1、Unit 1A new start必备词汇速记温馨提示:为自测框,记住的词汇前面可以打。快来自测一下吧!【重点单词快速记】curiousadj.好奇的campusn.校园challengen.挑战calmadj.镇静的,沉着的postern.海报draman.戏剧bandn.乐队,乐团debaten.讨论,辩论stagen.舞台topicn.话题,论题sharpadj.敏锐的,聪明的variousadj.各种各样的;各种不同的schedulen.计划表,进度表,日程表awardn.奖,奖赏formeradj.从前的sightn.看到,看见figurev.认为,以为specificadj.具体的
2、,特定的junioradj.低年级的strugglev.奋斗,拼搏【拓展单词联想记】curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n.好奇impress v.使留下印象 impression n.印象;感想impressed adj.有深刻印象的impressive adj.令人钦佩的;给人深刻印象的tradition n.传统traditional adj.传统的traditionally adv.传统地explore vt.&vi.考察,探索;勘探exploration n.探索;探险explorer n.探险者organise/organ
3、ize vt.组织;筹备;安排;组建organised/organized adj.有组织的;有条理的organization n.组织;团体breathe v.呼吸 breath n.呼吸frighten v.使害怕frightened adj.受惊的;害怕的frightening adj.令人害怕的fright n.害怕confidence n.信心;信任confident adj.自信的;有把握的argue v.争论;争辩argument n.争论;争辩graduate v.毕业graduation n.毕业【重点短语高效记】senior high school(美国)高中one by
4、one依次地;一个接一个地make an impression(on sb.)(给某人)留下印象in panic惊慌地go all out(to do sth.)全力以赴,竭尽全力(做某事)in particular 尤其,特别refer to提到;谈到junior high school(美国)初级中学look forward to盼望;期待take part in参加核心词汇探究Period 1Starting out&Understanding ideasNO.1eagerness n.热切,渴望eager adj.渴望的;热切的;渴求的eagerly adv.渴望地;热切地【教材语境】
5、I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.(P2)我很早就醒来,冲出门去,渴望了解我的新学校。【语块归纳】be eager to do.渴望做be eager for.渴望,想得到be too eager to do.非常渴望做急于【语境助记】I couldnt hide my eagerness to get good marks in the entrance exam.我无法掩饰想在入学考试中获得好成绩的渴望。My eagerness to study i
6、n a famous university encourages me to work hard.我想上一所名牌大学的渴望激励着我刻苦学习。We are looking forward with eagerness to your visit.我们热切期盼你的到来。【链接高考】(2019浙江高考)Learning that youre leaving for the United States soon,Im eagerly writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help.得知你很快就要去美国了,我急切地写信对你的帮
7、助表示衷心的感谢。(2018全国卷)Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity.我们中有些人很自信,也渴望参加班级活动。【名师点津】不表否定的“too.to.”“too.to.”结构和eager连用时,意为“太、非常、很”,没有否定含义。Were too eager to receive information sent by Change 5 lunar probe.我们迫不及待地想收到嫦娥五号月球探测器传回的信息。NO.2 impression n.印象;感想impress v.给留下深刻印象
8、impressed adj.印象深刻的impressive adj.令人钦佩的;给人深刻印象的【教材语境】What could I say to make a good first impression?(P3)我说些什么才能留下好的第一印象呢?【语块归纳】leave/make a(n).impression on sb.给某人留下的印象impress sb.with sth.给某人留下印象impress sth.on sb.使某人铭记be impressed with/by.对印象深刻【语境助记】That speaker left/made a deep impression on me t
9、hat day.那天那位演讲者给我留下了深刻的印象。He was impressed with/by Benjamins drawings.他对本杰明的绘画印象深刻。The teacher impressed the importance of English on me.老师让我意识到英语的重要性。【链接高考】(2019江苏高考)Why does it matter that people are more impressedby the most recent changes?为什么人们对最近的变化印象更为深刻?【巧学助记】Hangzhou is really an impressive
10、place.The famous West Lake always leaves a deep impression on the visitors.I was deeply impressed by/with its beauty the first time I saw it.杭州真是令人印象深刻的地方。著名的西湖总是给游客留下深刻的印象。我第一次看到它时就对它的美丽印象深刻。NO.3 breathe v.呼吸breath n.呼吸【教材语境】With butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply.(P3)我感到极度紧张,做了一个深呼吸。【语块归纳
11、】breathe in/out吸气/呼气take a deep breath深呼吸out of breath上气不接下气hold ones breath屏住呼吸【语境助记】I opened the window to breathe in some fresh air.我打开窗户呼吸一些新鲜空气。The old man was out of breath from climbing the stairs.这位老人因为爬楼梯而上气不接下气。He took a deep breath and jumped into the water.他深深地吸了一口气然后跳入水中。【链接高考】(2019天津高考
