1、第六讲 词性转换突破高考重点考点一 名词与其他词类的词性转换(一)形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词age shortshortage 不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密dom freefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧 ence differentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大
2、意darkdarkness 黑暗 thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情truetruth 真实widewidth 宽度 ytyitydifficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；残疾responsibleresponsibility 责任(二)动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapproveapproval 赞成；批准arrivearrival 到来；到达survivesurvival 幸存proposeproposal 提议；建议anceappearappe
3、arance 出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目enceexistexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅ionattractattraction 吸引constructconstruction 建设educateeducation 教育evaluateevaluation 评估graduategraduation 毕业ationexpectexpectation 期待；期望explainexplanation 解释considerconsideration 考虑i
4、magineimagination 想象力starvestarvation 挨饿inviteinvitation 邀请；请柬 (s)siondiscussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学 inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始mentachieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 设备ureturepresspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物depart
5、departure 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现 其他growgrowth 成长；发展choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势 (三)表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词ercleancleaner 清洁工reportreporter 记者strangestranger 陌生人orinventinventor 发明者visitvisitor 游客directdirector 导演arlie
6、liar 说谎者begbeggar 乞讨者，乞丐eeemployemployee 雇员interviewinterviewee 参加面试者traintrainee 受训者；学员esshosthostess 女主人actactress 女演员ianmusicmusician 音乐家politicspolitician 政治家historyhistorian 历史学家istartartist 艺术家sciencescientist 科学家pianopianist 钢琴家 antserveservant 仆人participateparticipant 参加者assistassistant 助手；图
7、书管理员题组微练(单句语法填空)12021陕西省重点中学模拟On this day，thousands of people all around the world reached out to make a new positive _(connect)with others.22021长春市高三质量监测Individuals who throw away their garbage without sorting it can be fined up to 200 yuan，while companies and _(organize)can face fines up to 5,000
8、yuan.答案与解析：connection考查名词。根据空前的“make a new positive”和空后的“with others”可知，此处填名词connection“联系”作make的宾语。答案与解析：organizations考查词性转换。空处与名词companies并列，表示不止一个组织，故此处用名词复数。32021贵阳市高三适应性考试The tactics represent the _(wise)of Chinese people.They are not only useful on the battlefield but also useful for business
9、and personal life.42021合肥市高三第一次质量检测A painting with a _(long)of 1014.37 meters has received a Guinness World Record title for the longest drawing by an individual artist.答案与解析：wisdom考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应为名词，所以填wisdom。答案与解析：length考查词性转换。此处表示一幅长达1014.37米的画作，根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应用名词，a length of.“长达
10、”，所以填length。52021山西省重点中学高三联考Young kids want to improve _(fit)and learn Chinese culture，adults take classes to relieve stress brought by work，and retired people practice it to prevent health problems.62020全国卷 Filled with _(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.答案与解析：fitness考查名词。本空作动词improve的宾语
11、，故填名词形式。fitness“健康”。答案与解析：curiosity 考查词性转换。介词with后应使用名词。考点二 形容词、副词的前后缀(一)形容词变副词的后缀规则示例一般情况加lyslowslowly 缓慢地commoncommonly 普通地immediateimmediately 立刻地以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lyhappyhappily 高兴地steadysteadily 稳定地busybusily 繁忙地noisynoisily 吵闹地heavyheavily 沉重地healthyhealthily 健康地以le结尾，去掉e加ysimplesimply 简单地gen
12、tlegently 温柔地terribleterribly 可怕地possiblepossibly 可能地probableprobably 可能地comfortablecomfortably 舒服地 以ic结尾，加allyeconomiceconomically 经济地scientificscientifically 科学地常考且易拼错的副词rudely,truly,politely,widely,nicely,closely,fortunately,surprisingly,increasingly,hurriedly,shyly(二)动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词ableacceptac
13、ceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的formformal 正式的nationnational 全国的fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peac
14、epeaceful 和平的carecareful 细心的useuseful 有用的successsuccessful 成功的helphelpful 有帮助的 edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled 迷惑的worryworried 担心的borebored 感到厌倦的exciteexcited 激动的；兴奋的underlineunderlined 加下划线的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊讶的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的worryworrying
15、 令人担心的boreboring 令人厌烦的ibleaccessaccessible 容易达到的；容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的instructinstructive 有教育意义的expenseexpensive 昂贵的ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；
16、谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的dirtdirty 有灰尘的；脏的rainrainy 有雨的snowsnowy 有雪的sunsunny 阳光明媚的windwindy 有风的cloudcloudy 阴天的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishchildchildish 孩子气的foolfoolish
17、愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的icsciencescientific 科学的economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary 想象中的题组微练(单句语法填空)12021昆明市高三“三诊一模”David Katz was upset by all the plastic going into the ocean.To help solve the problem，he had a _(create)ideato treat plastic like money.22021贵阳市高三适应性考试The Contem
