1、Section Reading and Thinking课文清障THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENTChina is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.【1】 There are many reasons why this has been poss
2、ible，【2】 but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.【1】which引导的定语从句修饰先行词its ancient civilisation。【2】关系副词why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reasons，同时why在从句中作原因状语。At the beginning, written Chinese was a picturebased language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu animal bones and
3、 shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.【3】 Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in todays hanzi.【3】“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词animal bones and shells。which指代animal bones and shells。By the Shang Dynasty (around 16001046 BCE), these symbols had become a welldeveloped writing
4、system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically， leading to many varieties of dialects21 and characters22.【4】 This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221207 BCE)【4】as引导原因状语从句，该从句中包含一个“it is/was a
5、 time when.”句型，意为“这是一个的时代/时刻”，其中when引导定语从句，修饰a time。ving短语leading to. characters作结果状语。Emperor23 Qinshihuang united24 the seven major25 states into one unified26 country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction27.【5】 That writing system was of great importance28 in uniting t
6、he Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，【6】 they can all still communicate in writing. 【5】where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one unified country, where在从句中作地点状语。【6】“no matter特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句，what前省略了no matter。Written Chinese has also become an important
7、means29 by which Chinas present is connected with its past.【7】 People in modern times can read the classic30 works31 which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard32 for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese
8、calligraphy33， which has become an important part of Chinese culture.【8】【7】“介词bywhich”引导的定语从句修饰先行词an important means。【8】该句是一个较复杂的主从复合句。The high regard是主语；介词短语for. system修饰主语。关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰先行词an art form。Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China pla
9、ys a greater role in34 global affairs35，【9】 an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate36 Chinas culture and history through this amazing37 language.【9】As在此引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。词语积累connect/knekt/v. 连接connect A to/with/and B 把A与B连接起来widely/wadli/adv.广泛地be known for(be famous
10、 for)因而闻名be known/famous as.作为而闻名civilisation/svlazen/n. 文明；文明世界 civilise v. 教化，开化；使文明 civilised adj. 文明的all the way through 一直以来，自始至终despite/dspat/prep. 即使；尽管(in spite of.)ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱factor/fkt(r)/n. 因素；要素base/bes/vt. 以为据点；以为基础 n. 底部；根据based/best/adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以为重要部分(或特征)的picturebased a
11、dj. 以图画为基础的date back (to.) 追溯到bone/bn/n. 骨头；骨(质)shell/el/n. 壳；壳状物symbol/smbl/n. 符号；象征symbolic adj. 象征性的symbolise v. 象征，代表carve/kv/vt.&vi. 雕刻dynasty/dnsti/n. 王朝；朝代welldeveloped adj. 健全的；发展良好的develop into 发展成divide/dvad/v. (使)分开，分割，分成divide sth. into. 把某物分成geographically/dirfkli/adv. 地理上地geographical/
12、dirfkl/adj. 地理的geography/dirfi/n. 地理(学)；地形variety/vrati/n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化；(同一事物的)不同种类，多种式样a variety ofvarieties ofvarious 多种多样的21dialect/dalekt/n. 地方话；方言22character/krkt(r)/n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点Chinese character 汉字23emperor/empr(r)/n. 皇帝24unite/junat/v. 统一；联合，团结united adj. 联合的，统一的；团结的25major/med(r)/
13、adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究major in 主修26unify/junfa/v. 统一；(使)成一体27in one direction 朝着一个方向28be of great importancebe very important 非常重要“of抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。29means/minz/n. 方式；方法；途径(pl. means)by means of. 用手段30classic/klsk/adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n. 经典作品；名著classical adj. 经典的；古典的；传统的31work n. C
14、著作，作品classic works 经典作品32regard/rd/n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把视为；看待33calligraphy/klrfi/n. 书法，书法艺术34play a. role in 在中扮演角色(role可换为part)35global affairs 全球事务global/lbl/adj. 全球的；全世界的affair/fe(r)/n. 公共事务；事件36appreciate/priiet/vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；增值37amazing/mez/adj. 惊人的；令人惊喜的amazed adj. 大为惊奇的
15、人物小传秦始皇(前259年前210年)，嬴姓，赵氏，名政，是中国历史上著名的政治家、战略家、改革家，是完成华夏大一统的铁腕政治人物，也是中国第一个称皇帝的君主。秦始皇建立了一个以汉族为主体的统一的中央集权的强大国家秦朝。课文翻译汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在中国因其古文明而广为人知，虽然古文明在历史上有盛衰起伏，但它成功传承到了现代。这其中有多重原因，不过一个主要因素就是汉字的书写体系。起初，汉字是一种基于图画的语言，它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期古代中国人民将符号刻在动物骨头和壳上。有些古代的符号在今天的汉字当中仍可见到。到商朝的时候(约公元前1600公元前1046年)，这些符号已经形成一
