1、专题13 语法填空（学）语法填空题是给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中4个填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余6个填空是结合上下文直接填词（不多于3个单词）。这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识，还要有一定的语言阅读能力。从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考核，到短文中的语法实际应用，此次题型转变得更加灵活。考题的难易程度应该是有所下降的，刻板的单纯语法考题将逐渐消失，基础知识好的考生完成语法填空题应该不成问题。针对语法填空题如何复习，提醒考生，应继续进行语法知识的复习，加强对词汇本身用法，如主、被、动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用进行复习。语
2、篇语法填空解题技巧解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。（1）词汇层面方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。【例1】The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 【解析】a 第一次提到的可数名词单数前用不定冠词，表示“一个”。【例2】I sat next to the man and introdu
3、ced myself. We had _ amazing conversation. 【解析】an 短语搭配have a conversation“和交谈”。【例3】But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.【解析】the 特指最后一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。【例4】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembere
4、d how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 【解析】it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose。【例5】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _. 【解析】him please him (使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此
5、处指代her father。【例6】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”【解析】it 指前面提到的“水(the water)”。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。【例7】He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】was pretending 由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。【例8】Where men control the h
6、ousehold, less money _ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.【解析】is spentmoney与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。【例9】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he _ (find) that he has run out of sal
7、t.【解析】found 主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。【例10】She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume【解析】to please “be+形容词+ to do”, 无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。【例11】Film has a much shorter history，e
8、specially when _ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.【解析】compared本句是when it is compared to 的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。【例12】But everyone added a little, always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”【解析】thinking 因everyone
9、与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。【例13】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。【例14】I left it ea
10、rly because I had an appointment _ (late) that day.【解析】later 指那天晚些时候。【例15】It might have made it a little _ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.【解析】harder 句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。 方法6：当“（+限定词）+名词”或“+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时
11、，通常填介词。【例16】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble.【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”。【例17】He did so the next day. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.【解析】after/fromA.用介词after表示“在之后”；B. be tired from doi
12、ng sth.为“因做某事而累”。【例18】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper.【解析】atat table表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。（2）句子层面方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。【例19】 He was very tired fromdoing this for a whole day, _he felt very ha
13、ppy since the crop did “grow” higher.【解析】but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。【例20】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.”【解析】nor 并列连词“neithernor”表示“既不也不”。【例21】In the days when an ice cream cost muc
14、h less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _ sat at a table.【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。【例22】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when
15、I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。【例23】 One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.【解析】that引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。【例2
16、4】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。【例25】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive
17、ties were on display.【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【例26】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。【例27】Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes
18、 they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。【例28】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。（3）篇章意义层面方法1：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后
19、呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。【例31】, so he couldnt have done it. _, he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis stuff, so Im sure it wasnt him.（2014样题）【解析】Anyway “不管怎么说”，考察对语境的把握，体会上下文讲话人语气。【例32】-Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _ them in there when the phone rang.
20、 Oh, dear. I really must be losing my mind. Now, why did I put on my coat?（2014样题）【解析】must have put 考察对话上下文的理解和谓语的呼应，读懂上文“and left them on the table”、“But someone must have taken them”、“Oh, it must have been Dad.”以及下文几处情态动词的表达得出答案。【例33】I attended a school prize-giving _ not so long ago and the guest speaker was Andrew Becroft.【解析】ceremony 考查搭配关系。形容词和名词、动词和副词、动词和宾语存欢迎访问“高中试卷网”http:/sj.fjjy.org
