1、课时作业(十三)Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsSection Warming Up & ReadingPrereading(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！).阅读理解AMaggie had never experienced an earthquake before，only prepared for it.As long as she could remember，preparing for an earthquake was routine (常规的) at school.Her family as well had made
2、 plans in the event of a natural disaster.Earthquakes are so much more common on the West Coast of the United States.Today Maggie was home alone.Maggie knew her mom would be driving home on the busy freeway，thinking about preparing supper for Maggies dad.Maggies dad would arrive at the airport.He wa
3、s coming home from a twoweek business trip.Maggie arrived home from school at the regular time.She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard，when she felt it.First just a tremor (微震)，then the violent shaking.Maggie quickly ran under the large，wooden table in the dining room.The sounds of br
4、eaking glass and the crashing (坠落声) of many things were frightening.But the table remained undamaged，and Maggie hid herself in fear.After what seemed like a century the earthquake appeared to be over.Maggie could hear the sound of water rushing below her in the basement.The smell of natural gas was
5、present in the air.Maggie knew where the main water valve (阀门) was located.Dad had shown her where it was and how to turn it off.Slowly and carefully she came out from under the table.The once tidy home was now almost unrecognizable.As Maggie reached the open basement door she could see the steps we
6、re still in good condition.She carefully made her way down into the dark basement.While still on the steps she felt the water rising and rising.Suddenly Maggie felt a lot of pain as a large ceiling beam (天花板梁) hit her head and shoulder.She fell onto some storage boxes.语篇解读本文是记叙文。文章描述了Maggie的第一次地震经历。
7、1What do we know about Maggie and her family?AThey lived in earthquake country.BThey seldom prepared for an earthquake.CThey had experienced an earthquake before.DThey got an earthquake warning that morning.解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“preparing for an earthquake was routine at school”和“Her family as well had ma
8、de plans in the event of a natural disaster”以及“Earthquakes are so much more common on the West Coast of the United States”可知，Maggie一家住在地震带上。答案：A2What was Maggie doing when the earthquake took place?AShe was about to clean her home.BShe was about to enter her home.CShe was looking for something to ea
9、t.DShe was preparing supper for her family.解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard，when she felt it”可知，地震发生时，Maggie正在找东西吃。答案：C3Why did Maggie go to the basement?ATo close the basement door.BTo find some storage boxes.CTo turn off the main water valve.DTo check where th
10、e rising water came from.解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Maggie could hear the sound of water rushing below her in the basement”和“Maggie knew where the main water valve was located.Dad had shown her where it was and how to turn it off”可知，Maggie去地下室是为了关闭水阀。答案：C4Whats the text mainly about?AMaggies first trip to the
11、 West Coast.BMaggies first earthquake experience.CHow Maggie survived a natural disaster.DHow Maggie prepared for an earthquake.解析：主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Maggie had never experienced an earthquake before”和接下来三段描述Maggie经历的地震过程可知，本文主要描述Maggie的第一次地震经历。答案：BBEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 20
12、0 years ago.He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical (数学) problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However，Halley had a friend named Newton，who
13、was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem，but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)Now Halley set to work.He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that h
14、ad been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607，and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley.The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley though
15、t about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets，as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea！Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what come
16、t would happen in the future.He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it，for he has died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halleys c
17、omet，in his honor.语篇解读本文主要介绍了天文学家哈雷和他的重大发现。并介绍了彗星以哈雷为名的由来。5Halley made his discovery_.Aby doing experimentsBby means of his own careful observationCby using the work of other scientistsDby chance解析：细节理解题。由文中第三段“He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He m
18、ade a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607，and 1682 all had the same orbit.”可知应选C。答案：C6Halley made a surprising，but correct prediction in the year_.A1704 B1705C1706 D1707解析：数字计算题。第五段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to
19、 go before Halleys prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。答案：B7This passage in general is about_.AHalley and other scientistsBthe orbit of a cometCNewton and HalleyDHalley and his discovery解析：主旨大意题。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。答案：D8Which of the following is
20、 TRUE?AEdmund Halley was an American scientist.BHalley made his discovery by doing experiments.CNewton was a famous mathematician.DThe orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.解析：推理判断题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第1题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D。答案：CCWhether kids are reading an interesting book or watching
