语作状语。答案：3.attracted 解析：3.句子的主语 Zhimo与 attract之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词短语作状语。答案：4.considered 解析：4.“(consider) to be his most famous one”作定语修饰His poem， His poem和 consider之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。答案：5.learnt 解析：5.“ (learn) by millions of school children across our country every
18、year”作定语，且 a compulsory text和learn之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。答案：6.serving 解析：6.The poem和serve之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。答案：7.was invited 解析：7.分析句子结构可知，此空作谓语，且the English composer John Rutter和 invite之间是被动关系，因此填was invited。答案：8.to make 解析：8.此空考查 invite sb. to do sth. 结构。答案：9.written 解析：9.分析本句结构可知，has been released是谓语，因此此空和下一空都是非谓语动词，且The new piece与write、record之间均是被动关系，因此用过去分词。答案：10.recorded 解析：10.解析见上题。5
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