16、个高度发达的书写体系。多年的发展历程里，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，产生了许多不同种类的方言和文字，因此这个体系形成了不同的形式。不过，秦朝(公元前221207年)皇帝秦始皇统治时期，这一现象有所改变。秦始皇统一七国，中国的书写体系由此开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有极大的重要性。即便在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。汉字书写也成为连接中国的过去与现在的一种重要手段。现代人能阅读古代中国人创作的经典作品。中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中，汉字作为一种艺术形式，被熟知为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重
17、要组成部分。今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。Step 文本整体理解：理清文章架构Brief introduction China is widely known for its ancient civilisation because of the Chinese writing 1.At the beginningWritten Chinese was a picturebased language 2. on animal bones and shells.By the
18、 Shang DynastyThese symbols had developed into different forms， and led to many 3. of dialects and characters.In the Qin DynastySeven major states were united into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.Historic importanceWritten Chinese has become an importan
19、t 4. connecting Chinas present with its past， and an art form called Chinese calligraphy.Todays importanceAn increasing number of international students are beginning to 5. Chinas culture.Step 文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息1.What is the first written Chinese like?AIt is a kind of picture painted on longgu.BIt can
20、date back to the Shang Dynasty.CIt is a symbol carved on animal bones and shells.DIt has a variety of dialects.2Which of the following is true except_.AWritten Chinese has a long history of more than 3,600 yearsBWritten Chinese has different forms beforeCForeign people much like Chinas culture and h
21、istory nowDThe ancient symbol language cant be seen in todays hanzi3The passage expresses that China has continued its civilisation all the way because_.AChina plays a great role in global affairsBthe Chinese writing system connects Chinas present with its pastCthe Chinese writing system can unite t
22、he Chinese peopleDQin Shihuang made the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction第一版块|核心单词1.despite prep.不管；尽管(in spite of)(教材P62). despite the many ups and downs in its history.尽管历史跌宕起伏。even if 即使；尽管(连词词组，后跟从句)regardless of 不管，不顾(介词短语)Trouble can arise despite forming a good relation
23、ship.尽管建立了很好的关系，问题还是会出现。She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。Our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational background.我们俱乐部对每个人都开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。 即学即练单句语法填空/同义句转换_ their many differences, all human beings share several defining char
24、acteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.Despite _ (apply) for hundreds of jobs, he hasnt found one.Even _ you exercise for only 30 minutes every day, it will be good for your health.Although she was disabled, she became a brilliant pianist.She became a brilliant
25、 pianist _ her disability.despite用法归纳：尽管despitev.ing()despitewhat从句()despite the factthat从句()despitethat从句()词语用法：despite和in spite of是(短语)介词，其后接名词(短语)，不接that从句。Despite the terrible weather, we continued to work in the field.尽管天气恶劣，我们继续在田里干活。In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to vis
26、it Oxford.尽管多次被邀请，他总是会拒绝去游览牛津。 2.base vt.以为据点；以为基础 n底部；基部；基地；基础based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以为重要部分(或特征)的basis n基础basic adj.基本的，基础的；初级的；必需的basically adv.基本上；从根本上说(教材P62)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picturebased language.汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。(1)base.on/upon.be based on 以为基础/根据be based on/upon. 基于；以为基础(2)
27、at the base of. 在底部on the basis of 以为基础the air base 空军基地(3)based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以为重要部分(或特征)的the USbased customer service 总部在美国的客户服务部computerbased teaching 计算机化教学The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann.这部电影是根据托马斯曼的短篇小说改编而成的。Our opinion is based on facts.我们的观点是以事实为基础的。At the base of the pine
28、tree was a nest containing four eggs.在松树底下有一个窝，里面有四个鸡蛋。 即学即练单句语法填空_ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later._ (base) on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.A lot of business is still done
29、over the phone, and much of it is based _ trust and existing relationships.They settled down _ the base of the mountain.The research group produced two reports _ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.归纳拓展：be based on a true story以一个真实的故事为基础on the daily basis每天on an equal
30、 basis在平等的基础上a basic factor一个基本的因素base sth. in.将设在base ones opinions on facts以事实为依据发表观点have a broad base of the masses有广泛的群众基础a strong financial base雄厚的财政基础词语积累：baseicbasic adj.基本的，基础的；初级的；必需的basicallybasically adv.基本上；从根本上说3.symbol n符号；记号；代号；象征；标志；标志物(教材P62)It dates back several thousand years to t
31、he use of longguanimal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.这要追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用动物骨头和贝壳，中国古代人在上面刻上了符号。 即学即练单句语法填空As cultural _ (symbol) go, the American car is quite young.Another way to hide a message is to use _ (symbol) to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.常见
