1、Unit 1 FriendshipDirect&Indirect Speechstatements and questionsUnit 1 Grammar当我们想引述别人说的话时有两种表达方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。下面我们就直接引语和间接引语进行详细的讲解。T:What did you eat this morning?S1:I ate T:What did S1 say,S2?S2:S1 said he/she had eaten direct speechindirect speechShe said,“China has been usin
2、g PSAs(公益广告)to educate people.”She said China had been using PSAsto educate people.indirect speechdirect speechWhatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?Differencesdirect speechindirect speechTo report what exactly has been saidThe words usually appear in quotation marksTo rep
3、ort the meaning of what has been said without using the exact wordsNo quotation marksHow to change direct speech intoindirect speech?a.Change what has been said to an b.object clause or an infinitive phrase;b.Change personal pronouns;c.Change tenses;d.Change adverbials of time andplace;e.Other cases
4、.He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to me,“Ive left my book in yourroom.He told me that he had left his book in my room.b.Change personal pronouns:I said to her,“I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.Direct speechIndirect speechDirect speechInd
5、irect speechSimple presentSimple futurePresent continuousPast perfectSimple pastPresent perfectcontinuousPresent perfectPast continuousPast perfectPast perfectFuture in the pastPast perfectPast perfectcon-tinuousc.The changes of the tensesSimple past He said,“I lost a key here yesterday.”He said tha
6、t he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.“I read the book here a week ago,”Jane said to him.Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.d.Change adverbials of time and placeDirect speechIndirect speechnowthentodaythat day/yesterday/on Saturday,etc.tomorrowthe next d
7、ay/the following day/on Tuesday,etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previous day/on Tuesday,etc.next weekthe week after/the following week,etc.last yearthe year before/the previous year,etc.a week ago a week before/a week earlier,etc.Direct speechIndirect speechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtake
8、e.Other casesShe said,“Ill come here again tonight.”She said she would go there again that night.He said,“I want this.”He said that he wanted that.May said to Tom,“Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May told Tom she would take some photosthere to him the next day.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的
9、真理The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.经常的习惯：He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3.历史事件：The teach
10、er said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,ought to,used to,had better等：She said to me,“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.1.转述他人的陈述陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.He said,“Im going to Beijing.”He said that he was going to Beijing.H
11、e asked,“Are you a teacher?”He asked me if/whether I was a teacher.She said,“What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句解题步骤:1.陈述句:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.tolddidntsheSarah told her friends that she didntlike computer
12、s.2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)They asked him ifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.Tom said(that)there wasnt any troubl
13、e and that he was waiting for hischange.注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that,其余的不能省略。Tom said,“There isnt any trouble andIm waiting for my change(零钱).”3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They asked him whenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harv
14、ested the wheat.harvested直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Jane said,“Im very fond of traveling.”一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?”asked John.that引导的宾语从句Jane said that she wasvery fond of traveling.whether/if 引导的宾语从句John asked Mary ifthat was her umbrella.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary,when will you return me the
15、book?”asked John.祈使句The officer said to him,“Dont leave your post.”wh-词引导的宾语从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)Lets开头的祈使句I said to him,“Lets start at once.”感叹句He said:“How happy I am!”that 引导的宾语从句I suggested to him
16、that we(should)start at once.that/what/how引导的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引起时态的变化,注意以下几个方面。直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law
17、.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般现在时“I know it,”he said.一般过去时He said that he knew it.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在进行时“Immaking coffee for you all,”she said.过去进行时She said shewas making coffee for us all.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在
18、完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成进行时He said,“Ihave beendoing it for hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he sa
19、id.过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,”she said.过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till h
20、e died?”Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般将来时He said,“We shallstart tomorrow.”过去将来时He said theywould start the next day.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _
21、.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat day单选单选2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way t
22、his week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the
23、next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had hearda week bef
24、ore C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he hearda week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked
25、her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”
26、The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise1.Alice said,“Ive just got a letter from my father.”Alice said that _ _ just got a letter from _ father.2.Jane asked Dick,“Have you finished writing the report?”Jane asked Dick _ _ _ _ writing the report
27、.sheherhad根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。whether/ifhefinishedhad3.“Dont grow plants in the same place year after year,”the farmer said.The farmer _ me _ _ _ plants in the same place year after year.4.Mr.Smith said to the girl,“I will come here to see you next Sunday.”Mr.Smith _ the girl that _ _ _ there
28、to see _ _ _ Sunday.toldnot to growtoldhe would goher thenext根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为直接引语，每空一词。1.He told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.He _ _ me,“A friend in need _ a friend indeed.”2.He said that he liked the film very much.He said,“_ _ the film very much.”saidis toIlike3.She said that she ha
29、d received a letter two days before.She said,“_ _ a letter _ _ _.”4.He asked me whether I liked black tea or green tea.He asked me,“_ _ _ black tea or green tea?”Itwo days agoDo you like received把下列的句子变成间接引语。1.“Im leaving for London next week,”my sister said to me.2.John said,“Mr.Smith has come here
30、.”3.She said,“Do you want me to help you?”John said that Mr.Smith had gone there.My sister told me that she was leaving for London the next week.She asked whether I wanted her to help me.4.“Did the man in the shop understand him at last?”she said.5.“How many people are there in your family?”he asked the boy.6.“Dont worry,”the mother said to the children.She asked whether the man in the shop understood him at last.He asked the boy how many people there were in his family.The mother told the children not to worry.
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