18、porary Museum of Calligraphy(书法)contains many art pieces including Arabic，Chinese,_(Europe)，Indian，Japanese and Slavic calligraphic works.答案与解析：creative考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词idea，应用形容词形式，所以填creative。答案与解析：European考查词性转换。and前后为并列的形容词，共同修饰后面的名词短语calligraphic works，所以填European。32021济南市高三质量评估Smells from
19、cookies baking in the kitchen or the smell of a homemade dish can bring back _(amaze)memories of growing up.42019北京卷Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _(meaning)
20、college experience.答案与解析：amazing考查词性转换。此处表示“令人惊讶的记忆”，应用形容词修饰名词memories；amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，修饰物；amazed意为“大为惊奇的”，修饰人。故填amazing。答案与解析：meaningful考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。用形容词修饰名词college experience。52020全国卷As the small boat moved _(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflecte
21、d in the water.62021天津高三八校第二次联考What is driving this _(grow)in veganism?It is because people want to protect the environment.答案与解析：gently 考查词性转换。修饰动词moved应使用副词。答案与解析：growth考查名词。句意：为何纯素食主义如此受欢迎？空格前有this修饰，与this一起做drive的宾语，要用grow 的名词形式growth。考点三 变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable 使能够largeenlarge 扩大richenric
22、h 使充实；使丰富dangerendanger 危及courageencourage 鼓励 后缀enbroadbroaden 使变宽riperipen 使成熟sharpsharpen 使尖锐widewiden 加宽shortshorten 变短deepdeepen 加深darkdarken 使变暗hardharden 使变硬ifyclassclassify 把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化 beautybeautify 美化izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调memorymemorize 记住realrea
23、lize 认识到；实现题组微练(单句语法填空)12019浙江卷Besides，what you told me about your country _(broad)my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.22019全国卷The purpose of the HUNCH programs to _(sharp)students communication skills.broadenedsharpen考点四 转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联
24、系。转化规则例词名词动词face(n.脸v.面对)shoulder(n.肩v.肩负)water(n.水v.浇水)back(n.背v.支持)name(n.名字v.命名)动词名词look(v./n.)看try(v./n.)尝试dream(v./n.)梦想chat(v./n.)聊天形容词动词empty(adj.空的v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的v.弄脏)warm(adj.暖的v.使变暖)形容词副词hard(adj.难的adv.努力)high(adj.高的adv.高)deep(adj.深的adv.深)wide(adj.宽的adv.宽)注意：high，deep，wid
25、e用作副词时表示具体，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象。刷经典试题 语法填空解题技法【典例感悟】12020北京卷Because of the confidence she inspired in me,Ive carved out a _(success)profession as a journalist.22020新高考山东卷In the 18th and 19th centuries,_(wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.答案与解析：succe
26、ssful考查词性转换。profession 为名词，意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。答案与解析：wealthy考查词性转换。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。3 2019全 国 卷 They also shared with us many _(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _(huge)popular with tourists.42021衡水中学第一次模拟There is also no _(evident)that protein from a powder or b
27、ar can improve athletic performance any more than protein from food.答案与解析：traditional考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。hugely考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受欢迎。答案与解析：evidence句意：也没有证据表明粉末或棒状物中的蛋白质比食物中的蛋白质更能提高运动成绩。固定句型：There is no ev
28、idence that.“没有证据”。该句中no后面用名词，名词后面是that引导的同位语从句。52021兰州高三诊断考试I feel proud that our Chinese culture attracts many people from different cultures.The performance was very _(impress)62021广州市综合检测二Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones(无 人 机)_(film)the Great Wall,which provides a _(complete)new
29、and fascinating perspective.答案与解析：impressive考查形容词。根据语境可知，表演非常令人难忘。根据句意可知该处用形容词作表语。答案与解析：to film考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do sth.“用做”是固定用法，此处不定式作目的状语，所以填to film。completely考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，修饰形容词new，所以填completely。【答题微点】语法填空解题“2策略”1利用句子成分确定词性(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式。(2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；
30、如果作状语，要想到用副词。2根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性(1)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。(2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。对点跟踪检测语法填空2021安徽部分重点中学高三联考Experiences are acquired through our journey in life;we choose and create our beliefs,fears and opinions 1._(base)on all our experiences in life.Even though t
31、hings and life are the way they are,we all have different opinions about everything and everybody.Other people have opinions about us too.But 2._ really matters is the opinion we have about 3._(we).You either choose to accept and follow what other people believe 4._ decide to be yourself and live ac
32、cording to the reality of life.5_ living life as it is and being yourself,you create an image about yourself.It is extremely important 6._(understand)how this image,created by your beliefs and imagination,directs and influences your 7._(grow).This image that you create about yourself 8._(determine)w
33、ho you are and how you feel；it determines how successful you become in life.Everything starts in the mind.If you really want to accomplish your dreams,picture yourself having and living the life you want.Believe in yourself and be 9._(confidence)!It doesnt matter how bad or difficult the 10._(circumstance)may look like.In short,you are as happy or sad as you see yourself.
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