1、第四学时GrammarFirst aid省略(Ellipsis)一、省略的概念、分类省略(Ellipsis)是为了避免重复，或使语言、句子等更加精炼，在不使人发生误解的前提下，省去句中的某个词或某些成分。这样的句子，英语语法上称为省略句。省略部分可以是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语。如：My brother smokes，but I dont(smoke)我的兄弟抽烟，而我不抽烟。上面的例子省略了smoke，避免了词汇重复，使得语言表达更加简洁，而不影响交际功能。1简单句的省略(1)省略主语(I)Beg your pardon.对不起，请原谅！(It)Doesnt matter.没关系。(2)省
2、略谓语(Is)Anybody here？这里有人吗？(3)省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分(Are you)Hungry？你饿不饿？(Id like some)Apple pie，please.我要苹果派。(Will you)Have a drink？要喝点什么吗？(4)省略表语Are they beautiful?Yes，they are(beautiful)(5)省略宾语Can you tell me the answer?Sorry，I dont know(the answer)(6)不定式的省略在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式中to后内容相同的部分省略，只保留不定式符号to
3、。有三种情况：在接不定式作宾语的动词如 like，love，hope，expect，wish，want，prefer，refuse，mean，try，agree等后面；在接不定式作宾语补足语的动词如ask，tell，advise，allow，permit，warn，persuade等后面；在某些形容词如 glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面。Would you like to join us?Id love to(join you)你愿意和我们一道去吗？我愿意。She wants to go swimming alone but her parents wont al
4、low her to.她想独自去游泳但她父母不允许。Would you mind printing the report for me，Miss Gao?Not at all.Id be glad to.(7)省略介词We have lived here(for)ten years.我们在这儿已住了十年。但是，在否定句中这类介词不能省略。I havent seen you for three months.我有三个月没看到你了。2并列句的省略在并列句中，省略是最常见的。一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。如：(1)My room is on the fifth floor
5、，and hers(is)on the eighth(floor)我的房间在五楼，而她的在八楼。(2)I came at eight but Henry(came)at nine.我在八点来，但是亨利在九点来。(3)To some life is pleasure，and to others(life is)suffering.对一些人来说，生活是一种享受；而对另一些人来说，生活是一种折磨。3复合句的省略(1)状语从句常可在when，while，if，although等从属连词的后面直接加上过去分词或动词的ing形式，从而省略从句中的其他成分。When(it is)published，the
6、novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.那本小说一旦出版，就会成为当年的畅销书之一。Although(he is)hardworking，he couldnt earn enough to support himself.尽管努力工作，他的收入还是不够自己糊口。(2)从属连词形容词When(they are)ripe，the grapes will be delicious.当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃。Though(he is)young，he had to live on himself.虽然年纪轻轻，但他只得养活自己。You
7、 can ask them for help if/when necessary.有必要时你可以向他们求助。(3)从属连词介词短语/副词When(you are)in doubt，please consult a dictionary.有疑问的时候，就请查阅字典。Once(you are)inside，begin to work.一进去，就开始工作。(4)从属连词名词Though(he is)a young man，he has made several inventions.虽然还是个年轻人，他已经有好几项发明了。When(he was)still a boy of six，Bob was
8、sent away from home.鲍勃才6岁时就被送出家门。二、掌握好省略句，应注意以下几条：1.感官动词或使役动词(如：notice，hear，let，make)等后接不定式作宾补时省略to，被动时to不能省略。I saw him cross the street.我看见他穿过街道。He was seen to cross the street.有人看见他穿过街道。2在prefer to do.rather than do.，cannot help but.，do nothing.but等句型中常省略to。I prefer to stay home rather than go sho
9、pping with my wife.我宁愿呆在家里也不愿陪我太太逛商店。I left the key on the table，so I could do nothing but wait outside the house for my husband to come back.我把钥匙忘在桌子上了，所以，没有办法，我只好在屋外等待我丈夫回来。3.为避免重复，不定式作某些动词(hope，want)的宾语或tell，order，ask的宾补时，省略不定式短语，只保留不定式符号to。Would you come to my birthday party this Sunday?这个周日你会来参
10、加我的生日宴会吗？I hope to.我希望去。4not，so，neither，nor 等的“替代性”省略用so或not等代替而省略一个从句或从句的一部分。这种用法常用于think，believe，hope，expect，suppose，imagine，guess，say，hear，be afraid等或连词if的后面。如：Will it be fine soon?天气会很快好转吗？I hope so./Im afraid not.希望如此/恐怕不会。Do you think he will attend the lecture?你认为他会来听演讲吗？I think/guess so.我认为如
11、此。Are you going to join us？If so，please come on time.If not，please call back and tell me.你打算来吗？如果来的话，请准时到，如果不来的话，请回电话告诉我。一、单项选择1The pianos in the other shop will be_,but_.Acheaper；not as betterBmore cheap；not as betterCcheaper；not as goodDmore cheaper；not as good解析：第一空考查比较级，第二空考查同级比较as.as句型，后面省略了as