32、搭配：a cultural symbol文化象征the symbol of power力量的象征the symbol of peace和平的象征a symbol of hope希望的化身4.variety n(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化vary v变化various adj.各种各样的varied adj.各种各样的(教材P62).leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。a variety ofvarieties of 各种各样的vary between.and. 在两种情况之间变化/更迭交
33、替vary from.to 从到不等；在到之间变化vary in 在方面有差异vary with 随而变化There are a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。A variety of his books have been published and the variety of his writings is surprising.他的不同种类的书已经被出版，他的作品的多样化是令人惊讶的。Many of these factors vary from city to city and region to regio
34、n.许多要素因城市和地区的差异而有所不同。 即学即练单句语法填空If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and _ (vary)For Chinese people, there _ (be) a variety of activities to celebrate the traditional festivals.He is always coming late for class for _ (vary) reasons.Our country _ (vary) widely i
35、n tradition from one area to another.误区警示：各种各样的花various flowers()a variety of flowers()a variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；the variety of.“的品种”，后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。5.character n文字；符号；性格，品格；特点；人物，角色characteristic n特点，特征 adj.典型的，独特的Chinese characters 汉字cartoon characters 卡通人物the Chinese character 中国人的
36、性格a man of good character 品德高尚的人in character 符合的个性；在性格方面out of character 不符合的个性We are good friends and we are much alike in characters.我们是好朋友，性格也很相似。What else could make him behave so out of character?还有什么能使他的行为如此不符合他的性格呢？As you know, playing pingpong can not only build up your body but also shape y
37、our character.正如你所知，打乒乓球不仅能锻炼你的身体，还能塑造你的性格。 即学即练写出character在下列句中的意思/完成句子Mr. Brown loves to study Chinese characters._Shakespeare made his characters live through their language in his plays._We should take measures to preserve the character of the old town._Though he seems a little weak, he has a st
38、rong character._It would be very _ (不符合的个性)for her to lie.归纳拓展：have a strong/weak character个性强/不强play a character扮演角色a major/minor character in the book书中的主要/次要人物the character of the nearby area附近地区的特色be characteristic of是的特色the major causes of cancer引发癌症的主要原因a major earthquake大地震a major problem重大问题
39、一言助记：He described the character of the character he played with two characters.他用两个字描述了他扮演的那个角色的性格。6.major adj.重要的；严重的；重大的 vi.主修；专门研究 n主修课程；主修学生majorly adv.极度地；极其地；非常majority n大多数；大部分(教材P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.秦王统一七个诸侯国major in 主修the majority of
40、 大多数the vast majority 绝大多数be in the/a majority 占大多数She is a history major.Her major is history.她主修历史。I major in Chemistry.我主修化学。Yet the majority of these employees have no voice, especially when it comes to their own safety.然而，这些雇员大多数没有发言权，特别是当涉及他们自己的安全时。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Li Ming wants to major _ phys
41、ics at college.Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the _ (major) of the citizens are natives.Fortunately, he was accepted by _ (一家大公司)after graduating from college.Their victory in America was still remembered as _ (一个重要的转折点)in the history of rock and roll.我有语言天赋，因此我在大学的主修专业是英语。I have
42、a gift for language, so _ is English.I have a gift for language, so I _ in college.归纳拓展：a major factor一个主要的因素a major problem/obstacle一个主要的问题/障碍a major change一个很大的变化a major city一个主要的城市a major incident一个重大事件 7.means n方式；方法；途径(教材P62)Written Chinese has also become an important means.汉字也成为一个重要媒介means of
43、 (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法by this means 通过这种方式by means of 依靠方法，借助手段by no meansnot.by any means 一点儿也不，决不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)by all means 可以，当然行，没问题(常用于口语交际中)Is there any means of contacting him？有没有什么办法和他取得联系？We are likely to finish the task ahead of time by means of our hard work.凭借努力工作我们可能会提前完成任务。Do you min
44、d if I have a look？我看一眼行吗？By all means.当然可以。By no means can we give in to the enemy.我们决不会向敌人投降。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The cow was their only _ (途径) of support, in fact.Homework should not be used as _ means of controlling children.We needed to get to London but we had no means _ transport.You should learn
45、English words by heart. Only _ this way can you enlarge your vocabulary.Can I come and have a look at your new house?Yes, _(当然可以)!For the deaf and dumb couple the only _ (交流的方法) is sign language.While modeling business is _ (一点儿也不)easy to get into, good models will always be in demand.我们绝不能半途而废。By n
46、o means _ halfway.误区警示：means单复数同形。作主语时由其修饰词来决定谓语动词的单复数。一言辨异：All the possible means have been tried, but not a means has worked.所有可能的办法都用过了，但一个也没奏效。同类词比较：by.means以的方式in.way以的方式in.manner以的方式with.method以的方式approach to (doing) sth.(做)的方法表示“用某一方法”时，可用by this means，in this way，with this method等。学法点拨：Every
