1、Period ThreeGrammar，Speaking&Writing语法专题直接引语和间接引语陈述句和疑问句交际导航口语积累运用栏目索引写作专题建议信学习直接引语和间接引语，我们要掌握：一个概念，两种形式，三种句型，四种变化。一个概念：直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫作间接引语。两种形式：直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。三种句型：陈述句、疑问句和祈使句。四种变化：人称、时态、语序和状语。n 语法精析语法专题直接引语和间接引语陈述句和疑问句一、陈述句直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导，that在口语中可以省略。The man said，
2、“I am very poor.”The man said(that)he was very poor.二、疑问句1.直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。He asked me，“Are you interested in English？”He asked me if/whether I was interested in English.2.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who，whom，whose，how，when，why，where等引导。“Why did she refuse to go there？”the teacher a
3、sked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.三、直接引语变为间接引语时的四种变化1.直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称的变化。对于人称的变化，可记住下面的顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。”(1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。She said，“My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her.(2)“二随宾”是
4、指直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。He asked Kate，“You are interested in basketball，arent you？”He asked Kate whether she was interested in basketball.(3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr.Smith said，“Jack is
5、a good worker.”Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.2.直接引语变为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时注意：直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态不发生变化的情况：(1)主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。He says，“I am very happy.”He says that he i
6、s very happy.(2)直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言时，其时态不变。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，”the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.(3)直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Tom said，“I was born on April 21,1980.”Tom said he wa
7、s born on April 21,1980.3.直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序。He asked me，“Do you really understand the meaning of the sentence？”He asked me if I really understood the meaning of the sentence.4.时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、方向性动词及情态动词的变化。引语直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis morningthat
8、 morningtomorrowthe next/following day时间状语yesterdaythe day beforelast nightthe night beforenext weekthe next/following weekagobefore地点状语herethere方向性动词bringtakecomego情态动词cancouldmusthad to，mustwillwouldshallshouldmaymight如果转述时是在原来的地方或说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。即时跟踪答案.单句语法填空1.He said that they didnt s
9、tart early they wouldnt catch the first bus.2.Mr.Green asked Lily she had written to her father the day before.3.News from Beijing said that a plane from London to New York(fall)into the sea.4.Linda said that she(go)shopping the next day.5.He said that good medicine(taste)bitter to the mouth，but(be)
10、good for a disease.whether/ifhad fallenifwould gotastesis.将下列直接引语变为间接引语答案1.Tom said to Jack，“How is your sister now？”2.She said to me，“You havent returned my books to me.”3.He asked Mom，“When shall I see my uncle with you？”Tom asked Jack how his sister was then.She told me(that)I hadnt returned her
11、books to her.He asked Mom when he should see his uncle with her.答案4.She said，“Did you visit our teacher when you stayed in Shanghai，Li Ming？”5.He said to Mr.Wang，“I came here the day before yesterday.”She asked Li Ming if/whether he had visited their teacher when he stayed in Shanghai.He told Mr.Wan
12、g(that)he had gone there two days before.n 高考链接.填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式1.You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015湖南)2.If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
13、(2015浙江)3.Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京)答案wherewhatwhatever4.James has just arrived，but I didnt know he(come)until yesterday.(2014重庆)5.Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013北京)6.“Wh
14、at do you want to be？”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh，I(be)president，”said the boy，with a smile.(2013湖南)答案was comingthatwill be.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.(2015全国，短文改错)2.Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk about what you should do
15、when a fire alarm go off.(2014四川，短文改错)答案thoughtgoes3.Do you want to know why we move last week？(2013浙江，短文改错)4.He said if I decide to do something，it takes him much time to stop me.(2013大纲全国，短文改错)says返回答案moved交际导航口语积累运用Talk about agreeing and disagreeing1.Talk about agreeing：(1)I agree.我同意。(2)Yes，I t