12、)Holding my breath,I unwillingly took a bite.To my surprise,the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm,soft,and mouthwatering.我屏住呼吸,不情愿地咬了一口。令我惊讶的是,炸过的豆腐皮温暖柔软,令人垂涎欲滴。NO.4 panic(panicked,panicked,panicking)v.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐,惊慌【教材语境】Everyone started laughing.I looked at them in panic.(P3)所有人都开始笑,我惊慌失措地看着他们。【
13、语块归纳】get into a panic陷入惊慌in panic惊慌地The girl is in a state of panic.Try to help her cool down.这个女孩惊恐万分。帮她冷静下来吧。When he heard the terrible words,he panicked and ran away quickly.当听到这些可怕的话时,他惊慌失措,迅速逃跑了。“Tommy,run!Be quick!The house is on fire!”The mother shouted in panic.“汤米,快跑!快点儿!房子失火了!”妈妈恐慌地叫喊着。NO.
14、5 challenge n.&v.挑战【教材语境】Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.(P3)类似这样的挑战或许有时会让你们有压力。【语块归纳】face a challenge面临挑战take up/accept a challenge接受挑战meet a challenge迎接挑战challenge sb.to do sth.挑战某人做【链接高考】(2020新高考全国卷)People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.人们尽力互相帮助以应对挑
15、战。【巧学助记】I challenged Li Hua,who was good at English,to learn 100 new words by heart within half an hour.It was really a challenging thing,but he gladly accepted the challenge.Much to my surprise,he won the challenge in the end.李华英语很好,所以我向他挑战半小时记住100个新单词。这真的很难,但他愉快地接受了挑战。让我惊讶的是,他最后赢得了挑战。NO.6 depend o
16、n取决于;由决定;依靠【教材语境】But it all depends on what you do.(P3)不过一切都取决于你们如何去做。【语块归纳】depend on sb.to do sth.依靠/指望某人做某事depend on it that.相信/指望It/That(all)depends.那得看情况(而定)。【语境助记】You cant depend on them to do it.你不能指望他们做这件事。You can depend on it that he will help you with your English.你可以指望他帮你学英语。【链接高考】(2018全国卷
17、)But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.但是很快,道森市赖以生存的黄金都被找到了。Period 2Using languageNO.1 take part in 参加【教材语境】In the UK and the US,senior high school students take part invarious after-school activities,such as club activities and volunteer work.(P7)在英国和美国,高中生参加各种课外活动,例如俱乐部活动和志愿
18、者工作。【语块归纳】take part in参加play a part in在起作用play the part of扮演角色【语境助记】Id love to play the part of a shop assistant in the textbook drama.我想在这个课本剧中扮演一位商店售货员的角色。After school we take part in colorful activities.放学后我们参加丰富多彩的课外活动。Vocabulary plays a very important part in learning English.词汇在英语学习中起着至关重要的作用。
19、【链接高考】(2018全国卷)Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.我们中的一些人自信而急切地参加课堂活动,另一些人则紧张且焦虑。【易混辨析】不同的“参加”take part in参加活动join参加团体、组织、机构attend参加(出席)会议等It benefits us a lot to take part in the military training in Senior 1.参加高一军训让我们受益匪浅。He joine
20、d the Communist Youth League two years ago.他两年前加入中国共青团。Will you attend their wedding ceremony next week?你会参加他们下周的婚礼吗?NO.2 graduate v.毕业graduation n.毕业【教材语境】Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York.(P9)莉萨去年六月从我们学校毕业,即将去纽约上大学。【语块归纳】graduate from 从毕业after gradu
21、ation毕业后【语境助记】Even if you graduate from the best school in the world,its not enough because what matters most is your skill.即使你从世界上最好的学校毕业,这也是不够的,因为最重要的是你的技能。They asked what his plans were after graduation.他们问他毕业之后有何打算。【链接高考】(2020新高考全国卷)That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from Universi
22、ty of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.当詹妮弗从威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校毕业时,那种意志力产生了结果。NO.3 refer to 谈到;提到;参考【教材语境】Refer to the interview for ideas.(P10)参考这个采访以便形成观点。【语块归纳】含介词“to”的短语:look forward to盼望pay attention to注意be used to习惯于get down to开始干;着手做(尤指非常花费精力之事)lead to导致refer to参考;谈到;提到stick to坚持【语境助记】The designer is used to ge