47、/Each/One means单数谓语动词其他All/Several/Some/Many/Few means复数谓语动词其他All possible means have been tried, but we still cant solve the problem.Every possible means has been tried, but we still cant solve the problem.所有的方法都试了，但是我们仍然没有解决这个难题。佳句赏析：Regarding air pollution, we still have a long way to go.关于空气污染，我
48、们还有很长的路要走。8regard vt.认为；看作；尊重；考虑 n常pl.问候；致意；尊重；注意；关心regarding prep.关于；有关(教材P62)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen.中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在regard.as 把看作；认为是have high regard for 钦佩hold sb.in high regard 敬重某人give ones regards to 代向问候with/in regard to 关于；有关We always regard him as a fri
49、end, but he showed his colours in the current emergency.我们一直把他看作朋友，但在当前的紧急关头，他原形毕露了。I have a high regard for Tom because hes so wonderful.我很敬重汤姆，因为他是一个很不错的人。Please give my regards to your parents.请代我向您的父母问好。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ (regard) as one of the
50、best allround forms of exercise.Please give my _ (regard) to your mother if you see her.He has no regard _ other peoples feeling.Mountains are regarded _ spiritual places by many cultures.Whats your opinion _ (regard) shopping online?I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. _ (关于) the
51、 party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.9.global adj.全球的；全世界的globe n球体；球状物；地球仪globally adv.全球地(教材P62)As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of.随着中国在全球事务中起着更大的作用，越来越多的global warming全球变暖 the global ecology全球的生态global changes in climate全球气候变化 the global economy全球
52、经济Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.全球变暖正在对全世界的数百种植物和动物产生很大的影响。(have a great effect on对有很大影响)It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.很明显，大量咖啡种植的方式影响了生
53、活的多个方面，从当地的环境到全球的生态。(much coffee is grown是省略了关系词that或in which的定语从句，修饰way) 即学即练单句语法填空I hope to travel around the _(global)Climate change is a _ (globe) problem.China plays a key role in the _ (globe) economy.易混词语比较：affair通常指重大事情或事件，或事务、活动等多用复数，也可指小事incident指历史上突发/偶发重要的事件/事变或日常小事accident指事故matter常指麻烦事
54、。意指“事情，问题，困难，毛病，麻烦等”event指具有重大意义的大事或比赛项目10.affair n公共事务；事件；关系(教材P62)As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of.随着中国在全球事务中起着更大的作用，越来越多的political affairs政治事件 international affairs国际事件private/personal affairs私事 family affairs家务事Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部 a public affai
55、r一件公事the department of foreign affairs外交部门 current affairs时事state affairs国家大事We must leave the children to solve their affairs themselves.我们必须让孩子们自己解决他们的事情。Young people should care about international affairs.年轻人应该关心国际事务。I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.我很清楚地
56、记得在一个下雨的周日下午发生的一件事。 即学即练辨析填空(matter, affair, event, incident)It is a _ of no account.I cant say which wine is the best. Its a(n) _ of personal taste.They have no right to interfere in the domestic _ of Iran.The important _ of the week was the big storm.Our team won the silver medal in this _.On the
57、very day before I left, a(n) _ occurred.There were several _ on the frontier between the two nations in the 1950s.词语链接：以al结尾的形容词：globe n地球global adj.全球的nation n国家national adj.国家的music n音乐musical adj.音乐的person n人personal adj.个人的nature n自然natural adj.自然的tradition n传统traditional adj.传统的11.appreciate vt
58、.感谢；感激；欣赏；赏识；鉴赏；理解；明白 vi.增值appreciation n感谢；感激；欣赏；赏识；理解；领会appreciative adj.感激的；表示赞赏的(教材P62).international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history.国际学生开始欣赏中国的文化和历史(1)appreciate music 欣赏音乐appreciate your help 感激你的帮助(2)show appreciation to 向表示感激in appreciation of/for. 感谢He appre
59、ciates your ability.他赏识你的才能。We appreciate your helping us.我们对你们给予我们的帮助表示感谢。Houses will appreciate in value.房产会升值。归纳拓展：appreciate your ability to solve problems欣赏你解决问题的能力appreciate (ones) doing sth.感激(某人)做某事fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise充分认识到经常锻炼的重要性 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I appreciate _
60、 (give) the chance to work in your company two years ago.Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.I wish to express my _ (appreciate) for your kindness.We would appreciate your _ (let) us know of any problems._ (如果我将不胜感激)you could give me some instructions on
61、how to learn chemistry.He _ (向表示感谢)those who gave him encouragement and help when he was in trouble.名师点津：appreciate不能直接跟从句，须先接形式宾语it，再接从句，构成I would appreciate it if.句型。用法类似的词还有hate, love, like, dislike等。第二版块|重要短语1.date back to追溯到 (date fromgo back to)(教材P62)It dates back several thousand years to th
62、e use of longgu.它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期a law dating back to the 17th century自17世纪起沿用至今的一条法律学法点拨(1)date back后接表示一段时间的名词。date back to相当于date from，后接时间点。The history of their family dates back hundreds of years and the house where they live dates back to the 18th century.他们的家族已有几百年的历史，他们住的房子始建于18世纪。(2)date ba
