1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 4Body languageLearning about Language语法精讲探究学习动词-ing形式作定语和状语观察上面对话, 并类比填空: When he saw the chance, he began to take action. Seeing the chance, he began to take action. 动词-ing形式可以在句中起修饰、限定名词以及动词的作用, 所以可以作定语和状语。一、动词-ing形式和作用1. 动词-ing形式的
2、基本形式如下: 主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done2. 动词-ing形式在句中可以作主语、定语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。*Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。*The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望, 前所未有地鼓舞人心。*Keep quiet. Dont wake up the s
3、leeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。动词-ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生, 而动词-ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。语法填空。(1)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary. (2)Having worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest. (3)Having lived (live) in Beijing for years, I
4、 almost know every place quite well. (4)Having spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. (5)Seeing (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. 二、动词-ing形式作定语*The firefighters dashed into the burning woods to save people trapped in it. (前置定语)消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林, 去
5、营救被困人员。*The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. (后置定语)站在那里的那个男孩是我的一个同班同学。*The building being built over there is our library. (后置定语, 强调“正在被建”)那里正在建造的大楼是我们的图书馆。如果一个及物动词作定语, 既要表达进行意味, 又要表达被动意味时, 可用现在分词的被动语态。语法填空。(1)A little child learning (learn) to walk often falls. (2)I cant stand the old man
6、 talking(talk)so loudly in the library. (3)Ladies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the meeting (meet)room. 三、动词-ing形式作状语1. 作时间状语。*Hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing. =When he heard the news, he couldnt help laughing. 一听到那个消息, 他禁不住大笑起来。2. 作原因状语。*Not knowing her address, I had better telep
7、hone her to come over. =As I dont know her address, I had better telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址, 我还是打电话让她过来为好。3. 作条件状语。*Working hard, youll surely succeed. =If you work hard, youll surely succeed. 如果努力工作, 你就一定会成功。4. 作结果状语。*The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. =The ch
8、ild slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door. 那男孩滑了一跤, 头撞到了门上。5. 作让步状语。*Having been told many times, he still didnt learn these rules by heart. =Although he had been told many times, he still didnt learn these rules by heart. 尽管被告知了很多次, 他还是没把这些规定记住。6. 作伴随状语。*Morris lay on the grass, stari
9、ng at the sky for a long time. =Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 莫里斯躺在草地上, 长时间地望着天空。*The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branches. =The boy sat in front of the farm-house, and cut the branches. 那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。7. 作方式状语。*He came running back to tell me the n
10、ews. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。动词-ing形式作状语时, 相当于与之对应的状语从句, 现在分词的逻辑主语一定和句子的主语保持一致。句型转换(用非谓语动词改写句子)。(1)It rained heavily and it caused great damage. It rained heavily, causing great damage. (2)After he had eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out. Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out. (3)All night long he lay aw
11、ake and he thought of the problem. All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 8. 动词-ing形式作状语需注意的问题。独立主格。动词-ing形式作状语, 有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构, 通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况, 也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。*The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利, 他或许能成功。*The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开
12、完会后我们都回家了。*There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车, 我们只好走回家。*It being Sunday , they had no classes. 由于是星期天, 他们不用上课。 评论性状语/悬垂分词。有些动词-ing形式作状语, 在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在, 用来修饰主句, 表明说话者的态度、观点等, 被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking, judging from, considering, supposing, providing等。*Gen
13、erally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般来说, 女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。语法填空。(1)A new technique having been worked (work) out, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. (2)There are various kinds of metals, each having (have) its own properties. (3)Walter offered us a lift when h
14、e was leaving the office, but our work not being finished (finish), we declined the offer. (4)Generally speaking (speak), men can run faster than women. 课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空1. He often carefully watched the doctors in the operating (operate) room. 2. Not realizing (realize) that he had hurt Shirley, Jor
15、dan continued to shout at her. 3. Those students hoping (hope) to enter that university should work really hard. 4. Being (be) more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 5. Do you remember the name of the girl sitting (sit) next to you in the old photo?6. Tom received a phone call from his mother sa
16、ying (say) that she would visit him this weekend. 7. The boy wearing (wear) a sad look said, “I cant find my parents. ”8. The children rushed out of the classroom, talking (talk) about something happily. 9. With the rapid development of China, the number of foreigners learning (learn) Chinese is gro
17、wing all the time. . 用-ing形式改写下列句子1. The man who is speaking to the teacher is his father. The man speaking to the teacher is his father. 2. In the years that followed, he worked even harder. In the following years, he worked even harder. 3. While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China
18、Daily. While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. 4. Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. 5. If you use your head, you will find a way. Using your head, you will find a way. 6. The fire lasted ne
19、arly a month, and left nothing valuable. The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. 7. Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. . 完成句子1. Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. 被领着参观了工厂后, 他们很高兴
20、。2. Respecting his father, he didnt want to argue with him. 因为尊重他的父亲, 所以他不想和他争论。3. He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。4. Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。5. Having lived in the village for years, I know everyone quite well. 因为在
21、这个村里住了很多年, 所以我熟悉每个人。使用本单元所学词汇及语法知识翻译下列语段今天早上, 我走在路上, 看到两个旅游者在看地图。他们看起来像是迷路了。我走上前去, 询问他们是否需要帮助。他们说要去天坛。我把他们带到车站, 告诉他们坐20路车。他们非常感谢我。不久, 车来了。我们挥手告别。看着他们上了车, 我感到很欣慰。This morning, walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map. It seemed that they were lost. I went up to them, asking
22、whether they needed any help. They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. Leading them to the nearby bus stop, I advised them to take Bus No. 20. They appreciated my help very much. Before long, the bus came. We waved goodbye to each other. Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.
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