1、阅读理解二轮训练（1）社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2013辽宁,D)改编“Indeed,” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785,“some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.”But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that,Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more
2、than a century,and Americans had already created lightning-bug (萤火虫).But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language,leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person,referring to someone who was crazy
3、 about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term,sports fans used to be called racing bugs,baseball bugs,and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object,for example,a bug-shaped car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm,from which comes the expression to bug,that is,“to ins
4、tall (安装) an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to cheat”,and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates
5、 back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discoveringa bug in his invented record p
6、layer.”1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eigh
7、teenth century2.What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?()A.Explanation.B.Finding.C.Origin.D.Fault.3.The passage is mainly concerned with .A.the misunderstanding of the word bugB.the development of the word bugC.the public views of the word bugD.the special characteristics of t
8、he word bug语篇解读:本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了bug一词的不同含义及发展过程。答案及剖析:1.D推理判断题。华盛顿在18世纪用到这个词的时候,英国人已经使用该词一个多世纪了,由此可知,18世纪时,两个国家都在使用这个词,故D项正确。文章并未提到美国人在学习使用bug方面存在困难,排除A项;英国人在华盛顿使用该词之前已经用过这个词了,根据第一段中的“But the father of America was not the father of bug.”排除B项;根据第一段最后一句可排除C项。2.D词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“That meaning dates back to
9、the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties”可以判断出D项正确。A项意为“解释”;B项意为“发现”;C项意为“来源”;D项意为“故障;缺陷”。3.B主旨大意题。概括全文,我们不难看出文章向我们介绍bug一词的发展过程以及不同含义,故B项符合文章主旨。A项意为“对bug一词的误解”;C项意为“大众对bug一词的看法”;D项意为“bug一词的特殊之处”,均不能概括出全文内容。【疑难词汇解读】refer v. referredreferring refer to 提到
10、,谈到We agreed never to refer to the matter again.我们同意永远不再提这件事。【长难句子分析】But soon , .但不久英国人就不再在他们的语言中使用bug了,留给美国人在19、20世纪继续把臭虫称为bug。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Elevenyearold twins Luke and Ryan Novolsel of Wilmette，Illinois，had a goal. The fifthgraders wanted to set a Guinness world record.
11、Ryan Novolsel and his twin brother Luke hope that Guinness World Records will recognize their school for having the most sets of twins in a single grade. Some of their friends had already tried to jump on a pogo stick longer than anyone else. One even attempted to produce the loudest burp(打嗝). But n
12、one of them came close. Then Luke and Ryan realized that there were lots of other twins in their grade at Highcrest Middle School. They did a full count，and were amazed to discover 24 sets of twins in all.“We were absolutely shocked，”Luke and Ryans mother，Nancy Fendley，told the Associated Press. The
13、 boys figured they now had their Guinness record：most pairs of twins in one grade. The current record is 16 pairs，and is shared by Valley Southwoods Freshman High School in Iowa，Staples High School in Connecticut，and Maine South High School in Illinois.Earlier this year，Luke and Ryanwith help from t
14、heir parentssent an application to Guinness. They added birth certificates，photos，and proof that all of the sets of twins attend Highcrest Middle School. They expected to hear back in several weeks on whether they actually set a new world record.Since 1980，twin birth rates have more than doubled in
15、the United States，according to the Centers for Disease Control(CDC). The age of mothers has gone up over the years，and women in their 30s are more likely to give birth to twins. In 2009，one in every 30 infants was born a twin，compared with one in 53 infants in 1980.For Highcrest Middle School，the ri
16、se in twin births could be a ticket into the record books. Dave Palzet，the schools principal，said he is proud of his students effort.“I think it is wonderful that they have taken it on themselves to research and work with the world record officials to obtain this great honor for Highcrest Middle Sch
17、ool，”he said.【解题导语】Luke和Ryan发现他们学校有二十四对双胞胎，他们向吉尼斯世界纪录提交了申请，希望创造一项一所学校单年级双胞胎最多的世界纪录。1According to Paragraph 2，what Luke and Ryans friends did shows that _Athey really have a gift for doing sportsBthey are interested in setting a Guinness world recordCthey have tried many things to inspire Luke and Ry
18、anDthey are trying their best to help the twins set a world record答案B推理判断题。根据第二段的Some of their.came close.可知Luke和Ryan的一些朋友已经尝试过创造一些世界纪录了，故可推断他们对创造世界纪录很感兴趣。2From Nancy Fendleys response in Paragraph 3，we infer that Luke and Ryan _Ahad thought they were the only twins at their schoolBdidnt expect ther
19、e were so many twins at their schoolCthought there would be at most 16 pairs of twins at their schoolDfelt disappointed when they figured out the number of twins at their school答案B推理判断题。根据第三段的“We were.told the Associated Press.可知这对双胞胎没有料到他们学校里有这么多双胞胎。”3We know that compared to over thirty years ago，
20、now in America _Amothers tend to give birth to babies in their early 20sBmothers are less likely to give birth in their 30sCmothers are more likely to give birth to twinsDmothers want to have more kids答案C细节理解题。根据第五段的In 2009，one.in 53 infants in 1980.可知跟三十多年前相比，现在双胞胎出生率更高。4What is Dave Palzets attitu
21、de toward his students effort?AAngry. BWorried.CIndifferent. DSupportive.答案D推理判断题。根据末段的“I think it is wonderful.Highcrest Middle School，”he said.可推断Dave Palzet支持学生们的行为。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Hong Kong is the worlds shark fin capital. But a backlash(强烈抵制) from environmentalists and