63、ck to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态，但在句中可以用现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。Cambridge dating back to the 13th century is the university in Britain which many students dream about.剑桥大学建于13世纪，是许多学生梦寐以求的英国大学。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can date back _ between 3,000 a
64、nd 5,000 years ago.The old building _ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is still in good condition.Its a tradition that _ (date) back at least 300 years.The skills of cooking in China can _(追溯)thousands of years.My family has a vase, _ (据说可追溯到)the Ming Dynasty.巨石阵是世界上最著名的史前遗迹之一，可追溯到5 000多年前。Stonehenge
65、 is one of the worlds most famous prehistoric monuments _ over 5,000 years.Stonehenge is one of the worlds most famous prehistoric monuments _ over 5,000 years ago.易混易错比较：date back to/date from表示具体时间的名词date back表示一段时间的名词/时间段(1)The classic architecture can date back to the 12th century.这座古典建筑可以追溯到12世
66、纪。The classic architecture can date back 900 years (to the 12th century)这座古典建筑可以追溯900年(到12世纪)。(2)The legend dates back to three hundred years ago.这个传说可以追溯到三百年前。The legend dates back three hundred years.这个传说可以上溯300年。2ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱up and down 上上下下；前前后后；到处；来来往往ups and downs of life 人生的起起落落ups a
67、nd downs of ones career 事业的兴衰ups and downs of a country 国家的荣辱It is a fact that life is full of ups and downs.人生充满了起起落落，这是一个事实。Creators can deal with ups and downs of life wisely.创造者可以明智地处理人生的起起落落。 即学即练完成句子Mr. White surely has had his _ (兴衰) of his career.He succeeded at last despite so many _ (起起落落)
68、 in his work.He looked _ (上上下下) at me and asked where I came from.After too many _ (兴衰) since the year of 1840, in 1949, we stood up at last.佳句赏析：Despite the many ups and downs in his career, he still keeps a positive attitude towards life.尽管他的事业经历了许多起起落落，但他对生活仍保持着积极的态度。 3.be connected with与相连；与有联系(
69、教材P62)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.书面汉语也成为中国联系过去和现在的手段。connect.with/to 把联系起来connect.and. 把和联接起来be connected with air pollution 与空气污染有关be connected with water 与水有关The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with
70、others, not just communicate with them.成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人建立良好的关系，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions.充足的睡眠与总体健康状况有关。 即学即练单句语法填空I connect the printer _ the computer.A bridge connects the island _ the mainland.We usually connect roses _ love.The discussion is _ (connect) wit
71、h genetic engineering.He used his _ (connect) to get that job.He has been arrested _ connection _ a robbery.常用短语：have something to do with/be linked to (with)/be related to与有联系use ones connections to do sth.利用关系做某事in connection with关于；与有关4.lead to导致(cause/result in/contribute to/bring about) ；通向(教材P
72、62)Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.这些年来，由于当时人们在地理上处于分裂状态，导致方言和文字多种多样。lead sb. to a place 带领某人去一个地方lead sb. to do sth. 引导某人做某事lead to greater success in ones life
73、促成某人生活中更大的成功lead to health problems 导致健康问题All roads lead to Rome. 谚条条大路通罗马。What led him to major in English？是什么使他主修英语的？The path leads to that small village.这条小路通向那个小村庄。Childrens comparing themselves to others online may lead to lower selfidentity and confidence.孩子们在网上把自己和别人进行比较可能会导致更低的自我认同和更低的自信。 即学
74、即练单句语法填空Her being late for work often _ (lead) her being unemployed.The teacher led the pupils _ (help) the old farmers do some farming work.The big mistake in his work led to him _ (fire)A nurse took her arm and led her _ a chair.误区警示：lead to中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。The new evidence led to him being
75、 arrested by the police.新的证据导致他被警方逮捕了。5.along with与一道；与一起彼得和他的父母被邀请去参加聚会。Peter, along with his parents, were invited to the party.()Peter, along with his parents, was invited to the party.()I, rather than you, am in charge of the class.我，而不是你，负责这个班。The famous musician, as well as his students, was i
76、nvited to perform at the opening ceremony.这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在开幕式上表演。 即学即练单句语法填空The teacher, along with a lot of students, _ (be) preparing desserts for the party at present.Tony, rather than his sisters, _ (be) going to take part in the contest tomorrow.The musician along with his band members _ (give
77、) ten performances in the last three months.误区警示：along with连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要和along with前面主语的数保持一致。有类似用法的词还有with, together with, as well as, except, rather than, including, in addition to等。 6.play a.role in在中扮演一个角色；参与；在中起作用play a role in a play based on a true story 在以真实故事为蓝本的剧中扮演角色play a part in the
78、 activities organized by their community 参加他们社区组织的活动play the part/role of Hamlet 演哈姆雷特的角色take an active part in 积极参与He played the role/part of the rescue worker in the film.在这部电影中他扮演了营救人员的角色。We all recognize that she has played an important role in carrying out the plan.我们都承认她在该计划的执行中起了重要作用。 即学即练单句语
