1、典型技巧15 单一词汇含义的猜测【考情角度】考情分析说明文类阅读理解所涉及话题方方面面，但通常难度不大，应在弄清结构后再开始做。考查角度常涉及观点态度类，写作意图类或词义猜测题。【真题再现】(2018全国卷B)主题语境：健康的生活方式Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are . These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutriti
2、onal protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone f
3、ruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are . Who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit an
4、d low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several we
5、eks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a_juicer,_you can simply in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens part; they love feeding the fruit and
6、 frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1.What does the author seem to like about ？A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.2.Why is used in ？A. To make them smell better.B. To k
7、eep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.3.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink. C. A container.D. A machine.答案与解析：1.C2.B3.D1.根据题干关键词cherries定位原文第二段最后两句，结合同义转换确定答案。2.定位原文对香蕉保存方法的介绍可得出。3.根据画线词后的feed in, Out comes和feeding the fruit . the
8、machine可推出画线词含义。【技巧释义】利用语境猜词义介绍包括樱桃和蓝莓在内的水果的营养价值(第12段)介绍保存水果和让水果食用起来更美味的方法(第3段)利用juicer制作水果甜品(第4段)【词汇积累】shake n.奶昔feed vt.把放进/塞进nutritional adj.营养的ripening n.成熟in abundance大量地【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）Nowadays, many of the worlds largest brewers (a company that produces beer) are using new technologies to re
9、place the disposable, plastic six-pack beer rings with more sustainable and recyclable materials.Though mostly being used in small test trials, full adoption could have a positive environmental impact, according to some experts. Carlsberg, the Danish brewer, for example, is using glue to adhere cans
10、 in a production method that would avoid using 1,200 tons of plastic yearly, or the equal of 60 million plastic bags, once fully adopted.For most consumers, the miserable image of a seagull, turtle, or some other aquatic creature trapped or killed by the plastic rings really arouses their strong sym
11、pathy as well as their reflection on the plastic pollution issue. That is a part of the reason why brewers have zeroed in on plastic six-pack-ring packaging. Luckily, children are taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death.Developed by E6PR (Edible Six
12、 Pack Ring) programme, which is led by another brewery called Saltwater, the rings made of waste wheat in beer production are now used by 35 brewers across the globe, including in Africa, Europe, and Australia. The final goal is to ensure that they can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures or bre
13、ak down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it will take for plastic.Giving up plastic straws and beer rings may help consumers feel better about their carbon footprint, but some experts say we should also focus on other efforts. Recycling rates in the U.S. stand at just over 34
14、%. Glass, in which many brewers bottle their beer, can be difficult to recycle and transport. If brewers chose thinner glass, the improvement could prove even more beneficial to the environment than giving up plastic rings.However, there can be a risk that consumers may be more likely to litter, if
15、they think the E6PR rings are less harmful. “The idea of creating something thats litter-friendly is an issue in my mind,” says Nina Goodrich, executive director of an environmental nonprofit organization, GreenBlue. “What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sorti
16、ng.”1.What does the underlined word “adhere” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.attach.B.grasp.C.select.D.stick.2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 that .A.Carlsberg has completely relied on the use of glue to stick cans as a production method.B.It is the death of sea animals that draws peoples atten
17、tion to the plastic pollution problem.C.Children are taught to cut up the plastic rings to prevent the rings harming animals.D.Brewers have changed their packing materials due to the pressure from consumers.3.What is the authors attitude towards the E6PR rings?A.Doubtful.B.Neutral.C.Supportive.D.Ind
