1、课下题型练(二)Learning About Language.阅读理解ADo you know a child who has used first aid to save a life or help an injured person?St. John Ambulance is seeking young people who have acted quickly, calmly and effectively at a real emergency for its annual Young First Aider of the Year awards. The awards are o
2、pen to all those under 18, and the closing date for nomination (提名) is 30 April 2020.The winners will be invited to attend a special ceremony in June 2020.“St. John Ambulance believes it is essential for young people to learn first aid so that they can help anyone who is injured，” said Sandra Stocke
3、r, director of St. John Ambulance Awards Committee. “The Young First Aider of the Year is a wonderful way to celebrate their bravery and quickthinking.”Nomination for the Young First Aider of the Year is now open. Please complete and return the nomination forms as soon as possible and certainly no l
4、ater than 30 April 2020.The committee will decide which of the nominees will receive the Young First Aider of the Year awards by considering the actions of the nominees along with their ages and other factors. You should send any evidence you have with the nomination form, showing the nominees actio
5、ns. Examples of evidence could include： Newspaper clippings (剪报) of the incident. Police incident record numbers. Once a nomination form is received, the nominee or nominator may be approached for further details of the incident. For further information please get in touch with Sandra Stocker by ema
6、il or on 02073244082 or 02073244083.Find out who our winners will be for 2020.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了年度年轻急救员奖的提名条件、截止日期等信息。1What does the passage intend to tell the readers?AYoung people should learn first aid to help the injured. BLearning first aid can help young people win an award. CThe injured ar
7、e encouraged to act quickly and calmly. DSt. John Ambulance makes profit by training first aiders. 解析：选A写作目的题。根据文章的第一句可看出，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调年轻人应该学一些急救知识来帮助有需要的人。故选A。2If you suggest someone for the awards, you should . Aattend the awards ceremonyBmake a speech introducing yourselfCprovide the details of t
8、he incidentDhave a good knowledge about first aid解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段中的最后一句可知，如果想要提名某人的话，需要提供这个人实施急救的详细信息，故选C。3Which of the following is the best title for the passage?ADemand for First AidersBImportance of First AidCSt. John Ambulance AwardsDYoung First Aider of the Year解析：选D标题归纳题。本文鼓励读者们提名年度最佳实施急救的年轻人
9、，同时也呼吁年轻人应该学一些急救知识来帮助有需要的人，故D项最适合作文章题目。BA drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global study of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearly onethird. The study was carried out by Londons School of Hygiene an
10、d Tropical Medicine. The drug is called tranexamic acid (氨甲环酸). It is lowcost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.The drug was first developed by Japanese scientists in the 1960s, but no longterm studies of it were completed until now. The drug is used t
11、o treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth. Postpartum hemorrhage (产后出血) is the leading cause of the death of puerperae worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. More than 100，000 women die of postpartum hemorrhage each year.Haleema Shakur is the project director for the stud
12、y. “Its one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia, about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding.” The drug works by stopping blood clots (血凝块) from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the po
13、int of bleeding.Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth. “The earlier you give it so within the first three hours of giving birth the better the effect is. Overall we saw a 20 percent reduction in death due to bleeding, whereas
14、 in women who received the treatment within the first three hours, it was 30 percent.”The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed and provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the study, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easi
15、er ways to control the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种名为氨甲环酸的药物。这种药物有特殊的止血功能，能够有效降低产妇因生产过程中的严重出血而丧命的可能性。4What can we know about the drug from the first paragraph?AIt is not expensive.BIt can be used for babies.CIt causes no side effects.DIt c
16、an avoid bleeding deaths during childbirth.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句It is lowcost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.可知，这种药物不贵。5Whats the meaning of the underlined word “puerperae” in Paragraph 2?AWomen in childbirth.BWomen who have babies.CWomen in extreme
17、danger.DWomen who are bleeding during childbirth.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth.及下文More than 100，000 women die of postpartum hemorrhage each year.可知，这种药物被用来治疗分娩过程中严重出血的母亲们。每年有超过10万的女性死于产后出血。由此可猜测，产后出血是导致产妇死亡的主要原因。画线词的含义是“产妇”。6It can be infer
18、red that the drug Awas recently invented by Japanese scientistsBhelps doctors quickly find the bleeding pointChelps remove blood clots after a mother gives birthDavoids the necessity of doing a surgery to stop bleeding解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surg
19、ery to find the point of bleeding.可知，这种治疗方法(用氨甲环酸治疗)能够防止需要医生做手术寻找出血点的情况。由此可知，这种药物免去了做手术止血的必要。7What will researchers probably do next?ALet more people know the drug.BTeach medical workers to use the drug.CKnow how much the drug is needed.DPut the drug into use in real hospitals.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Th
