1、核心素养提能练.阅读理解About 97% of the worlds water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas.But，as we cant drink sea water，how can it be important?Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths.Most of the different species of animals
2、and fish depend on simple plants for their food.These simple plants called algae(海藻)drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen.In fact，the algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe.How important seawater is!Each plant or anim
3、al in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain.The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals，which are in turn consumed by larger animals.These food chains are delicately balanced.The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of
4、man.People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didnt matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food.But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop.Thankfully，the world is taking steps to protect the future
5、 of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats.Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution.Finally，the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to
6、more people.This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future.We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet.How important sea water is!语篇解读海洋对人类的生存起到至关重要的作用，但是人类在很长一段时间内对海洋造成了污染和破坏，现在各国都在努力采取措施保护海洋。1People used to think that the rubbis
7、h thrown into the sea .Awouldnt harm the fish in the seaBwould change the balance of the food chainCwould be broken down in the seaDwouldnt do much harm to the sea答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，过去人类认为将垃圾倒入大海不会对大海造成破坏。2From the passage，we learn that .Amost fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seasB
8、it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chainCexcessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stocksDit wont be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，过去人们觉得过度捕捞鱼类无关紧要，现在人类已经认识到原先的做法是不正确的，而且鱼类资源已经开始减少，可知过度的捕捞造成了这一结果。3Which of the following is NO
9、T a way used to protect oceans?AThe use of international agreements.BForbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.CThe use of new techniques.DRaising peoples awareness of the need to protect oceans.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，很多国家限制鱼类的捕捞，而不是禁止，故B项不正确。4What would be the best title of the passage?AThe Importa
10、nce of SeawaterBLife in the OceansCHow to Protect Food ChainsDHow to Deal with Seawater Pollution答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段最后一句“How important seawater is！”和最后一段末句可知，本文讲述的是海水的重要性。故A项作本文标题最佳。.补全写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is no
11、thing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the
12、 French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avo
13、id the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was longlived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are pract
14、ical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still
15、differ hugely nowadays.Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the lat
16、ter(后者的) position is gaining some grounds.请根据括号里的汉语提示，补全短文。5People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin(人们对于我们皮肤上的污物有不同的看法)(要点1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France and England，believed that 6.dirt protected people from getting ill(污物保护人们不生病)(要点2)Howeve
17、r,7.people began to change their attitudes to dirt(人们开始改变对污物的态度)about 200 years ago.(要点3)People have been told that 8.washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy(洗去身体上的污物能使我们保持健康)(要点4)Nevertheless，some scientists believe that 9.exposure to some dirt may help strengthen our immune system(暴露于污物中可能会帮助增强我们的免疫系统)(要点5)