1、二十七 选修6 Unit 2Poems(限时35分钟).阅读理解A(2021金华模拟)Youve just finished a heavy meal and are full up.Suddenly,your host announces proudly that he will be serving his“house specialty”dessert,bananas flambe and that he has spent the better part of the afternoon preparing it.Even though you are full and dont ev
2、en like bananas,you accept a serving of his dessert and eat it all.Clearly,biological factors do not fully explain our eating behavior.Social factors,based on societal rules and on what we have learned about appropriate eating behavior,also play an important role.Take,for example,the simple fact tha
3、t people customarily eat breakfast,lunch and dinner at approximately the same times every day.Because we tend to eat on schedule every day,we feel hungry as the usual hour approaches.Similarly,we put roughly the same amount of food on our plate every day,even though the amount of exercise we may hav
4、e had,and consequently our need for energy supply,varies from day to day.We also tend to prefer particular food over others.Rats and dogs may be a delicacy in certain Asian cultures,but few people in Western cultures find them appealing despite their potentially high nutritional value.In sum,cultura
5、l influences and our individual habits play important roles in determining when,what,and how much we eat.Other social factors relate to our eating behavior as well.Some of us head toward the refrigerator after a difficult day,seeking comfort in a scoop of Heath Bar Crunch ice cream.Perhaps when we w
6、ere children,our parents gave us food when we were upset.Eventually,we may have learned to associate food with comfort.Similarly,we may learn that eating,which focuses our attention on immediate pleasures,provides an escape from unpleasant thoughts.Consequently,we may eat when we feel upset and anxi
7、ous.【文章大意】用餐后,面对主人端来的甜点,即使你不喜欢吃,你可能也会吃下去。作者利用举例的方法解释了饮食方面的社会因素。1.What causes you to accept the hosts dessert offer at the end of the meal?A.Your hunger.B.The hosts pride.C.The pleasant taste.D.Social politeness.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段Even though you are full and dont even like bananas,you accept a servin
8、g of his dessert and eat it all和下文出现的social factors可知,你吃下餐后的甜点是由于社交礼貌。故选D。2.The author explains the factors in eating mainly by _.A.making a comparisonB.using examplesC.analyzing the dataD.undertaking a survey【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第二段for example和第三段Rats and dogs以及第四段our parents.可知,作者利用举例的方法解释饮食方面的原因。故选B。
9、3.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A.Social Factors in Eating.B.Causes of Hunger.C.Table Manners at Meals.D.Cultural Differences in Eating.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段Even though you are full and dont even like bananas,you accept a serving of his dessert and eat it all和下文出现的social f
10、actors和第四段的Other social factors 可知,文章主要讲述饮食中的社会因素。故选A。BSpending over a year in the bleak(荒凉的)Antarctica might change your brain for the worse,according to new research out this month.It seems to show that polar explorers who lived for 14 months at an Antarctica research station experienced brain shr
11、inkage,likely as a result of their loneliness and boredom.The studys authors used MRI(核磁共振)to scan the brains of eight members of a team before they began a long stay at the German-run research station.During their mission,the team periodically took tests of their cognition and memory and provided b
12、lood samples that allowed the study authors to measure their levels of a protein important for brain health called brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).When they returned,they had their brains scanned again.Finally,compared to themselves before the mission,the explorers brains appeared to have le
13、ss grey matter on average.The shrinkage was most apparent in the hippocampus,in area of the brain key to memory and cognition.Their average levels of BDNF also dropped during the trip and didnt improve significantly even after one-and-a-half months back home.The studys findings,published in The New
14、England Journal of Medicine,arent the first to suggest that long time of being separated can change the brain.But practically all of this work has involved animals,according to the researchers.Of course,an eight-person study is small,so any of its conclusions should be taken with caution.Lead author
15、 Alexander C.Stahn,now a researcher at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania,said that the effects on the hippocampus are likely temporary,provided the scientists returned back to a life filled with social interaction and interesting things to see.Still,since people will
16、continue traveling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time,the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further.They might even prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future perhaps the only similarly scientific,months-long mission th
17、at would be even more lonely.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明,在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。介绍了这项研究的过程、相关研究人员对此的看法和这一发现的重要性。4.What will do damage to the brain according to the first paragraph?A.Doing research in brain shrinkage.B.Traveling to the Antarctica.C.Working as a researcher in a station.D.Being in a lone
