1、SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气1.时间一致2.错综时间的虚拟句 3.倒装句4.含蓄条件句 5.If only 感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式1.wish 2.as if/though 3.would rather 4.Its(about/high)time
2、 5.Its necessary/strange/natural/important +that从句虚拟语气 If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去现在未来did/weresth.haddonesth.would/could/should/might+dosth.would/could/should/might+havedonesth.did/weresth.shoulddosth.weretodosth.would/could/should/might+dosth.一.虚拟语气在(if等)条件状语从句中的用法1.时间一致(3种形式)1.If I had taken your advice,I
3、 wouldnt have made a mistake.2.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.3.If I had 5000 yuan,I would buy a computer.4.If I were a bird,I would fly in the sky.5.If it snowed/should snow/were to snow tomorrow,we would take photos.6.If it rained tomorrow,we would not go shopping.（3和4与现在事实相反）（1和2与过
4、去事实相反）（5和6与将来事实相反）2、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况,在非真实条件句中主句和从句谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.2.If I were you,I would have taken his advice.(从句指现在,主句指过去。)1)If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning,I would not be wet now.2)If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you would
5、nt be smiling now.(从句指过去,主句指现在。)虚拟语气3、倒装句(省略 if 的条件从句)当从句中有 had,were或 should 时，可省略if，把它们放在句首。1)If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.Had you come a few.2)If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,.3)If he should fail in the experiment
6、 this time,he would try again.Should he fail in the experiment.4.含蓄条件句(without,but for“要不是”,or和otherwise 构成虚拟。)1)Without sunlight,there would be no life on our planet.2)But for your help,I wouldnt have finishedthe work.3)I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)4)H
7、e telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)5.If only 要是就好了If only we had followed your advice!If only I knew his name!If only the weather would change!1.要是我没错过火车就好了！If only I _ the train!2.要是现在我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents _ with us now!3.要是问题一次只发生一个该
8、多好！If only problems _ one at a time!过去：现在：将来：had done sth.did sth.would do sth.hadnt missedlivedwould come二.名词性从句的虚拟语气。(I drop caps.)主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持:insist 一个宁愿:prefer两个命令:command,order四个建议:advise,propose,recommend,suggest六个要求:ask,demand,desire,request,require,urge 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用
9、虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should+do sth.，should可以省略。我们建议Tom 去休息一下。We suggested that Tom _(have)a rest.他坚决要求我到场。He insisted that I _(be)present.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。The king ordered that the prisoners_(kill)the next day.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。They requested that we _(send)them to work there.have(should)bebe killed(should)se
10、nd虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 注意:suggest/insist 各有两意思，要用不同的语气表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。1.The teacher suggested that we _ more after class.（我们课后多练习）2.The look on her face suggested that she _ very happy.（她很快乐）3.He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means.（我
11、们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）4.He insisted that he _ the wallet(没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshould behadnt stolen以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)do sth.advice,proposal,suggestion,demand,desire,request,command,order 2.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句什么从句？1)HesuggestedthatIshouldhavearest.(宾
12、语从句)2)ItissuggestedthatTomhavearest.(主语从句)3)HissuggestionthatTomhavearestisaccepted.(同位语从句)4)HissuggestionisthatTomhavearest.(表语从句)1)It is my proposal that Tom _(send)to study further abroad2)My suggestion is that the plan _ (carry out).3)My demand is that she _(come)to see me once a week.4)We are f
13、or the advice that the factory _(be)closed down.be sentshould comeshould bebe carried out三.虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish 的宾语从句过去:现在:未来:had done sth.did/were sth.would/could/might+do sth.should+do sth.I wish/wished I _(not eat)so much watermelon.(2)过去情况常had done sth。hadnt eatenI wish I _(be)as tall as you.were现在情况
14、did/were sth。I wish it _(rain)tomorrow.would rain将来情况would do sth.。1)I remembered the whole thing as if it _ (happen)yesterday.2)They talked as if they _ (be)friends for years.3)She loves the baby as if it _(be)her own son.4)He looks as if he _(be)drunk.werehad happenedhad beenwere2.as if/though和wis
15、h用法相同3.would rather(that)过去：现在：将来：1)I would rather you _(go)last time,too.2)I would rather you _(pay)me now.3)I would rather you _(come)tomorrow.did/were sth.had done sth.did/were sth.had gonepaidcame4.Its(about/high)time(that)should do sth.did sth.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we _ to bed.Its time that we
16、_ to bed.(should不可省略)wentshould go5.Its necessary/strange/natural/important/required/+that-Clause 主语从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形1)It is important that we _(master)a foreign language.2)It is strange that she _(refuse)to come to the party.3)Its necessary that we _(study)hard.4)It is required that nobody
17、_(smoke)here.(should)masterrefuseshould studysmoke虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missedB.had missed C.would miss D.missed2.It was the drug,not the disease,that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B.hadnt taken C.didnt take D.shouldn
18、t have takenPRACTICE:Choose the right answer.虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had gone虚拟语气9.Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had10.I dont think it is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must go11.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
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