1、山东省淄博市2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练【6】及答案【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert(警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully. A researcher remo
2、ves the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focusuntil a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card
3、. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newne
4、ss? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention
5、to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the resear
6、chers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.60The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys_Asense of hearingBsense of sightCsense of touchDsense of smell61Babies are sensitive to the change in _Athe size of cardsBthe colour of picturesCthe shape of patternsDthe number of objec
7、ts62Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?ATo reduce the difficulty of the experiment.BTo see how babies recognize sounds.CTo carry their experiment further.DTo keep the babies interest.63Where does this text probably come from?AScience fiction.BChildrens literature.CAn advertisemen
8、t.DA science report.【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的视觉、听觉进行实验。60B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“She stares at it carefully.”可知，本段是对孩子的视觉进行实验。故选B。61D事实细节题。根据文章第二段中的“Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two.”可知D正确。62C推理判断题。文章第一
9、段描述对孩子的视力进行实验，接下来用鼓来对孩子的听力继续实验。所以选C。63D推理判断题。纵观文章，这是一篇医学实验报告，所以选D。【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins(静脉) blue?Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks r
10、ed when its outside the body, when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, its more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your b
11、rain?That kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain i
12、s using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Why do teeth fall out, and why dont they grow back in grownups?Baby(or“milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when
13、they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, youre done. When theyre gone, theyre gone. This is because nature figures youre set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many pe
14、ople do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isnt because theyre shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力). Many(but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an averag
15、e of 34 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people dont really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs, arms and backbones g
16、etting shorter. When they do get shorter, its because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?Because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling. The brain senses that youre spinning using spe
17、cial gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly fro
18、m an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any
19、other animal on the planet. If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, its “use it, or lose it”！ Its not that exercise makes you healthy; its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and
20、easily affected by disease. 46. What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin? A. Blue. B. Light yellow. C. Red. D. Dark reddish purple. 47Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age? A. Because their spine is in active use. B. Because they are more easily affected
21、 by gravity. C. Because they keep growing backwards. D. Because their spine becomes more bent. 48Which of the following statements about our brain is true? A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart. B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy. C. The brains of
22、the other mammals are as complex as those of humans. D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain. 49What is the main purpose of the selection? A. To give advice on how to stay healthy. B. To provide information about our body. C. To challenge new findings in medical r
23、esearch. D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇常见的应用文，主要向读者介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识和信息。46D考查细节理解。从第一则中的“its more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知，血液应该是深紫红色，所以答案选D项。47D考查细节理解。从第四则中的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse”可知，由于脊
24、柱的弯曲，所以导致老年人看起来有点矮了，所以答案选D项。48A考查细节理解。从第二则中的“But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.”可知，脑子要比心脏更努力、更辛苦，所以答案选A项。49B考查写作意图。从全文知，这是一篇医学科技类的文章
25、，主要介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识，所以B项能很好地概括全文。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013皖南八校第三次联考，A)Handball is a hugely popular sport in Europe and Asia, and it is one of the fastest and most exciting sports in the world. It combines basketball and soccer with the attracting saves of water polo.Handball is played
26、 on an indoor court ( the size of two basketball courts ) and there are goals at each end. There are twelve players on each team, two goal keepers and ten field players, but there is a maximum of one goalkeeper and six field players from each team allowed on the court at any one time. The_idea_is_si
27、mple:_score more goals than the other team. The ball is made of leather or a synthetic material and it must be round. The surface must not be shiny or slippery. The size and weight of the ball varies for male and female teams, and adult and junior team. Handball has the same freeranging play as bask
28、etball, with all players except the goalkeeper constantly moving from attack to defence. The goalkeeper uses hands, feet, head and body to keep out the other teams shots. The origins of handball are unclear. Many people believe that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off
29、 season, or when it was snowing. Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly. Handball has been played at the Olympics since 1972. 1The passage states that handball was most probably develo
30、ped _.Aas a replacement for basketballBby supporters of water polo Cas a training gameDfor the 1972 Olympics 答案：C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第四句话“Many people believe that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing.”可知。2The statement, “The idea is simple”， em
31、phasizes that in handball the _.Agame has only one purpose Bcourt is clearly markedCplayers can change positions Dgoalkeeper is the last defense答案：A推理判断题。由画线词后的“score more goals than the other team.(比另一队多进球)”可推知，手球运动的唯一目的是比赛时多进球。3It is clear that the writer believes the sport of handball _.Ais more
32、popular for men than for womenBis great fun for the audienceCrequires an unusually shaped ball Dshould only be played in winter 答案：B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out reg
33、ularly.”可知。4In which order does the information appear in the passage?a.type of ball bcourt sizecbeginning of the sport dteam members A.cabd BbadcCcdab Dbdac答案：D篇章结构题。由文章层次可推知。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013苏锡常镇四市二调，C)Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many co
34、untries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most ofte
35、n, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a fri
36、end who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasnt until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had
37、put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of
38、GPS equipment.Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that its going to the wrong place
39、.”Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in peoples cars. They wrote a paper based on
40、 their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what youre doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new
41、competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills.“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS s
42、ystems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS sys
43、tems work together.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。5What is the best title for this passage?AIs GPS system reliable to use? BWhat is the use of GPS?CHow to make the most of GPS? DBlame! GPS or Passengers?答案：A标题概括题。文章第一段是全文的主旨段。根据第一段可知，GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但
44、GPS也会导致许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。所以A项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。6What is the implication of the underlined part?AGPS is just a garbage device.BGPS will not correct human errors.CGPS adjusts your wrong destination.DGPS is just as smart as human beings.答案：B句意理解题。根据画线句子后面一句“Mr Brown says this is a common human
45、error.”并结合上下文可知，画线句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能纠正人类的错误。故答案选B。7Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage?ASmall screen. BTiming of commands.COutdated maps. DDear cameras GPS uses.答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句可知，A项是GPS的缺点；根据文章倒数第二段可知，B、C两项均是GPS的缺点。所以只有D项不是GPS的缺点。故答案选D。8According to the passage, people commonly believe that _.Ayou have to know where to go when using GPSByou need to have new competencies to use GPS wellCGPS is proper for drivers with little sense of directionDGPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps答案：C推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文义，故答案选C。
