1、Unit 2 Improving yourselfUsing language语法精讲深化学习过去完成时的被动语态(Past perfect passive)【情境探究】观察上面的对话,并画出下列教材原句中与上面对话时态相同的部分。【要义祥析】一、过去完成时的被动语态的构成1.过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式:had+been+done。*The task had been finished before 12:00 yesterday.昨天12点之前这项任务已经完成了。2.过去完成时的被动语态的否定式:had+not+been+done。*The task hadnt been finished
2、 before 12:00 yesterday.昨天12点之前这项任务还没完成。3.过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将had提到主语的前面。*Had the task been finished before 12:00 yesterday?昨天12点之前这项任务完成了吗?4.过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+been+done。*How many words had been learned by the last term?到上学期为止学了多少单词?二、过去完成时的被动语态的用法1.当before,when,by the time,until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一
3、般过去时,以及by,before后接过去的时间时,主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。*By the time he got to the school,the first period had been finished.他到学校时,第一节课已经结束了。*The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前教室还没有打扫过。*How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁
4、?*Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?新计划会前讨论过吗?2.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时的被动语态。*They said the production costs had been reduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。*The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.有人提醒那个男孩,他的作业还没交。*The media reported more th
5、an 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.据媒体报道,地震已造成1 000多人死亡。3.在It was the first/second/.time that.从句中,主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。*It was the second time that his smartphone had been stolen.这是他的智能手机第二次被盗。4.在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去的事实相反,且主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。例如:*If I had been invited earlier,I would
6、 have gone with you.如果我早点被邀请,我会和你一起去的。5.根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。*As the assignment had been done,he went on to search the Internet.作业完成后,他继续在网上搜索。*He did what he had been told to.他做了别人叫他做的事。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Martin felt that cold water _(throw)on his plans after everyone laughed at his intentions.(2)Wh
7、en Li Ming hurried home,he found that his mother _(send)tohospital.(3)George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to the wedding?No,I _(invite).(4)A new app for learning English _(design)by the end of last week.had been thrownhad been senthadnt been invitedhad been designed(5)The police found t
8、hat the house _(break)into and a lot of things stolen.(6)By the time the tornado ended,more than 700 people _(kill).(7)By the end of last year,another magic design _(complete).(8)Another planet _(discover)by the end of last year.(9)The injured man _(accept)by the hospital staff so he had to leave.(1
9、0)The fish _(cook)properly,so we sent it back to the kitchen.had been brokenhad been killedhad been completedhad been discoveredhadnt been acceptedhadnt been cooked【名师点津】过去完成时的主动语态变被动语态过去完成时的主动语态:主语+had+过去分词We had finished learning Book 1 till last week.过去完成时的被动语态:主语+had been+过去分词Book 1 had been fin
10、ished learning(by us)till last week.主题活动话题实践Improving behavior.话题词汇1.put the litter into a rubbish bin把垃圾放进垃圾箱2.keep the grass looking really neat保持草坪整洁3.politely remind them礼貌地提醒他们4.be considerate of others为他人着想5.ask them to stop叫他们住手6.promote values education推广价值观教育7.inspire students to work hard激
11、励学生努力学习8.build a culture of honesty建立一种诚实文化9.offer effective advice or ideas提供有效的建议或想法10.develop effective solutions制定有效的解决方案.话题情境选择恰当的选项完成对话。马路上,Max和George正要过马路。Max:Lets cross here.George:Youre kidding.Well never make it across in one piece!Lets _.Max:Now we have to _ to the end of the street.Georg
12、e:If you _,be my guest.I dont feel like dodging cars and scooters!A.want to cross hereB.walk all the way downC.cross at the lightCBA.情境句式1.They left two weeks ago,that is,on July 27.他们是两星期前,也就是7月27日走的。2.Let me clarify my intentions.让我阐明我的目的。3.For instance,we used to have hobbies.例如,我们过去有爱好。4.I mean
13、I want you to help me.我是说,我想要你帮我。5.Take my brother Jim as an illustration;he used to work as a high-tech personnel in a firm.以我哥哥吉姆为例,他以前在一家公司做高科技人员。6.To put it another way,what are you trying to forget?换句话说,你想要忘记的是什么?.情境交流Tom和Peter正在谈论关于孩子的行为问题。Tom:1._(让我阐述)what I really meant.2._(我可以举几个例子).3._(例如)
14、,allow your children to choose what clothes they wear at the weekend.They will be concerned to do the right thingto dress properly.Peter:Yes,it is good to let your children make some of the small decisions concerning their daily routine.4._(换句话说),the knowledge they learn as a child wont depart from them.Let me clarifyI can give a couple ofexamplesFor instanceTo put it another wayTom:Thats right.By that 5._(我的意思是说)that people need time to accustom themselves to new ways of thinking about things.I mean本课结束