18、ly place for a long time.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段Spending over a year in the bleak Antarctica might change your brain for the worse,according to new research out this month.It seems to show that polar explorers who lived for 14 months at an Antarctica research station experienced brain shrinkage,likely as
19、 a result of their loneliness and boredom.可知,根据本月公布的一项新研究,在荒凉的南极洲度过一年多可能会让你的大脑变得更糟。这似乎表明,在南极研究站生活了14个月的极地探险家的大脑出现了萎缩,可能是由于他们的孤独和无聊。由此可知,在一个孤独的地方待很长时间会对大脑造成损害。故选D。5.How did the scientists get the conclusion?A.By comparing the scanned results.B.By studying the previous figures.C.By making a long-term
20、program.D.By scanning the participants brains.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段The studys authors used MRI to scan the brains of eight members of a team before they began a long stay at the German-run research station.During their mission,the team periodically took tests of their cognition and memory and provided
21、blood samples that allowed the study authors to measure their levels of a protein important for brain health called brain-derivedneurotrophic factor(BDNF).When they returned,they had their brains scanned again.(该研究的作者在一个团队的8名成员开始在德国运营的研究站长期停留之前,使用核磁共振成像扫描了他们的大脑。在他们执行任务的过程中,团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试,并提供血样,使研究作
22、者能够测量他们的一种叫脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平,这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。当他们返回时,再次对他们的大脑进行扫描)以及第三段Finally,compared to themselves before the mission,the explorers brains appeared to have less grey matter on average.The shrinkage was most apparent in the hippocampus,in area of the brain key to memory and cognition.Their average leve
23、ls of BDNF also dropped during the trip and didnt improve significantly even after one-and-a-half months back home.可知,最后,与执行任务前相比,探险者的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显,主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。他们的平均BDNF水平在旅途中也有所下降,即使在回家一个半月后也没有明显改善。由此可知,科学家通过比较扫描结果得出结论。故选A。6.What can we infer about the explorers when they returned?A.They
24、were no longer used to the civilized world.B.They had some difficulty in remembering things.C.They became normal after one-and-a-half months.D.They published their findings in a medical magazine.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中Finally,compared to themselves before the mission,the explorers brains appeared to hav
25、e less grey matter on average.The shrinkage was most apparent in the hippocampus,in area of the brain key to memory and cognition.可知,最后,与执行任务前相比,探险家的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显,主要是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。由此可推知,当探险家返回时,他们在记忆方面有些困难。故选B。7.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.The importance of the findings.B.The disa
26、dvantage of the findings.C.The future development of the space.D.The possibility of travelling to Mars.【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据最后一段Still,since people will continue traveling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time,the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further.They might even
27、 prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future perhaps the only similarly scientific,months-long mission that would be even more lonely.可知,尽管如此,由于人们将在很长一段时间内继续往返于南极洲之间,这些发现绝对值得我们牢记在心,值得进行进一步探索。它们甚至可能会被证明与未来可能远行到火星的极少数人有关也许只有类似的科学性、长达数月的任务才会更加孤独。由此可知,最后一段主要讲了这些发
28、现的重要性。故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析During their mission,the team periodically took tests of their cognition and memory and provided blood samples that allowed the study authors to measure their levels of a protein important for brain health called brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).分析:该句是复合句。“that allowed th
29、e study authors to measure their levels of a protein”作定语,修饰先行词samples,后面的important for brain health called brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)作后置定语,修饰前面的a protein。翻译:在他们执行任务的过程中,团队成员定期进行认知和记忆测试,并提供血样,使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平,这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。.完形填空That holiday morning I didnt have to attend sc
30、hool.Usually,on holidays,Mother 1me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.On this particular morning,2,I felt like getting up early.I stood by my window overlooking the 3,having nothing better to do.But as it turned out,I was soon to learn about something 4in life.As I watched
31、several people go by,get into their cars and go off,I 5an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its 6and a basket,rags and bottles on its back-carriage.He 7from one car to another,washing and cleaning them.From the water on the ground,it seemed that he had already 8washing and cleaning about a dozen
32、 or more cars.He must have begun to work quite early in the morning.Several thoughts 9my mind as I watched him work.He wasnt well-dressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a(n)10T-shirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern 11would want to be seen riding on.But he seemed 12with life.
