1、广西柳城县2016高考英语阅读理解（二轮）精练（3）含答案【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。One might expect that the evergrowing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longterm future of the holiday industry. E
2、very month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise(天堂) on earth. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush t
3、o make quick money out of seaside holidays, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and
4、education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the conseque
5、nt exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The onetime farmer is now the servant of some mul
6、tinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towar
7、ds those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they
8、visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the mark
9、et for these companies. If not, in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.71What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?A. The Pacific island is a paradise. B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.C. The advertisement is not conv
10、incing. D. The advertisement is not impressive.72The example of Nepal is used to suggest _A. its natural resources are untouched B. its forests are exploited for farmlandC. it develops well in health and education D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists73What can we learn about the farmers fro
11、m Paragraph 4?A. They are happy to work their own lands. B. They have to please the tourists for a living.C. They have to struggle for their independence. D. They are proud of working in multinational organizations.74Which of the following determines the future of tourism?A. The number of tourists.
12、B. The improvement of services.C. The promotion of new products. D. The management of tourism.75The authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is _A. optimistic B. doubtful C. objective D. negative【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了旅游业的发展对当地以及环境等方面的影响。71. C考查推理判断。由“Every month sees the building of
13、a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise(天堂) on earth”可知每个月广告上不停地更换所谓的太平洋上某个岛是“地球上最后的天堂”，由此可推出广告是不可信的，故选C项。72. D考查推理判断。由第三段第一、二句“Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal”可知尼泊尔的例子是用来说明其受
14、到旅游的负面影响。73. B考查推理判断。由第四段后几句“The onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.”曾经的
15、农民成为了某些跨国组织的仆人，自己不再主宰自己的生活，强颜欢笑来取悦游客谋生。74. D考查细节理解。由最后一段第一句“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate”可知旅游业的管理决定其未来。75. C考查观点态度。综观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了旅游业发展的相关问题。【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。“Indeed，”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, o
16、r bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightningbug(萤火虫)But the English were soon to stop using
17、 the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs
18、, baseball bugs, and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly
19、 to others conversations.Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties
20、” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player.”68We learn from Paragraph 1 that _AAmericans had difficulty in learning to use the word b
21、ugBGeorge Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugCthe word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryDboth Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century69What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?AExplanation. BFinding
22、.COrigin. DFault.70The passage is mainly concerned with _Athe misunderstanding of the word bugBthe development of the word bugCthe public views of the word bugDthe special characteristics of the word bug【要点综述】 本文是说明文，主要讲单词bug在意义上的发展变化。68D推理判断题。根据“在1785，华盛顿在日记中使用bug”和“在19和20世纪，英国人停止使用bug”，说明这两国人在18世纪
23、都使用过bug这个词。69D词义猜测题。根据“爱迪生把它解释为小问题或困难”可知，fault和flaw意思相近。70B主旨大意题。文章讲述了bug在意义上的发展。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013四川，E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear
24、.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influe
25、nce how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on wh
26、en we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfikel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our he
27、arts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner (扫描仪 ) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear. “We have found an important mechanism by
28、which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feeling and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said. “We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also
29、for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”文章大意：一项研究表明，人的心脏能够对人感知恐惧的反应产生影响。13What is the finding of the study? AOnes heart affects how he feels fear. BFear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat. CFear has something to do with ones health. DOnes fast heartbeats are likely to cause f
30、ear. 答案：A细节理解题，由第一段可知，研究发现心脏跳动的周期与人感觉害怕的可能性之间存在联系。14The study was carried out by analyzing _.Avolunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesBthe time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsCvolunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansDdifferent
31、 pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication答案：C细节理解题，由第四段第一句话可知，本次研究是通过向20名志愿者展示令人恐惧的图片来测验他们的反应来进行的。15Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?AOrder. BSystem. CMachine. DTreatment. 答案：B词义猜测题，由第六段可以得知，心脏和大脑能够“对话”来改变情感、减少恐惧，所依赖的当然应该是身体中的某个系统。16Th
32、is study may contribute to _.Atreating anxiety and stress betterBexplaining the cycle of fear and anxiety Cfinding the key to the heartbrain communicationDunderstanding different fears in our hearts and heads答案：A细节理解题，由文章最后一段可知，本项研究对研发解决焦虑症和由于压力大而产生的紊乱治疗方法会有帮助。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(20
33、13湖北，E)A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare su
34、rveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to
35、 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfie
36、d than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of dea
37、th within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may enc
38、ourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, t
39、he researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “
40、We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.文章大意：本文主要讲述了不同年龄段的人们对未来生活的态度，对生活的满意度和幸福指数。17According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future
41、life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.答案：B细节理解题，根据while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.可知B正确。18Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _.Ato fully e
42、njoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth答案：C细节理解题，根据“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the aut
43、hors wrote可知C正确。19How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.答案：A细节理解题，根据Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enj
44、oyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline可知A正确。20What is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.答案：D细节理解题，根据“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，”可知，他们对生活的满意度随着年龄的增长而变小。