21、 a funny television show，there are three words they probably fear hearing in the evening：time for bed! Theres always a question existing in their mind：why does bedtime always have to arrive so soon to break up whatever fun were having?Most children will ask for extra time.Some may even try to argue
22、with logic (逻辑)After all，arent adults supposed to set a good example for children？If adults stay up later，shouldnt children be allowed to stay up later，either？Unfortunately for children everywhere，that_logic_simply_doesnt_hold_water.In fact，science is fairly on the side of adults.No matter how unfai
23、r it seems，children simply need more sleep than adults.Even though sleeping seems to be the most boring and unproductive thing you could be doing，its actually very important to your physical and mental health.In addition to providing energy for your body，sleep helps your brain work at its best，too.S
24、cientists believe that the brain remains active during certain periods of sleep，sorting through and storing information from the day.As a general rule，young children need somewhere between 9 and 11 hours of sleep each night.Teenagers usually need between 8 and 10 hours of sleep nightly.But why do ki
25、ds need that extra sleep？In fact，children are still in the process of growingboth physically and mentallyand that extra sleep is what their bodies need to grow in a healthy way.Once they have stopped growing，they dont need as much sleep.Sleeping less on a regular basis can do harm to your health.In
26、addition to feeling physically tired，you can also feel psychologically (心理上地) tired when you cant get enough sleep.It can lead to an inability to focus and think clearly.Being overly tired can also make relativelyeasy things seem nearly impossible.Whats worse，too little sleep can make you get sick e
27、asily.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。儿童处于成长阶段，与成人相比，需要更多的睡眠，以保证他们的身体健康地成长。9What do we know about kids in Paragraph 1 ?AThey dislike sleeping.BThey fear hearing orders at night.CThey hate bedtimes breaking up their fun.DThey need extra time to read or watch TV.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theres always a question existing in their
28、 mind：why does bedtime always have to arrive so soon to break up whatever fun were having？”和第二段的“Most children will ask for extra time.”可知，孩子们讨厌睡觉影响他们的娱乐。 答案：C10The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means that logic_.Adoesnt make senseBcant be provenCshould be supportedDneeds to be explained解析：句意理解题。根据
29、第二段的“In fact，science is fairly on the side of adults.”可知，科学是站在成年人这边的，所以可推测，此句是指孩子们所谓的逻辑站不住脚。答案：A11According to the passage，why do kids need extra sleep compared with adults?AIt helps them grow taller.BIt improves their intelligence.CIt benefits their healthy growth.DIt reduces their risk of developi
30、ng disease.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“In fact，children are still in the process of growing.extra sleep is what their bodies need to grow in a healthy way.Once they have stopped growing，they dont need as much sleep.”可知，孩子们之所以比成人需要的睡眠时间多，是因为他们还在长身体，充足的睡眠可以使得他们健康地成长。答案：C12What is the last paragraph mainly about?A
31、The benefits of sleeping properly.BThe cause of peoples sleeping less.CThe negative effects of sleeping less.DThe connection between sleep and illness.解析：主旨大意题。文章最后一段主要讲睡眠时间少可能会带来的负面影响。答案：C.七选五Your own backyard may be a fun place to play.You may have trees to climb，and insects to study._1_.But did y
32、ou know these things are related to each other through the food chain？Every part of nature belongs to a community where each member uses the lower members to stay alive.Every part of the world has food chains，including the oceans and the deserts (沙漠)_2_，the whole chain could fall apart.The food chai
33、n is most disturbed (扰乱) by people because we build neighborhoods on the land where animals live and we pollute the environment.Both these actions make it difficult for other living things to survive.Still there is a lot we can do to protect the parts of food chains.Here are some ideas that can help
34、：_3_.Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy.Plant more flowers and trees.And，most of all，try not to disturb the places where other animals live.Do not pollute the environment.Recycle (回收) any material you can._4_.Having fewer cars on the road means having better air for all of
35、 us to breathe.Keep learning about and respecting (尊重)plants，animals，and the environment._5_.You may even pass it on to your own children someday.Its important that as many people as possible protect nature and keep the food chain whole.AShare your spaceBIf you ever want to see itCBut if one part is
36、 taken awayDWe depend on each other for food and survivalERide your bike or walk to places that you need to goFYou can then pass this information on to your parents and friendsGMaybe you hear birds singing or see your pet cat sleeping in the sun语篇解读本文是说明文。文章介绍了保护生态平衡的重要性以及方法。1解析：G项中的birds singing和pe
37、t cat sleeping in the sun与该空前的“have trees to climb，and insects to study”相呼应，都是对首段第一句“Your own backyard may be a fun place to play”的解释说明。答案：G2解析：由第一段中的“things are related to each other through the food chain”和“Every part of nature belongs to a community”可知，食物链中的任何一个部分缺失，都会使整个食物链垮掉。C项中的taken away与该空后的
38、fall apart相呼应。答案：C3解析：该空后的“Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy.Plant more flowers and trees”和“try not to disturb the places where other animals live”与A项的Share your space相呼应。答案：A4解析：由本段小标题Do not pollute the environment可知，E项中的“Ride your bike or walk to places”与该空前后的“Recycle any material”和“Having fewer cars on the road”都是不污染环境的做法。答案：E5解析：F项中的this information与该空后的it都是指代本段小标题“Keep learning about and respecting plants，animals，and the environment.”答案：F
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