23、tting up early in the morning.这名设计师习惯早上早起。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活?Researchers have found that too much TV leads to poor health later in life.研究人员发现看电视过多会导致晚年健康状况不佳。Study this example and refer to the explanation below.研究这个例子并参考下面的解释。【链接高考】(2019全国卷)The trend,the
24、n,was toward the“penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.当时的趋势是向“便士报纸”(发展)指的是公众可以广泛获得的报纸。Period 3Developing ideasNO.1 struggle v.&n.奋斗;拼搏【教材语境】The teacher found I was struggling with note-taking and told me to stop and just listen.(P11)老师发现我在奋力做笔记,就告诉我停下来听讲。【语块归纳】s
25、truggle with和作斗争struggle against和作斗争struggle for为而斗争struggle to do挣扎/奋力做【语境助记】We have to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties.我们必须和各种各样的困难作斗争。They are struggling for a better life.他们在为更好的生活奋斗着。The bird was caught in the net and was struggling to get free.那只鸟被网罩住了,挣扎着想要逃脱。【链接高考】(2019江苏高考)H
26、e struggled to explain what he heard in his head.他努力地解释他脑海中所听到的。NO.2 exchange n.交换;交流vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换【教材语境】After completing this unit,I can rate my performance 1(excellent),2(good)or 3(in need of improvement).talk about school clubsexchange ideas(P12)学完本单元后,我会评价我的学习情况:1(优秀),2(良好),3(有待提高)谈论学校社团交流想法【语块归
27、纳】exchange.with.和交换exchange.for.把换成以交换in exchange(for.)换取/交换()作为交换an exchange student一名交换生【语境助记】I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.我与经理握了握手,并交谈了几句。Could you please exchange these US dollars for RMB for me?麻烦你帮我把这些美元换成人民币行吗?I will help you with English in exchange for my Chinese
28、 practice.我将帮助你学英语,以换取你帮我练习汉语。【链接高考】(2019天津高考)Ive never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk,but they wanted to help.除了闲聊,我和那些妈妈从来没有说过话,但她们却愿意提供帮助。【巧学助记】不一样的“换”疑难句式破解【高频句式】句式1 “be doing.when”结构【教材语境】I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.(P2)我正看着布告
29、栏里的照片,这时我听到了身后的说话声。【句式解构】句中黑体部分是“be doing.when”结构,意为“正在做某事,就在那时/那时”,句中when作并列连词,连接两个并列分句。【语境助记】She was doing her homework when there was a knock at the door.她正在做作业,这时有人敲门了。I was driving down to Beijing when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正在开车去北京的路上,这时我突然发现走错路了。I was thinking about th
30、e matter when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事时,听到有人叫我的名字。句式2 “现在分词作状语”结构【教材语境】Turning around,I saw a white-haired man.(P2)我转身,看到一位白发苍苍的老人。【句式解构】句中黑体部分是“现在分词短语作伴随状语”,可位于句首、句中或句末,表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生的另一动作。现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,二者之间为主动关系。此外,现在分词短语在句中还可以作状语、表原因、结果、条件等。【语境助记】Opening the window,I saw a butterfly flyi
31、ng into my room.(伴随状语)打开窗户,我看见一只蝴蝶飞进我的房间。Living far from the school,he has to get up early every morning.(原因状语)由于住得离学校远,他必须每天早上早起。It snowed heavily last night,thus causing the traffic problems today.(结果状语)昨晚雪下得很大,因此导致了今天的交通问题。Turning to the left,you will see the post office.(条件状语)你往左拐,就会看见邮局。句式3 “wi
32、th+宾语+宾语补足语”结构【教材语境】With butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply.(P3)由于紧张,我深吸了一口气。【句式解构】句中黑体部分是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,此结构在句中常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语,可位于句首或句尾,亦可作后置定语。在此结构中可用形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。【语境助记】With the floor wet,I had to stay outside.由于地板很湿,我只得待在室外。(with+O+adj.)With so much homework to do,I
33、wont go to see the film tonight.有那么多作业要做,今晚我不去看电影了。(with+O+to do)With time going by,the woman gradually forgot that accident.随着时间的流逝,这位女士渐渐忘记了那次事故。(with+O+doing)The room is clean,with a dining table laid for a meal.房间很干净,一张餐桌已经摆好等着吃饭了。(with+O+done)【长难句分析】难句When my English teacher stepped into the cl
