1、短文填空专项训练咸阳高新一中黄梦君2017.06拿到题目后，不要急于看文章。首先研究备选的词汇，对词义做初步的理解，同时对词性做简单的标记。梳理标记词汇的可能变形。一、明确词义，分辨词性，标记变形1.动词：注意其第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词形式；2.形容词：注意其比较等级、相应副词的变形；3.名称：注意其单、复数形式、所有格形式；4.代词：注意其主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词及其反身代词。陕西省常考的为人称代词的主格变形容词性物主代词；5.数词：注意基数词与序数词之间的转换。明确词义，分辨词性，标记变形语义完整、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。做好填词有两种方法：1.根据固
2、定搭配填词；2.根据语法知识填词。针对相关的语法知识，考生可以从以下五个方面着手：二、通读全文，把握大意，试填词汇1.如果空格后是谓语动词，且句子的其它内容完整，则该空格应考虑使用名词、人称代词及名词性物主代词；2.如果空格前是句子主语，空格后是宾语，此处应考虑动词，构成主谓宾结构；3.如果空格后是名词，空格前有限定词，则此处应考虑使用形容词；4.如果空格前有表示程度的副词，如a little,a bit,a lot,much,even,等词或空格后有than时，空格处应考虑用形容词或副词的比较级；5.如果空格前是实义动词，则考虑空格处填副词；同时要注意如果空格前是系动词、感官动词或be动词，
3、则需要填形容词，构成主系表结构，此类系动词有become,turn,get,sound,feel等。二、通读全文、把握大意、试填词汇注意严格按照陕西省中考阅卷评分标准检查4个方面：单词选择、形式、拼写、大小写。此外也应注意答案和题号一一对应。三、复读短文，核实答案，确保无误选词填空（一）布朗先生和伞1.forget2.bring3.mend4.beside5.luck6.pick7.same8.I9.stop 10.eachforgetsforgotforgotten forgettingto forgetbringsbroughtbringingto bringmendsmendedmend
4、ing to mendluckyunluckyluckierluckiest-luckilypickspickedpickingto pickmemyminemyselfstops stoppedstopping to stopMr.Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town.People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas,and then he took them to a big shop in London.They were 2 _ there.broughtmendedforget,bring，mend，b
5、eside，luck，pick，same,I,stop，eachOne day Mr.Brown went to London by train.He 3 _ to take an umbrella with him that day.Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat.When the train arrived in London,Mr.Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train.Jus
6、t as he was getting off,he was 6 _ by the man.He said angrily,Thats 7_!Mr.Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.forgotbesidepickedstoppedmineforget,bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same,I,stop，eachWhen Mr Brown got to the big shop,the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready.Af
7、ter a good look at 8 _ of them,he said,Youve mended them very well.In the afternoon he got into the train again.The 9 _ man was in the same seat.He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas,Youve had a 10 _ day,he said.eachsameluckyforget,bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same,I,stop，each这是一篇伞店老板Mr Brown在火
8、车上发生的故事，是叙述类文章。要求填的词汇都是大纲范围内的词汇，因此难度不是很大。学生应在短文语境中对有用的信息进行推敲，结合整篇文章的内容，确定所需词汇。通读全文，了解大意。再读全文，确定所需词的词义、词性和词形。第1题需要动词，因为该句无谓语，意思是“带来”或“给”，所以选brought。第2题需要动词，由于该句是被动语态，意思是“被修理”，选mended。第3题为动词，由空前主语和空后的动词不定式决定，根据下文判断意思是“忘记”，选forgot。第4题选介词。由语境决定的，意思是“在座位旁边”，选beside。第5题选动词，意思是“拾起”，恰好是词组pick up,故事发生在过去，所以选
9、picked。第6题选动词，由于句子是被动语态，选stopped。第7题选名词性物主代词，由于句子是主系表结构，意思是“我的”，选mine。第8题选代词，由后面的of结构决定的，指“每一”或者“全部”，选词中没有提供all；所以选each。第9题选形容词，由于它修饰的是名词，指“相同的”，选same。第10题选形容词，由于它修饰的是名词，指“幸运的或好的”，选lucky。选词填空（二）人类与沙漠1.move 2.enough3.find 4.desert 5.make6.use7.another8.carry9.trouble10.friendmovesmovedmoving to movef
10、indsfoundfindingto find desertsdeserts usesusedusingto useusefuluselesscarriescarriedcarryingto carrymakesmademakingto makein troublefriendsfriendsfriendsfriendlyYou may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world,but it is not true.In the desert we can 1._ stones.We can see hills,too
11、.There is a little rain in the 2._,but it is not 3._ for most plants.The animals are 4._ to the desert people in many ways.The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals.They use their skins to 5._ shoes,water bags and even tents(帐篷).They use the camels(骆驼)for 6._ things.finddesert
12、move,enough,find,desert,make,use,another,carry,trouble,friendenoughusefulmakecarryingThe people of the desert have to keep 7._ from places to place.They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals.They usually live in the tents.When there is mo more food for their animals,they take down their tents,put them on the camels and move to 8._ place.The desert people are very 9._.No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._ and give them food and water.move,enough,find,desert,make,use,another,carry,trouble,friendmovinganotherfriendlytrouble谢谢大家
