1、专项语法九 非谓语动词要点精析一、v.ing形式和v.ed分词1作宾语补足语ving形式与v.ed分词作宾语补足语时，v.ing形式与句子宾语之间有主动或进行意义；v.ed 分词与句子宾语之间具有被动或完成意义。Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground.詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。(主动)I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.我低头看了一眼我的脖子发现我的项链不见了。(不及物动词，状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现
2、我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。(不及物动词，完成)I want to have my hair cut.我打算理发。(被动，完成或没有一定的时间性)例(2009全国卷)They use computers to keep the traffic_smoothly.Abeing runBrun Cto run Drunning解析：句意：他们运用电脑来保持交通畅通无阻。keep后常接复合宾语，如果宾补是动词，应为doing(与宾语是主动关系)或done(与宾语是被动关系)。故选D。答案：D2作定语(1)v.ing形式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。Ch
3、ina is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。Be quiet.Theres a sleeping boy.安静点，这儿有一个睡觉的男孩。(2)v.ed分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world.发达国家也需要世界上其他国家的帮助。例(2009上 海)With the governments aid,those_by the earthquake have moved to the new
4、 settlements.A.affect B.affectingC.affected D.were affected解析：句意：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用affect的过去分词形式作主语those的后置定语，表示“受到地震影响的人们”。故选C。答案：C3作状语(1)v.ing形式可作时间、条件、原因、结果或伴随等状语，它的一般式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生的动作，它的完成式表示在谓语动词动作之前发生的动作。They entered the theatre,talking_and_laughing.他们说笑着进入了剧院。Having_won the champi
5、onship,he was awarded a million dollars.他获得了冠军，被奖励100万美元。例(2009重庆)Michaels new house is like a huge palace,_with his old one.Acomparing BcomparesCto compare Dcompared解析：句意：和旧房子相比，Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。compare与逻辑主语Michaels new house之间构成被动关系。故D项正确。答案：D(2)v.ed分词作状语时表示完成或被动的动作，它是由句子的主语承受的。而不定式和v.ing形式作状语
6、时，该动作是由句子主语发出的。Built in the Ming Dynasty,the building is still in good condition.建造于明朝的那栋建筑物现在仍然处于良好状态。Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关注，这些树会生长得更好。例(2009福建)_not to miss the flight at 15：20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.AReminding BRemindedCTo remind DH
7、aving reminded解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：有人提醒经理不要错过1520的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。主句主语the manager与remind之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除A、C、D三项，因为这三项表主动，而只有B项表被动。答案：B二、动词不定式1不定式作定语The Browns have a comfortable house to_live_in.布朗一家在一个温馨舒适的家生活。Have you got anything to_send?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)Have you got anything to_be_se
8、nt?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)She was the first woman to_win_the_gold_medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。I have no chance to_go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。2不定式作状语He got up early so_as_to_catch_the_first_bus.为了赶头班车他起得很早。To_learn_English_well,_he needs a good dictionary.为了学好英
9、语，他需要一本好词典。(而不能说：To learn English well,a good dictionary is needed.)例(2009天津)_the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.ACompleting BHaving completedCTo have completed DTo complete解析：句意：为了使项目及时完工，全体员工周末都在加班。不定式的一般式作目的状语。故选D。答案：D注意：(1)有些不定式短语可以作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。To_be_
10、honest,_I know nothing about it.说实话，我对那件事一无所知。常见的这类短语有：to tell the truth,to be frank(坦率地说)，to be exact,to begin with。(2)不定式作结果状语时，常表示一种意外的结果，尤其是和only连用时，常用only to do。He ran to the station only_to_find the train had left.他跑到火车站发现火车已开走。三、非谓语动词易错点1在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟v.ing形式作宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作
11、宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.这里禁止吸烟，但你可以吸。We dont allow smoking in the hall.我们不准在大厅内吸烟。例(2007陕西)As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area_.Aneed repairing Bneeds to repairCneeds repairing Dneed to repair解析：分数、百分数修饰名词，谓语动词的单复数取
12、决于名词，此处twothirds修饰buildings，故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings，排除B、C两项；need doingneed to be done意为“需要被做”。故选A。答案：A3独立主格结构独立主格结构，就是分词有其自己的独立主语，可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表：表现形式意义例句名词/代词v.ing形式/v.ed分词v.ing 形式表主动和进行，v.ed分词表被动和完成Weather_permitting，we
13、ll go out for awalk.Homework_finished，the boy went out toplay.不定式表将来，计划安排要做的事The_exam_to_be_heldtomorrow,I cant go to the cinema tonight.形容词/副词表明名词或代词所处的状态Our_lessons(being)over,_wewent to play football.介词短语表位置The girl is walking in the field,packet_on_back.表现形式意义例句with名词/代词v.ing形式表主动、进行They pretend
14、ed to be working all night with_their_lights_burning.v.ed分词表被动、完成She had to walk home with_her_bike_stolen.不定式表将来I cant go out to play with_so_much_homework_to_do.形容词表状态He used to sleep with_windows_open.副词表状态He went up to sleep with_lights_on.介词短语表位置The children came running toward us，with_flowers_in_their_hands.例(2010山东，29)The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already_for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid解析：A考查with的复合结构。table与lay之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即lay the table“摆放桌子”；因此用laid作宾补。答案：A