12、the pianos in this shop。答案：C2_，I will help you with your work.AIf I am possible BIf it possibleCIf possible DPossible3How are you getting on with your work?Oh，Im sorry.Things arent going so well as_.Aplans BplanningCplanned Dto plan解析：If possible 是If it is possible的省略结构。答案：C解析：省略了比较状语从句中与主句相同的主语和be动
13、词，其完整结构为as they were planned。答案：C4Are you a teacher?No，but I _.I worked in a middle school for three years.Aam Bwill Cdo Dwas解析：No，but I was.是 No，I am not a teacher，but I was a teacher(in the past)的省略，意为“我现在不是老师，但以前当过老师。”答案：D5How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2013?There will be
14、 only a few，if _.Amuch Bsome Cany Dmany解析：if any是if there is any poor county的省略结构。答案：C6Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday?Well，I_，but I forgot it.Ashould Bmust Cshould have Dmust have解析：I should have 是I should have gone to Mikes.的省略形式；注意should have done.形式的省略要保留have，表示“本应该”。答案：C7Do
15、ctors have said that as many as 50%of patients dont take medicine _.Alike directed Bto be directedCas directed Dso that directed解析：as directed是as it is directed的省略结构。又如：He came back earlier than expected.答案：C8The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_ whether he was going in the right di
16、rection.Aseeing BhavingCto have seen Dto see解析：as if to see是 as if he was to see的省略结构。又如：She stopped as if seeing what to buy.(as if she was seeing.)答案：D9Have you ever been to Shanghai?_.ANot yet BHavent CYet not DStill not10Dont forget to come to my birthday party._.AI dont BI wontCI dont forget DI
17、 wont forget解析：Not yet是 I havent been to Shanghai yet.的省略形式。答案：A解析：I wont 是 I wont forget to go to your birthday party的省略形式。答案：B二、用省略结构翻译下列各句。1你如果想回家就可以回家。2我有困难时，总是找他帮忙。3他英语讲得比我好。4你有的那些书我没有。5最近她忙于写毕业论文。1You may go home if you like(to)2When(I am)in trouble，I go to his help.3He speaks English better t
18、han I(do)4I dont have such books as you(have)5She has been busy(in)writing graduation essay recently.三、语法填空A farmer who lived in a small village suffered 1 the severe pain in his stomach.The doctor in the village had tried a number of treatments but 2 unable to cure him.The farmer decided to see a d
19、octor in the 3 (near)town.As he loved money badly and wanted to spend as little as 4 ，he thought he would find out 5 he would pay this doctor.He was told that his patient had to pay three pounds for the first visit，and one pound 6 the second visit.The farmer thought about this for a long time.As he
20、came into the doctors room，he said，“Good morning，doctor.Here I am again.”The doctor was a little 7 .Then he asked the farmer a few questions，examined his chest and took the pound which the farmer insisted on giving him.The doctor said 8 a smile，“Well，sir.There is nothing 9 .Please continue to take t
21、he same medicine 10 I gave you the first time you came to see me.”1解析：考查词组suffer from，意为“(因而)遭受痛苦”。答案：from2解析：此处承前省略了he had，相当于he had been。答案：been3解析：根据语境与常识，此处应为到最近的镇去看医生。答案：nearest 4解析：考查词组as.as possible，因为他非常爱财，当然是尽可能少花钱。答案：possible5解析：考查宾语从句连接词的选择，从句缺了宾语，用what。答案：what6解析：考查搭配pay for，此处one pound前承前省略了pay。答案：for 7解析：考查逻辑推理，根据上下文可知，该农夫是第一次看这个医生，却对医生说再次去那儿，医生当然有点奇怪了。答案：surprised8解析：said with a smile 意为“笑着说”。答案：with9解析：根据下文可知，继续吃同样的药，那当然是“没什么新的情况”答案：new10解析：考查定语从句，“the same.that从句”表示同一事物，此处意为吃上次开的药。答案：that祝您
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