34、assroom,I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.(P2)【句子解构】【深度分析】这是一个主从复合句,when引导时间状语从句;主句包含一个定语从句,修饰先行词man。由于关系代词who/that在从句中作宾语,被省略了。【参考译文】当我的英语老师走进教室时,我惊讶地发现他就是我先前遇到的那个人。一、句子的基本成分 句子的基本成分包括:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、宾语补足语(object complement)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语
35、(adverbial modifier)和同位语(appositive)及独立成分。二、基本句型 按照结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫作简单句。简单句有五种基本句型:语法精讲突破1.主语+谓语(S+V)这种句式是英语中最简单的句式,句中的动词大多为不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。The moon rose.月亮升起来了。The temperature has changed.温度变了。It snowed heavily this winter.今年冬天雪下得很大。2.主语+谓语十宾语(S+V
36、+O)英语中绝大多数及物动词只带一个宾语,这种动词叫单宾语及物动词。常见的单宾语及物动词有:accept,borrow,cover,defeat,defend,destroy,discover,enjoy,explain,forget,invent,love,post,raise,supply,use等。We are learning English.我们正在学习英语。She has accepted the job.她接受了这项工作。I dont know how to get there.我不知道怎么去那儿。3.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)(1)系动词的三分类:表示“保持或状态”类的有
37、:be,remain,stay,keep,prove等;表示“变化”类的有:grow,turn,get,become,fall,go,come等;表示“感官”类的有:look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,feel等。Mans love of wonder is the seed of our science.人类对于不可思议之事物的爱好,是我们科学的根本。(2)可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如:In order to keep healthy,he takes exercise everyday.为了保持健康,他每天锻炼。L
38、eaves turned yellow.树叶变黄了。He became a teacher of English.他成了一名英语教师。【疑难点拨】使用系动词应注意:没有被动语态;一般没有进行时(除了feel以外);有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词,如:keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell等。The pet dog keeps clean.It is kept by Johnson.宠物狗很干净。它由约翰逊饲养。(keeps是系动词而kept是及物动词)4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)有些及物动词,如:bring,buy,give,lend,offe
39、r,pass,send,show,tell等,可以有两个宾语,这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。Mr Li told us an interesting story.=Mr Li told an interesting story to us.李老师给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事。(us为间接宾语,an interesting story 为直接宾语)Her mother bought her a skirt.=Her mother bought a skirt for her.她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。(her为间接宾语,a skirt 为直接宾语)【疑难点拨】如果直接宾
40、语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前,那么两个宾语之间有一个介词(to,for等)。5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)有些及物动词只带宾语句子意义仍不完整,还需要带一个补足语来进一步说明宾语的情况,从而使句子意思完整明确。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。The death of the doctor made us very sad.那位医生的离世令我们非常难过。My mother asked me to clean my room.妈妈让我打扫我的房间。I will have all my clothes
41、 washed this afternoon.今天下午我将把所有衣服都洗完。We all call the baby Sara.我们都叫这个婴儿萨拉。【疑难点拨】用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的结构。We make it a rule to get up at 6:30 am.我们制定了一个早上6:30起床的规则。6.There be句型该句式主要用来表达“(某处)有某物、某人或某事”,there无实际意义。be动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的名词或代词一致。be动词还可以用stand,live,remain,exist等替换,用来表示静止、存在等
42、概念。There is a writing desk,a computer and piles of books in the room.屋子里有一张写字台、一台计算机和成堆的书。There lives a family of five upstairs.楼上住着一个五口之家。There stands the Statue of Liberty at New York Harbour.自由女神像矗立在纽约港口。【联想空间】不同形式的there be句型:There used to be.曾经有There is/are going to be.将有There will be.将有There has been.已有本课结束
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