16、hink so.是的，我认为是这样。(3)So do I.我也是。(4)Me too.我也是。(5)Exactly.正是如此/完全正确。(6)No problem.没问题。(7)Sure.可以。(8)Certainly.可以。(9)Of course.当然。(10)All right.好的。(11)Youre right/correct.你是正确的。(12)Good idea.好主意。(13)I think thats a good idea.我认为那是一个好主意。(14)I cant agree more.我非常同意。2.Talk about disagreeing:(1)I dont th
17、ink so.我不这么认为。(2)Neither do I.我也不(赞同)。(3)Thats not right.那是不对的。(4)Yes，but.是的，但是(5)Im afraid not.恐怕不行/恐怕不是。(6)No way.没门儿。(7)Of course not.当然不行。(8)Im sorry，but I dont agree.对不起，但是我不同意。(9)I disagree.我不同意。即时跟踪语法填空Tony：Friendship gives us a feeling of security and 1.(warm)，and friendship encourages us to
18、 go ahead all the time.Everyone needs friends.Linda：I cant agree more.We cannot live without friendship just as we cannot survive without air and water.Tony：2.(luck)，we are likely to face conflicts(矛盾)when we are getting along with friends.warmthUnluckily答案Linda：The good news is that some friendship
19、 3.be mended.Tony：Oh.How can we prevent our friendship from 4.(hurt)?Linda：Friends play 5.important part in our lives，so dont take 6._for granted that friendship is always at hand.Swallow your pride.Most of us feel 7.(good)when differences are brought out into the open.Tony：Yes，you are absolutely ri
20、ght.Even the best friend makes mistakes.When your friend apologizes 8.you，you should give him or her a(n)9.to explain.答案canbeing hurtanitbettertochance/opportunityLinda：Friendship changes 10.our needs and lifestyles change.So accept that friends change from time to time.Tony：Making friends sometimes
21、 seems easy.The hard part is to keep the friendship strong during ups and downs.答案as返回写作专题建议信n 基础点拨文体指导建议信属于应用文。建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，以便让对方接受自己的想法、主张并解决有关问题。建议信可以写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法或观点；也可以写给某个组织或者机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。建议信要给出写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由，而且提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要得当，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。1.信件的基本格式。(1)信头(heading
22、)：写信人的姓名和地址要写在右上角，收信人的姓名和地址要写在左上角。(2)称呼(salutation)：对收信人的称呼，一般用Dear/My dear.。(3)正文(body)：信件的主要内容。(4)信尾客套语(complimentary close)：写信人在信的右(或左)下角写上表示自己对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称，一般有Sincerely yours，Yours sincerely，Yours truly，Yours等。(5)信尾签名(signature)：在信末写上写信人的姓名，如：Li Hua。2.建议信的特点。简明扼要、目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。3.明确写作意图。简要陈述事由，简
23、单介绍自己，注意语气。4.写作技巧与方法。针对具体情况提出善意的建议。首段：简介自己，说明目的，注意语气。主体：提出具体建议，时时提到你我，否则容易跑题写成议论文。5.总结建议。对自己提出的所有建议，简要地作个小结，提出希望采纳建议。亮点句式1.I am writing to express my views concerning.2.I would like to suggest that.3.You have asked for my advice with regard to.and I will try to make some suggestions.4.Why dont you b
24、uy a computer?5.Have you considered doing.?6.Maybe it would be better to.7.There are several things we could do.8.I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.n 佳作构建写作任务假如你是你校英语报社的编辑Miss Wang，现在小冬因不善于交流在交友过程中遇到了困难，请你用英语给他写一封100词左右的回信，给他提出一些建议和意见。审题谋篇第一步 明确要求该写作属于应用文类的书信，
25、故要用人称来写。信的主题内容是写建议。首先要明确书信双方的：自己为报社编辑，对方是寻求建议的小冬；其次要注意信的主题是关于。在给对方提出下一步的意见和建议时要用时，同时兼顾书信的特点，还会用到表达愿望的情态动词。第一身份交友中遇到的困难一般将来答案第二步 确定段落Para.1Para.2Para.3第三步 词汇热身1.交友有困难2.好恶3.与相处得好4.积极参加5.处于困境中答案陈述自己的关心；指出问题产生的原因，并提出建议；表达自己的希望与祝福。have trouble in making friendslikes and dislikesget along well withtake an
26、 active part inin trouble第四步 句式升级1.听说你交友困难，我很难过。(一般表达)Im sorry to hear that you cant make friends.(高级表达)Im sorry you are friends.2.首先，了解你同学的喜好。(一般表达)First，get to know what your classmates like and what they dont like.(高级表达)First，your classmates likes and dislikes?答案having trouble in makingwhy not le
27、arn about3.第二，积极参与班级讨论会帮你显示你的友好。(一般表达)Second，taking an active part in the discussions in your class helps to show you are friendly.(高级表达)Second，if you take an active part in the discussions in your class.it will help you to show you are friendly答案连句成篇Dear Xiao Dong，Im sorry you are having trouble in
28、 making friends.However，the situation is easy to change if you take my advice.Here are some tips to help you.First，why not learn about your classmates likes and dislikes？Then you can find you have much in common with them，and it can help you get along well with them.Second，it will help you to show y
29、ou are friendly if you take an active part in the discussions in your class.Meanwhile，you can get to know more different people around.Third，it would be a good idea to help others when they are in trouble and show them you are just kindhearted and helpful to people all around.With time going on，people will know you better and will like to make friends with you if you follow the tips above.Yours，Miss Wang返回
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