20、e next step will be to get the drug where it is needed and provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it.可知，下一步将会是把药物应用到需要它的地方，以及培训医生和护士如何使用它。由此可知，研究人员接下来可能要做的是教医护人员使用这种药物。.完形填空First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is av
21、ailable. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including a pulse, temperature, an unobstructed (畅通无阻的) airway, and breathing. In 1 emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from worsening and provide relief from 2 First aid must be performed as 3 as possible. In the c
22、ase of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.Firstaid measures 4 a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as 5 as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a
23、neck injury, for example, can 6 permanent spinal injury and paralysis.Despite the variety of possible injuries, several principles of first aid 7 to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if 8 ， should be reassured that medical aid has been 9 ， and aske
24、d for permission to provide any first aid. Next, 10 the scene, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been 11 ， and preexisting (早先存在的)conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. The victim should be 12 fo
25、r medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not 13 the victim.Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured persons 14 should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. I
26、f no 15 exists to suggest potential skull (颅骨) or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了急救的重要性，并详细地介绍了一些急救方面的知识。1A.minorBsevereCunique Dcertain解析：选A根据空格后面的first aid
27、may prevent a victims condition from worsening可知，急救可以阻止受害者的状况变得更加严重，也与下文In the case of the critically injured中的critically形成对比，因此此处应该是相对来说受伤不太严重的紧急情况下。2A.pressure BpainCguilty Dinjury解析：选B由前面的provide relief from可知，急救可缓解受伤者的痛苦。3A.carefully BcorrectlyCmildly Dquickly解析：选D根据下文a few minutes can make the
28、difference可知，此处表示急救应该尽快进行。4A.depend upon Bcontribute toCconsist of Dapprove of解析：选A根据前面的Firstaid measures和后面的a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill可知，急救的措施，取决于受害人的需要和提供急救者的知识技能水平。5A.temporary BbasicCimportant Dfortunate解析：选C结合下文的Improperly moving . and paralysis.可知，此处表示知道在紧急情
29、况下不该做什么与知道做什么同等重要。6A.result from Bsuffer fromCtake on Dlead to解析：选D由空格前面的Improperly moving a person with a neck injury和后面的permanent spinal injury and paralysis可知，错误的急救措施会导致永久性的脊椎损伤或者瘫痪。7A.apply BreferCturn Drespond解析：选A根据本句句首的Despite和空格前面的several principles of first aid和后面的all emergencies可知，几个急救原则适用
30、于所有的紧急情况。8A.considerate BconsciousCpainful Dskeptical解析：选B结合语境可知，如果这个受害者还有意识的话，应该让他放心。9A.needed BselectedCrequested Drefused解析：选C此处与前面的call for professional medical help呼应，指告诉他已经请求了医疗救助。10A.examine BenjoyCprotect Djudge解析：选D由后面的asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about detai
31、ls of the injury or illness (问问其他人或者受伤人的家人或者朋友关于受伤或患病的详细情况)可知，此处表示要评估现场。11A.asked BgivenClimited Dpermitted解析：选B由空格前面的any care that may have already可知，要了解已经给予的照顾。12A.recorded BmeasuredCchecked Dobserved解析：选C结合空格前面的The victim和后面的for medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions可知
32、，此处表示应该核对受害者的描述特殊医学状况的医疗手镯或者卡片。13A.move BsaveCtouch Ddefend解析：选A此处指除了一些特殊情况外，不要移动受害者。14A.leg BheadCarm Dface解析：选B结合后面的be kept in a neutral position in line with the body可知，要使受害者的头部位于中间，和身体保持在一条直线上。15A.analysis BexplanationCexperience Devidence解析：选D根据语境可知，此处表示如果没有证据表明(受伤者有)潜在的颅骨或脊椎伤害。.语法填空CPR is an e
33、ffective form of first aid 1 (give) to the victim whose heart stops. Doing it can increase the chance of the victims 2 (survive). So knowing CPR can be a real lifesaver.How to give CPR? There are 3 (simple) three steps. Firstly, roll the victim onto his back and do chest compression (按压). 4 this way
34、, it keeps blood flowing to the brain, heart and other organs. To perform the compression, place one hand over 5 other and press firmly on the victims chest many times in a row, 6 (push) at least 2 inches deep on every compression. Then after compressions 7 (complete), check the airway 8 (see) wheth
35、er the person is breathing. If not, perform mouthtomouth, 9 helps to move the oxygen down into the victims lungs. And chest compression should start again right after two breaths are given.Learn CPR, for you never know when you might need 10 . And it feels good to know that you could help in case of
36、 emergency. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何实施CPR(心肺复苏)。1given考查非谓语动词。该句有系动词is，故设空处应使用非谓语动词，give与其逻辑主语an effective form of first aid是动宾关系，故使用过去分词，此处相当于定语从句which is given to the victim。故填given。2survival考查词性转换。the victims后应接名词，故填survival。3simply考查词性转换。设空处修饰系动词are，应使用副词，故填simply。4In考查介词。in this way为固定短语，意为“通过这种
37、方式”。故填In。5the考查冠词。人共有两只手，一只用one，两个中的另一个则用the other。故填the。 6pushing考查非谓语动词。该句已有谓语动词，故考虑非谓语动词形式，又因push与谓语动词表示的动作几乎同时发生，且与逻辑主语即省略的you构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用现在分词，作伴随状语，相当于and push。故填pushing。7are/have been completed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。after引导时间状语从句，从句中缺少谓语，且因complete与主语compressions构成动宾关系，且主语为复数，又结合上下文可知，应用一般现在时，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are completed。又因该动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，故也可以使用have been completed。8to see考查非谓语动词。该句谓语动词为check，故此处考虑用非谓语动词，根据下文“看看这个人是否在呼吸”可知，此处表达的是目的，故使用不定式作目的状语。故填to see。9which考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词mouthtomouth指物，故填which。10it考查代词。need后缺少宾语，根据句意可知，此处指的是CPR(心肺复苏)，为避免重复，可使用代词来代替。故填it。