1、栏目导引语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关第二部分 第十一讲欢迎来到英语课堂第十一讲 特殊句式和主谓一致一、倒装种类倒装条件例句全部倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主语是名词时。Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.温馨提示 上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。Away they went.(2)代词such放在句首，且在句中作表语时。Such are the
2、 facts；no one can deny them.种类倒装条件例句全部倒装(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。(2013高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I
3、 speak to him again.Only then did I know the importance of learning.(2)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never，seldom,little,hardly,by no means,not until等)位于句首时。Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(3)hardly.when,no sooner.than,not only.but(also).等引导两个分句时，若hardly,no sooner,
4、not only位于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也”或“也不”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。He is a doctor.So is his wife.Lily cant ride，neither/nor can Lucy.(5)so/such.that.句型中，当suchn.或soad
5、j./adv.位于句首时,主句部分倒装,that从句不倒装。So small was the market that I could hardly see it.So carelessly did the drive that he almost killed himself.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(6)though/as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不用冠词。常见结构：状语/表语/动词though/as主谓结构。Try as he would,he might fail again.Unsatisfied though he was w
6、ith the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.(7)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语之前。Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim.A 2(2014高考大纲全国卷)_ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.ANot do only BDo not onlyCOnly not do
7、 DNot only do解析：考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。not only在句首引起句子时，该句用部分倒装，其结构为not only do/will/can etc.，因此D项正确。D3(2014高考湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others.Awill you keep Byou will keepCyou kept Ddid you keep解析：考查倒装句。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only副词/介词短语/状语从句
8、”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中，时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart 被only修饰，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒装结构。A二、强调句强调句(1)It is/was.that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调.当强调部分为“人”时，可用that或who，其他情况下用that。(2014高考湖南卷)Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.(2)一般疑问句：Is/Wasit.that/w
9、ho.？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat/who.？The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today？Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？强调句谓语动词(3)“not.until.”句型的强调句：It is/was not until.that.(2013高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter that
10、she mentioned her own plan.do/does/did动词原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有现在时和过去时)I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.He did write to you last night.1(2014高考四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school_ Mr.Smith got angry?Awhy BwhoCwhere DthatD 2(2014高考福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，_made
11、 it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.Awhere BwhyCthat DwhatC三、省略状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。(2015芜湖一中高三模拟)Every day after I went home,if not tired from work,I will go out for a walk with my wife.(2013高考天津卷)Although small，the company has about 1,000 bu
12、yers in over 30 countries.宾语从句“替代性”省略：not与be afraid,hope,think,believe,suppose,expect等连用，代替否定的宾语从句，so代替肯定的宾语从句，但表示否定意义时，hope与be afraid只用I hope/am afraid not的形式，而think,believe,suppose等有两种形式，即：I think/believe/suppose not和I dont think/believe/suppose so。Do you think it will rain？I hope not/so.Do they m
13、ind you smoking there？I dont think so/I think not.动词不定式(1)感官动词或使役动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,let,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动语态中不能省略(let除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.(2)在do nothing but do,cant help but do,why not do,would rather
14、do.than do.，prefer to do.rather than do.等句型中省略to。I would prefer to swim rather than play football.不定式符号to的省略动词不定式不定式的省略(1)使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like，love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want，wish等的后边。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.(2)在某些形容词如glad，h
15、appy，pleased,delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替省略的动词。Will you join in the game？Id be glad to.(3)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be,have和have been。Are you a sailor?No,but I used to be.DB 四、其他句式1祈使句的固定句式(1)祈使句and简单句，可译为“如果就”。(2)祈使句or/otherwise简单句，可译为“否则”。(3)名词词组(多含有more，another)and简单句，可译为“如果再就”。(2014高考大纲全国卷)Call
16、me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。2感叹句的固定句式(1)Whata/an形容词单数名词主语谓语！How形容词a/an单词名词主语谓语！(2)What(形容词)不可数名词/复数名词主语谓语！(3)How形容词/副词主语谓语！(4)How主语谓语！The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。3反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问句肯定的祈使句，简短问句用
17、will you/wont you。否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?(2)主从复合句的反意疑问句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there?毫无疑问，你认为他是无辜的。难道不是吗？温馨提示 当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问部分为肯定式时，其回答往往与汉语不一致，要特别注意！Tom doesnt
18、know it，does he?汤姆不知道这事，对吧？No，he doesnt./Yes，he does.对，他不知道。/不，他知道。(2014高考重庆卷)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_ you?Amustnt BhaventCdidnt DhadntC解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？must have done结构在句中表示对过去事情的推测，
19、当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“havent/hasnt.”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didnt.？”。根据题干中的过去时间状语last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。五、主谓一致含all，most，half，rest等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。用and或both.and连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。若and连接的两个单数主语指同一人、同一
20、物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。All of my classmates work hard.All of the water is up now.Between the two windows hangs a picture.The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.Both my brother and my sister are workers.主语后面接连接性短语时，谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like,rather than
21、，together with，but，except,besides，including，in addition to等。以or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also.等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.She，like you and Betty，is very clever.Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is du
22、e tomorrow.Are not only you but also he wrong？lots of，plenty of，a great/large number of等以及分数、百分数表示“许多”，后接可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。(large)quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；a(large)quantity of作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面的名词。the number of复数名词，the amount of不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。There are large quantities of food
23、 in the shop.A number of students like English very much.The amount of money spent on the project is great.many a名词单数，more than one名词单数，“no/each/every/many a名词单数andno/each/every/many a名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。当其他名词性从句，不定式短语或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the
24、 work done by their fathers.More than one question was raised.What he said leaves much for us to think about.1(2014高考湖南卷)All we need _a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.Aare BwasCis DwereC 2(2013高考江苏卷)Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.Ais BareCwas DwereA栏目导引语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关第二部分 第十一讲