18、ifferent.4.Which statement is true about Nina Goodrich?A.She wishes to establish a collection and sorting system in America.B.She doesnt think the E6PR rings are harmful for aquatic animals.C.Her team has already produced some litter-friendly materials.D.She is in charge of a charity that works on p
19、rotecting ocean environment.【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是世界上许多大的啤酒生产商正在使用新技术来代替一次性塑料啤酒捆绑环，以减少对水生生物和环境的危害。1.词句猜测题。根据“.the Danish brewer, for example, is using glue to . cans in a production method ”（例如，丹麦啤酒制造商嘉士伯(Carlsberg)就在一种生产方法中使用胶水来粘接易拉罐。）可知，是用胶水来封罐，adhere意为“粘住”。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Luckil
20、y, many children are taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death.”（幸运的是，许多孩子被教导要把塑料环切碎，以减少动物可能窒息而死的机会。）可知，孩子们被教导剪碎塑料环，以防止塑料环伤害动物。故选C 。3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段作者在介绍E6PR rings的成分 (made of waste wheat)，使用范围和最终目标“The final goal is to ensure that they can be eaten ha
21、rmlessly by aquatic creatures or break down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it will take for plastic.”（最终目标是确保它们能在几周内被水生生物无害地吃掉，或在自然界中分解，而不是像塑料那样需要数年时间。）和文章最后一段第一句“Theres also the risk that if consumers think their E6PR rings are less harmful, theyll be more likely to litter
22、.”（还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为他们的E6PR环危害更小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。）可知，还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为E6PR塑料环危害较小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。所以，作者只是客观地介绍了E6PR 塑料环，作者对E6PR塑料环持中立态度。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sorting.（我们在北美所需要的是一个更好的系统来鼓励收集和分类。）”可知，她希望在美国建立一个收集和分类系统。故选A 。2Standing in
23、line for the latest iPhone at the Apple store,queuing for tickets to Wimbledon or even just waiting at the post office might just have got a lot easier.Japanese car-maker Nissan claims to have just the thing to relieve the sore legs of weary queuers.The new system of “self-driving” chairs is designe
24、d to detect when someone at the front of the queue is summoned, and automatically move everyone else one step forward in line.The new invention is shown off in a company video, which re-enacts (重视) a busy restaurant with customers waiting outside. In the video, diners are sitting in a row of chairs,
25、 but will not have to stand when the next hungry diner is called to a table. Instead the chairs, equipped with autonomous technology that detects the seat ahead, slide along a path toward the front of the line. When the person at the front of the queue is summoned, the empty chair at the front can s
26、ense it is empty and so moves out of pole position. Cameras on the remaining chairs then sense the movement and follow automatically.The system, which is similar to the kind used in Nissans autonomous vehicle technology, will be tested at select restaurants in Japan this year, Nissan said.Although T
27、okyo has some 160,000 restaurants, long queues are not uncommon. Therefore this system appeals to anyone who has queued for hours outside a crowded restaurant: it reduces the physical stress of standing in line, Nissan added.Nissan also released a short video showing the chairs being used in an art
28、gallery, moving slowly in front of the various paintings to let viewers appreciate the art without the need to stand up.5.Whats the meaning ofsummonedunderlined in paragraph 3?-A.detectedB.calledC.shownD.tested6.“Self-driving”chairs have already been used in a(an) .A.restaurantB.Apple storeC.post of
29、ficeD.art gallery7.According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A.With “self-driving” chairs, people will be released of queuing.B.The new invention is shown off in a busy restaurant.C.When the person at the front is summoned, all the chairs move out of pole position.D.Long que
30、ues are common in Tokyos restaurants.【答案】5.B6.D7.D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能消除长时间排队带来的无聊和身体上痛苦的一种新型发明装置“自动驾驶”座椅及具体使用。5.词义猜测题。根据下文“automatically move everyone else one step forward in line.” 并自动将其他所有人向前移动一步，可以推测到上文是这种新的“自动驾驶”椅子系统是为了检测前排的人何时被召唤，由此可推断summoned意为“叫，召唤”，与called同义，故选B。6.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Nissan
31、also released a short video showing the chairs being used in an art gallery, moving slowly in front of the various paintings to let viewers appreciate the art without the need to stand up.” Nissan还发布了一段短视频，展示了一家美术馆使用的椅子，在各种画作前缓慢移动，让观众无需站起来就能欣赏艺术品。由此可知美术馆已经使用了“自动驾驶”座椅，故选D。7.细节理解题。根据第四段“The new invent