79、法填空It is recognized that the part which the UN _ (play) in international relations is important.China plays a key role _ the world economy.He plays the role _ a young policeman _ the movie.Mobile phones play an important _ in our lives.误区警示：play a.role in相当于play a.part in, part/role前可以加形容词leading，ma
80、jor, important等。play a.role/part of扮演角色第三版块|典型句式1.the reasonwhy引导的定语从句(教材P62)There are many reasons why this has been possible.其存续的原因颇多句式分析本句含有why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons。This is the reason why more and more people always commit a crime.这也就是为什么越来越多的人犯罪的原因。The reason why Jack made an apology to Mary is t
81、hat he misunderstood her.杰克向玛丽道歉的原因是他误解了她。Tom was late for work this morning. That was because he was caught in traffic.今天早上汤姆上班迟到了，那是因为他遇上了堵车。That is why I voted against him.这就是我向他投了反对票的原因。 即学即练单句语法填空He fell asleep during the lecture. This was _ he got bored with it.The reason _ he missed the bus w
82、as that he got up late.He failed the exam again. The reason was _ he was too careless.名师点津：先行词为the reason且关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语时，常用why或for which来引导。The reason (why.) is that.(的)原因是It/This/That is because.这/那是因为(because后接原因)It/This/That is why.这/那就是为什么(why后接结果)以上三个句式中，that，because和why引导的都是表语从句。2.beof抽象
83、名词be形容词(教材P62)That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。句式分析本句中was of great importance属于“be of抽象名词”结构，相当于was very important。The organization has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah.这个组织对埃米莉和萨拉都有很大的好处和乐趣。Y
84、our suggestion was of great use to our work.你的建议对我们的工作非常有用。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换The two pairs of shoes are _ the same size.But they are different _ colour.Honestly speaking, this speech is of great _ (important) to the college students who are short of experience of life.当我离开学校时，我怕我对社会没有用。When I le
85、ave school I fear I will _ to society.Children need friends _ (与他们同龄的)to play with.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will _ (很有帮助)Although it is a secondhand table, _ (它非常有价值)This dictionary is very useful for middle school students.This dictionary _ for midd
86、le school students.名师点津：(1)可以转化为同根形容词的“be of抽象名词”用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value，use，importance，help等。名词前可用no，some，any，little等词修饰。be of no usebe useless无用的be of no helpbe helpless无助的be of no valuebe valueless不值钱；没有价值的(2)不可以转化为同根形容词的“be of抽象名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有age，height，weight，sha
87、pe，type等，名词前可用different，the same，a(n)等来修饰。 3.“no matter疑问词”引导让步状语从句(教材P62).no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写(文字)进行交流。句式分析本句中no matter where为“no matter疑问词”结构，意为“不论；不管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于wherever。例如：Wherever y
88、ou are, you must obey the laws.No matter where you are, you must obey the laws.不管你在哪里，你必须遵守法律。No matter how/However complicated the situation was, he could deal with it successfully.不论情况多么复杂，他都能应付自如。No matter what/Whatever happens, Ill always be there for you!不管发生什么，我永远都会在你身边！No matter where/Whereve
89、r I want to go, it must be quiet and could make me regain the strength.不管是去哪儿，它一定是安静的能够让我重新获得力量的地方。No matter who/Whoever you are, you should respect others.不管你是谁，你都应该尊重别人。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.I will lend my edictionary to
90、_ wants to look up words and promises to take good care of it.Ill do _ I can to help you._ hard I tried to think about it, what he said didnt really get across to me._ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.不管在哪里，他都养成了早餐前散步的习惯。_ , he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast
91、.无论发生什么，我们都必须保持镇定。_ ，we must keep calm.不管什么时候需要帮助，你都可以向我求助。_ ，you can turn to me.归纳与拓展：(1)引导让步状语从句的词还有：no matter whatwhatever不管什么no matter whichwhichever不管哪一个no matter howhowever不管怎样no matter whowhoever不管是谁no matter whenwhenever不管何时(2)wherever还可引导地点状语从句。You can go wherever you want to.你可以去你想去的任何地方。(
92、wherever引导地点状语从句)误区警示：whatever，whichever，whoever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句，引导名词性从句时，不可以替换为“no matterwhat/which/who”形式。Whatever David says sounds right to Helen. Thats why she has made up her mind to be with him whatever/no matter what happens.对于海伦来说，无论戴维说什么都是对的。那就是她决心无论发生什么事都要和他在一起的原因。4by时间(教材P62)By the
93、 Shang Dynasty (around 16001046 BCE)，these symbols had become a welldeveloped writing system.到了商朝(约公元前1600公元前1046年)，这些符号已成为一个完善的书写体系。句式分析“by时间”意为“到时为止”，句子中的谓语常用完成时。(1)本句中by后接的是过去的时间，谓语用的是过去完成时。(2)若其后接现在的时间，谓语用现在完成时。(3)若其后接将来的时间，谓语用将来完成时。By last term, we had finished all the lessons.到上学期末，我们已经完成了所有的课
94、程。By now, he has answered nine questions.到目前为止，他已经回答了九个问题。By the end of next year, the bridge will have been completed.到明年年底，大桥将已经完工。 即学即练单句语法填空By the time Dale was a senior, he _ (win) every top honor in speech.By the end of this month, I _ (write) five books.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be