22、consumer groups is pressuring restaurants to stop serving dishes containing the shark fin.Around 50 percent of all shark fins worldwide are traded through Hong Kong. In 2008，around 10，000 tons of fins from 87 countries passed through the citys ports. For environmentalists like Stanley Shea of French
23、founded Bloom Association，that must change. He is trying to raise awareness in Hong Kong. Shea and his fellow activists have been quite effective. Over the last two years governments in Hong Kong and mainland China，as well as big corporations and hotel chains，have announced they will take shark fin
24、soup off their menus and banquets.It is in Hong Kongs Sheung Wan District that a lot of the shark fin trade happens. Here the local marineproduct industry is suffering. Inside the small shops merchants talk freely about shark fins they sell these days. But in front of a camera nobody wants to mentio
25、n shark fins；it is just too sensitive，they say. Not far away，at restaurant Lin Heung Kui，shark fin soup is a common dish on the menu. Around lunchtime，it is mostly the elderly and tourists who visit the place.Shark fin soup has been the food of the rich and wealthy for hundreds of years in China. Bu
26、t times are slowly changing，said Veranica Mak，an anthropologist(人类学家) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong，who researches eating habits.“Not consuming shark fins becomes a kind of signifier to show you are a socially responsible person. In the past，when you wanted to show your social status，people
27、 made shark fins a signifier in a banquet，but nowadays this signifier changes，”she said.Stanley Shea said young people were increasingly interested in social responsibility. He said that helped make his campaign a success in Hong Kong.【解题导语】香港可以说是世界鱼翅交易中心，但随着人们对鱼翅消费的强烈抵制，香港的鱼翅交易量下降了。1By saying Hong
28、Kong is the worlds shark fin capital，the author means _Aalmost all people in Hong Kong love eating shark finsBHong Kong has the longest history of trading shark finsCmany of the worlds shark fins are traded in Hong KongDrestaurants in Hong Kong provide the most dishes of shark fins答案C推理判断题。根据第二段的Aro
29、und 50.Hong Kong.可推断作者说香港是鱼翅之都是因为世界上大概一半的鱼翅交易是在那里完成的，故选C。2What is Stanley Shea of Frenchfounded Bloom Association doing in Hong Kong?AMaking the government of Hong Kong know the harm of consuming shark fins.BAsking merchants to trade shark fins somewhere else instead of in Hong Kong.CWarning people
30、of the harm to their health of eating shark fins.DFighting against shark fin consumption by raising awareness.答案D细节理解题。根据第二段的In 2008，.in Hong Kong.可知Stanley Shea在香港唤起民众抵抗鱼翅交易的意识，以此来抵制鱼翅交易。3Merchants dont like mentioning shark fins in front of a camera because _Athey are too sad to talk about themBth
31、ey are too angry to talk about this topicCthe topic is too sensitive for them to talk aboutDthey have been commanded not to talk about them答案C细节理解题。根据第三段的But in front.just too sensitive，they say.可知他们不愿意在摄像机前谈论鱼翅是因为这个话题太敏感了。4 It is implied in Paragraph 4 that nowadays in Hong Kong _Athe role of shark
32、 fins has changedBonly wealthy people like eating shark finsCpeople consume shark fins in a secret wayDpeople dont know much about shark fins答案A推理判断题。根据第四段的In the past，.this signifier changes可知鱼翅在香港人们的生活中扮演的角色已经变了。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁题材词数难度建议用时记叙文家庭教育3177分钟My daughter has been
33、 in karate (空手道) since the first grade，and has been in high honor and gifted classes her whole life.She is always a joy，and at 15，though people tell me we should be fighting and she should be hanging out at malls and chasing boys，she is none of that.My 11yearold son，Tom，for years would fight with me
34、 over everything.If I said the sky was blue，he would say it was black.For years he was failing several subjects.We took games away and then TV; we tried a reward program，but nothing worked long.He would bring a grade up to get his stuff (物品) back，and then go back to where he had been.My daughter tol
35、d me one day to bring him to her karate class，and maybe life in the martial arts (武术) would help him turn around.At first he didnt like it because he had to ask permission to do anything，and he had to say “yes，sir” and “no，sir” for everything.He even had to respect his sister，because she was of a hi
36、gh rank.So he wanted to stop.However，my husband told our son，“If I can do this at 40 something years old，so can you.”And then I would take my whole family three or four times a week to learn martial arts.My son learned so much about a better way of living：respecting others，following the rules，and ab
37、ove all respecting himself.I am proud to say both of my kids are now high honor students，and we could not be closer than we are.There is always an answer to your problem.If you do your research or just ask another person，or even a kid for help，you will find it.And when it comes to our kids，the right
38、 answer is always worth finding.【解题导语】作者通过自己的经历告诉父母们，在教育孩子的过程中遇到困难不要放弃，只要努力总会找到解决问题的办法。1Before Tom learned karate，_Ahe didnt have a good sense of colorBhis parents had tried many ways to change himChe studied very hard to please his parentsDhe didnt show any interest in physical exercise答案B考查推理判断。根据
39、第一段内容可知，作者曾经试过很多办法改变儿子，但是都不奏效。2How many people in the writers family learned karate?AOne. BTwo. CThree. DFour.答案C考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句和第二段的最后两句可知，作者家里学习空手道的有三个人：她的丈夫和两个孩子。3Tom didnt like his karate class at first because _Ait was too hard for himBhe thought he was too youngChe didnt get much freedomDhe ha
40、ted being in the same class as his sister答案C考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句可知，Tom刚开始不喜欢空手道课因为在空手道课堂上，Tom做任何事情都需要得到许可，言外之意没有太多的自由。4What is the biggest benefit that Tom has got from learning karate?AHe has learned to respect himself.BHe has learned to follow the rules.CHe has been closer to his family.DHe has become a high honor student.答案A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“above all respecting himself”可知，对于Tom来说，最重要的是学会了尊重他自己。