32、ion is shown off in a company video, which re-enacts (重视) a busy restaurant with customers waiting outside. In the video, diners are sitting in a row of chairs, but will not have to stand when the next hungry diner is called to a table.” 该公司在一段视频中展示了这一新发明，再现了一家繁忙的餐厅，顾客在门外等候。在视频中，用餐者们坐在一排椅子上，但当下一个饥肠辘
33、辘的用餐者被叫到桌前时，他们就不用站着了。由此可知，“自动驾驶”座椅是在视频中展示，顾客坐在椅子上排队，故A.B都是错误的；根据第三段“The new system of “self-driving” chairs is designed to detect when someone at the front of the queue is summoned, and automatically move everyone else one step forward in line.” “自动驾驶”座椅的新系统设计用于检测排在队伍前面的人被召唤到时，并自动将其他所有人向前移动一步，C错误；再根
34、据倒数第二段第一句“Although Tokyo has some 160,000 restaurants, long queues are not uncommon.” 尽管东京有16万家餐馆，但排长队的情况并不少见。因此D选项正确，故选D。3When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico, I didnt check my schedule before I said yes. Id seen these insects light up the forests in
35、Tlaxcala once before, and I jumped at the chance to go back.While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that rarely seem to improve for everyday Mexicans. Though
36、necessary and important, news stories dont reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. An assignment focused on the countrys natural beauty was a welcome reprieve. I had three nights to film the magical scene in the forest. According to our guides, visitors are usua
37、lly not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod(三脚架) on a steep,
38、 rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldnt be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they crawled(爬) all over memy arms, my hair, my face. From what I observed, peak firefly pres
39、ence happens for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlightand Id grown accustomed to insects on
40、 my face.I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30-second exposure. You can trace the insects paths: Some make small loops(环), like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one d
41、irection or another.8.How did the author feel about the editors request?A.upset.B.delighted.C.confused.D.embarrassed.9.What can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in paragraph2?A.reliefB.returnC.trendD.victory10.What did the author focus on during the first two night?A.learning about the lo
42、cal travel rules.B.researching the habit of the fireflies.C.communicating constantly with the guides.D.finding the suitable spot and time to photograph.11.What is the purpose of the text?A.To tell stories about fireflies.B.To introduce a photo to readers.C.To record a travelling experience.D.To show
43、 the authors working conditions.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者拍摄的一张关于萤火虫的照片背后的故事。8.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico, I didnt check my schedule before I said yes.”（当一位编辑打电话问我是否可以拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道时，我没有查看我的时间表就答应了。）和“I jumped at t
44、he chance to go back”（我欣然接受了这个回去的机会）可知，作者没有确认自己的行程就一口答应编辑的要求，由此推知，他很高兴地接受了这个请求。故选B。9.词句猜测题。根据上文“Though necessary and important, news stories dont reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love.”（虽然新闻报道很有必要也很重要，但它并不能反映我倾心的墨西哥，那里是我爱的许多人的家园。）可知，作者作为摄影记者在墨西哥工作，记录着墨西哥人每天都面临的
45、危险状况，而这样的新闻反应不出作者喜欢的墨西哥。现在有这样一个关注墨西哥自然美的工作机会，对于作者来说是一个让他开心的缓解机会。“reprieve”和relief意思接近，意为“缓解”。故选A。10.推理判断题。文章第三段介绍了作者前两个晚上都做了什么，根据第三段内容“As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. From what I observed, peak firefly presence happens for only about 20 minu
46、tes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.”（当我开始拍摄时，我不断调整我的曝光以适应渐暗的光线。为了得到我想要的构图，我把我的三脚架放在一个陡峭的，多岩石的道路上，必须在长时间的曝光中稳定它。通常这没什么大不了的，但萤火虫们对相机很感兴趣，延伸开来，对我也很感兴趣。我一动不动地站着，他们爬在我身上我的胳膊、头发、脸。根据我的观察，萤火虫的峰值出现时间每晚只有20分钟，所以我有时间只尝试了几次。）可知，前两个晚上作者主要做的是挑选合适的地点和拍摄时间。故选D。11.推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段中的“I was reward
47、ed with the image you see here.”可知，本篇文章的目的是向读者介绍作者拍摄的照片背后的故事。故选B。4One spring, my aunt taught my sister, Lucy, and me how to fly the kite.After trying in vain to make the kite fly by dragging it along the ground, I turned to my sister for help. Lucy very kindly took it up and tossed it into the air,
48、but the kite fell down again due to my neglecting to run off at the same time. My aunt asked us to try again. Lucy once more took up the kite. However, I, who was in too great a hurry, ran off so suddenly that I pulled the kite out of her hand and it fell down to the ground again. “Who was to blame