95、emailing each other, for we _ (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.By the end of last year, I _ (have) several new friends, and two of them are still my best friends today.5.a time when.一段的时期(教材P62)Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a tim
96、e when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.随着时间的推移，这一体系发展成不同的形式，因为当时的人们在地理上是分开的，这就造成了许多不同的方言和文字。This was a time when the two countries were at war.这是两国交战的时期。There was a time when I was buried in the shell research.曾有一段时间我专心于贝壳研究。It is the first tim
97、e (that) I have visited the Great Wall.It was the first time (that) I had visited the Great Wall.这是我第一次游览长城。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in literature. It was the first time that a Chinese writer _ (win) such an important award.It is the second time I _ (see) the famous player, but I s
98、till feel excited.Louis Braille lived in a time _ the blind couldnt get much education.曾经有段时间我迷上了户外活动。There was a time _ I was crazy about outdoor activities.曾经有一段时间，有些人的一生都只是耕种土地或者照看牛。_ some peoples lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.那是一个大多数女孩不能上学的时代。_ mo
99、st girls couldnt go to school.邻居们应该尽他们所能避免打扰别人，但有时一定程度的干扰是不可避免的。Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are _ some level of disturbance is unavoidable.句式分析：句中的it was a time when.意为“那是一段的时期”，when引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a time。此外还有：This was a time when.这是一个时期。There was a tim
100、e when.曾经有一段时间It/This/That is the first /second.time(that).这/那是第一/二次，从句中的谓语需用现在完成时；It/This/That was the first/second.time (that).这/那是第一/二次，从句中的谓语需用过去完成时。6not only.but also.不但而且(教材P63)Soon after that, the idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing th
101、e character of the “man behind the brush”此后不久，这种观点形成了，书法不仅是一种美丽的艺术形式，而且是一种“毛笔背后的人”展现性格的方式。Not only you but also I am going to attend his birthday party.Not only I but also you are going to attend his birthday party.不但你/我而且我/你都将参加他的生日派对。Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personall
102、y, youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.您不仅将帮助我们的年轻志愿者的个人发展，还将学习新的技能，增强文化意识。 即学即练完成句子正如我们所有人期望的那样，这部电影不仅有意义，而且也有趣。As we all expect, the film will be _.这项活动给我留下了深刻的印象，因为它不但训练了我的交际技能，而且也让我对我们的传统文化有了更多的了解。The activity impressed me very much because it _ of communication _ to
103、 know more about our traditional culture.我们很兴奋，因为我们不仅通过制作面人来学习我们自己的文化，而且我们也加深了我们对传统遗产的理解。We were excited because _ our own culture by making dough figurines _ our understanding of the traditional heritage.不仅他而且我都在忙于准备高考。_ busy preparing for the National College Entrance Examination.句式分析：教材原句中第二个that
104、引导的是同位语从句，进一步补充the idea的具体内容。句中的not only.but also.连接并列的句子成分。连接主语时，采用“就近原则”，即由but also后的主语来决定谓语动词的单复数。当not only位于句首时，它所在的句子需用部分倒装。基础知识自测.单词拼写1The sculptor _ (雕刻) a variety of stone figures.2Students should be encouraged to read more Chinese _ (名著) in their spare time.3This semester, his _ (专业)is Engl
105、ish classic literature.4John has studied Chinese _ (汉字) and is good at calligraphy.5To make progress in your study, you should make a _ (具体的) plan at once.6For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄) these _ (系统)7Tom is a native. He can speak standard English as well as local _ (方言)8Among all the _ (因素
106、), cooperation is the most important of a good assistant.9Scientists have discovered a lot of animal _ (骨头) in that area.10This is a _ (象征)of ups and downs of the dynasty.单句语法填空1Randall Flagg is one of the scariest _ (character) ever.2Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ (regard) as
107、 one of the best allround forms of exercise.3_ the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.4Scientists have built an earlywarning system based _ mathematical models.5A code uses _ (symbol) to replace words, phrases, or sentences.6There are also _ (vary)developed to suit specif
108、ic local conditions.7I would appreciate _ if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.8The reason _ any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.9No matter _ you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.10According to Mr. G
109、reen, the _ ( globe) economy is becoming better and better.11I dont doubt that our country will play a more and more important part in the world _ (affair)12I would appreciate _ very much if you give me some advice on how to improve my listening.13Jack didnt lose heart. Instead, he continued to stru
110、ggle _ his illness.14There were also times _ life was hard.15Believe it or not, exercise is equally _ great importance to our health.16Health problems are closely connected _ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.17Parents play a very important role _ their childrens growth, so they should set a
111、good example to them.短语填空ups and downs， date back to， be based on， a variety of， struggle for， lead to， along with， at least， be known for， write down 1The writer Margaret Mitchell _ writing Gone with the Wind, first published in 1936.2Despite the faults in the system, it _ facts.3Last Sunday, I, _