49、now?” asked Lucy, dropping herself to the ground in anger.My aunt didnt say anything and demanded another attempt. We did it with more care this time. Unfortunately, a sudden side wind was coming, Lucy let go the kite, which was blown against some bushes, leaving the poor kite hanging with its head
50、downward. My aunt came to our rescue and rolling up the tail from the tree, my aunt led us to find a more open space to try again. Lucy tossed the kite up just as I ran off. It rose up and danced unsteadily in the air for a few seconds and then down came the kite to the ground like a frustrated lone
51、ly boy.“A few disappointments ought not to discourage you. I have wound up your string and now try again” my aunt said patiently. And we did try and succeed. The kite was carrying upward on the breeze like a merry feather. Holding fast to the stick and gazing on the kite, Lucy and I stood in great d
52、elight and excitement.If my aunt hadnt persuaded us to try again, we would have given up flying the kite. It was after this unforgettable experience that I began to appreciate the value of perseverance. Whenever I fail in my attempts to do any good thing, I let my motto be try again.12.How many time
53、s did Lucy and I try flying the kite together?A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.13.What does the underlined word “tossed” in the second paragraph mean?A.Passed.B.Threw.C.Kicked.D.Pushed.14.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text in terms of flying a kite successfully?A.The favorable weather.B.The spirit o
54、f never giving up.C.The more open space.D.The way of communication.15.Whats the authors main purpose of writing this article?A.To share his disappointing experience.B.To encourage people not to give up.C.To introduce his nice and patient aunt.D.To describe hardship in learning to fly the kite.【答案】12
55、.C13.B14.D15.B【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和Lucy多次尝试放飞风筝失败，后来姑妈鼓励她们坚持不放弃，最后放飞成功。作者从中体会到坚持的重要性。12.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“After trying in vain to make the kite fly by dragging it along the ground, I turned to my sister for help. Lucy very kindly took it up and tossed it into the air, but the kite fell down again due to m
56、y neglecting to run off at the same time. My aunt asked us to try again. Lucy once more took up the kite. However, I, who was in too great a hurry, ran off so suddenly that I pulled the kite out of her hand and it fell down to the ground again.”（我在地上拖着风筝，徒劳地想让它飞起来，于是向Lucy求助。Lucy好心地把它捡起来，抛向空中，但是风筝又掉了
57、下来，因为我没有同时跑掉。我姑妈让我们再试一次。Lucy再一次拿起风筝。然而，我太匆忙了，突然跑开了，我把风筝从她手里拽了出来，风筝又掉到了地上。）以及第三段“My aunt didnt say anything and demanded another attempt. We did it with more care this time. Unfortunately, a sudden side wind was coming, Lucy let go the kite, which was blown against some bushes, leaving the poor kite
58、hanging with its head downward. My aunt came to our rescue and rolling up the tail from the tree, my aunt led us to find a more open space to try again. ”（我姑妈什么也没说，让我们再试一次。这次我们更在乎。不幸的是，一股风从侧面突然吹来，Lucy放开了风筝，风筝被风吹到了灌木丛上，可怜的风筝头朝下挂着。姑妈来救我们，把风筝的尾巴从树上卷起，领着我们找了个比较开阔的地方再试一次。）可知，作者和Lucy共试飞了五次风筝。故选C。13.词句猜测题。
59、根据划线词后的词“.into the air”，以及根据生活常识，放风筝应该是将风筝抛向空中，才能让风筝飞起来。由此可以猜测toss 意思为“抛，投”。故选B。14.细节理解题。文章第三段中提到“Unfortunately, a sudden side wind was coming, Lucy let go the kite, which was blown against some bushes, leaving the poor kite hanging with its head downward. My aunt came to our rescue and rolling up t
60、he tail from the tree, my aunt led us to find a more open space to try again. ”（不幸的是，一股风从侧面突然吹来，Lucy放开了风筝，风筝被风吹到了灌木丛上，可怜的风筝头朝下挂着。姑妈来救我们，把风筝的尾巴从树上卷起，领着我们找了个比较开阔的地方再试一次）可知，作者因为放风筝时遇到突然刮起的侧风而放飞失败，后来姑妈又带她们到了一个开阔的地带放飞。由此可知，有利的天气、更开阔的地带有利于风筝放飞；文章第五段中提到“I began to appreciate the value of perseverance”（我开始体
61、会到坚持不懈的价值），由此可知，作者意识到坚持不放弃在成功放风筝中的重要性。而文章没有提到沟通对于放飞风筝成功的作用。故选D。15.推理判断题。通读全文，文章前面三段讲述作者多次放飞风筝失败，第四段讲述后来在姑妈的鼓励下，坚持不放弃，最后成功。文章最后一段中提到“It was after this unforgettable experience that I began to appreciate the value of perseverance. Whenever I fail in my attempts to do any good thing, I let my motto be try again. （就是在这段难忘的经历之后，我开始体会到坚持的重要性。每当我尝试做一件好事失败时，我的座右铭是再试一次 ）。”由此可以推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们不要放弃。故选B。
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