112、my parents, went to take part in an activity called “I Walk, Im Fit.”4The two families _ the land for several years, and they havent reached an agreement.5One study found that a cotton bag must be used _ 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.6There are _ books about heroes in science, s
113、ports and other fields in our library.7These bone and shell fossils can _ a billion years ago.8Mary listened attentively and _ every word Professor Lin said.9Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can _ a waste of limited resources.10There were several _ in their lives but the husbands sup
114、port brought fresh hope to her life.完成句子1_ (有一段时间)my daughter was quite interested in Chinese calligraphy.2Many factors _ (导致一个人的沉浮)3A normal state of mind and selfconfidence _ (不但) help us to relax _ (而且) enable us to get over difficulties bravely.4_ (不管发生什么事), I will support you.5_ (在我看来), happine
115、ss is not about pursuing wealth merely but about admiring the beautiful things in life.学科素养提升.语法填空As is known to us all, the English language is a universal tongue in the world. It plays a very important role 1._ peoples life, work, the 2._ (globe) economy and trade. I enjoy studying English. My lov
116、e for English 3._ (date) back to junior middle school. Our English teacher, Miss Lee, spoke English 4._ (fluent) and beautifully. Before I met Miss Lee, studying English was a struggle for me. Because of her perfect English, I 5._ (fall) in love with the language. Miss Lee 6._ (regard) us as excelle
117、nt students and even encouraged us to read the simple version of those 7._ (classic) written in English. She sometimes taught us how 8._ (appreciate) the English poems. 9._ some difficulties, I never gave up studying English. Im now in Senior One in a high school and have a specific goal that I will
118、 work as a translator. I plan 10._ (major) in English when I go to university.Section Reading and Thinking语篇细研教材精读Step .1system2.carved3.varieties4.means5.appreciateStep .1C2.D3.C知识探究讲练互动第一版块|核心单词1Despiteapplyingifin spite of/despite2BasingBasedonatbased3symbolssymbols4varietyarevariousvaries5(汉)字人物
119、；角色特征；特色个性；性格out of character6inmajoritya major companya major turning pointmy major in college; major in English/am an English major7meansaofinby all meansmeans of communicationby no meanscan we give up8is regardedregardsforasregardingWith/In regard to/Regarding9globeglobalglobal10mattermatteraffai
120、rseventeventincidentincidents11being givenitappreciationlettingI would appreciate it ifshowed appreciation to第二版块|重要短语1todatingdatesdate backwhich is said to date back todating backdating back to2ups and downsups and downsup and downups and downs3towithwithconnectedconnectionsin; with4led toto helpb
121、eing firedto5isishas given6playsinof; inrole/part第三版块|典型句式1becausewhythat2of; inimportancebe of no useof their own agebe of great help/be very helpfulits of great value/its very valuableis of great use3howwhoeverwhateverHoweverWhereverNo matter where/Wherever he isWhatever/No matter what happenedWhe
122、never you need help4had wonhave writtenwill have developedhad had5had wonhave seenwhenwhenThere was a time whenThat was a time whentimes when6not only meaningful but also interestingnot only trained my skills; but also allowed menot only did we learn; but we also deepenedNot only he but also I am课时达
123、标随堂自测.单词拼写1carved2.classics3.major4.characters5.specific6.systems7.dialects8.factors9.bones10.symbol.单句语法填空1答案与解析：charactersone of the形容词最高级可数名词复数意为“最的之一”。句意：Randall Flagg是有史以来最恐怖的角色之一。2答案与解析：is regarded句子的主语是cycling，与regard之间是被动关系，且根据语境可知用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态。句意：如今，骑自行车、慢跑与游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。3答案与解析：D
124、espite句意：尽管疼，我还是在球场上走了一会儿，然后又跑步。4答案与解析：onbase.on.把建立在基础上。此处是过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：科学家们已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统。5答案与解析：symbolssymbol意为“象征，符号”，是可数名词。空格前面没有a或one修饰，所以用symbol的复数形式。句意：代码使用符号代替单词、短语或句子。6答案与解析：varieties此处需用名词，根据前面的are可知要用名词的复数形式。句意：也有适合当地特定条件的品种。7答案与解析：itit作形式宾语。句意：如果你能就如何改进我们的机器人给我们一些建议，我将不胜感激。8答案与解析：
125、whythe reason后面可接why引导的定语从句。句意：我们竭尽全力去冒险的原因可能与早期的人类有关。9答案与解析：what从句中do后缺少宾语，指代“什么”，故填what。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，总有一个方法可以让你在地球日参与各种活动。10global11.affairs12.it13.against/with14.when15.of16.with17.in.短语填空1is known for2.is based on3.along with4.have struggled for/have been struggling for5.at least6.a variety of7.date back to8wrote down9.lead to10.ups and downs.完成句子1There was a time when2.lead to a persons ups and downs3.not only; but also4.No matter what happens/Whatever happens5From my point of view.语法填空1in2.global3.dates4.fluently5.fell6.regarded7.classics8to appreciate9.Despite10.to major