33、There he was,working hard at his small business,13at passers-by and stopping to chat now and then 14elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.There was a noticeable touch of 15in the way he seemed to be doing things16the windscreen,then standing back to admire it;scrubbing the wheels a
34、nd 17,standing back to see what they look like after the scrub.It was a 18to learn,I felt.At no age need one have to beg for a 19if one has good health and is willing to work hard.For a while I felt 20of myself.Young as I amjust sixteen,and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged
35、perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.【文章大意】本文是记叙文。某假日的早晨,作者起得早早的。窗外停车场上,一位普通洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情景令他悟得人生真谛:身体棒、肯劳动就会成为有用之人!1.A.forcesB.allowsC.causesD.forbids【解析】选B。句意:通常,在节假日,母亲允许我睡懒觉。forces强迫;allows允许;causes引起;forbids禁止。假日不用上学,所以母亲允许我睡懒觉。故选B。2.A.otherwiseB.thereforeC.howeverD.besides【解析】选C。句意:
36、在这个早晨,然而,我格外想早起。otherwise否则;therefore因此;however然而;besides另外。在这一天,我一反常态,起得早早的。与上文形成对比转折关系。故选C。3.A.parking lotB.bus stopC.schoolD.market【解析】选A。句意:没有更好的事可做,我站在窗边俯瞰停车场。parking lot停车场;bus stop公共汽车站;school学校;market市场。由下文对洗车工忙碌的介绍可推测作者俯瞰窗外的停车场。故选A。4.A.interestingB.surprisingC.awfulD.useful【解析】选D。句意:但事实证明,我
37、很快学到了生活中有用的一课。interesting有趣的;surprising令人惊讶的;awful可怕的;useful有用的。从最后一段看出作者通过观察洗车工忙碌而自得其乐的情形感悟到人有着勤劳而健康的双手就会成为有用之人。这确实是有益的一课。故选D。5.A.noticedB.recognizedC.calledD.assisted【解析】选A。句意:当我看到几个人经过,上了他们的车然后走了时,我注意到一个老人骑着单车,车把上挂着一只水桶,后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。noticed注意到;recognized意识到;called呼叫;assisted帮助。在忙碌而有序的洗车场上作者注意到一位
38、骑着单车前来洗车的老人。故选A。6.A.backB.handleC.wheelD.seat【解析】选B。back背部;handle把手;wheel轮子;seat座位。描绘洗车工自行车的扶手上挂着一只水桶,后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。handle 有“手柄,车把”之意。故选B。7.A.searchedB.leftC.movedD.wandered【解析】选C。句意:他从一辆车移动到另一辆车,清洗着它们。searched寻找;left离开;moved移动;wandered徘徊。洗车时当然是从一辆车洗到另一辆车。有“移动”之意。故选C。8.A.stoppedB.startedC.intendedD.
39、finished【解析】选D。句意:从地上的水可以看出,似乎他已经清洗完了大约十二辆或者更多的车辆。stopped停止;started开始;intended打算;finished完成。从文章描述淌满地的水,可以看出洗车工已洗完大约十二辆车甚至更多。故选D。9.A.crossedB.slippedC.disturbedD.inspired【解析】选A。句意:当我看着他工作时,脑子里闪过一些想法。crossed穿过;slipped滑动;disturbed干扰;inspired鼓舞。作者看到洗车工工作专注而勤劳的情形,脑子里闪过一些想法。A项符合语境。故选A。10.A.attractiveB.shi
40、nyC.simpleD.expensive【解析】选C。句意:他穿得不好,他穿着短裤和一件简单的T恤。attractive具有吸引力的;shiny有光泽的;simple简单的;expensive昂贵的。由前一句得知,洗车工穿着简朴,简单,穿着短裤和简朴的T恤衫。故选C。11.A.repairmenB.businessmenC.driversD.cyclists【解析】选D。句意:他骑的自行车绝不是专业自行车骑手想被看到骑行的那种现代的自行车。repairmen修理工;businessmen生意人;drivers司机;cyclists骑自行车的人。洗车工用的车绝不是专业自行车骑手所用的那一种。c
41、yclists 指自行车骑手。故选D。12.A.busyB.contentC.carefulD.bored【解析】选B。句意:但是他似乎对生活很满意。busy忙碌的;content满意的;careful细心的;bored感到厌烦的。be(seem)content with 表示“对满意”。根据文章所述,洗车工虽忙碌辛苦却对此很满意。故选B。13.A.wavingB.lookingC.laughingD.pointing【解析】选A。句意:他在那里,在他的小生意上努力工作,向经过的人挥着手,不时地停下来与去附近市场的老年人闲聊。waving挥动;looking看;laughing大笑;point
42、ing指向。描述洗车工工作时时而向过路人挥手,时而停下手中的活与去市场的老人小叙一番。故选A。14.A.aboutB.forC.withD.like【解析】选C。chat with sb.表示与某人闲聊。故选C。15.A.worryB.respectC.sympathyD.pride【解析】选D。句意:他做事时,有一种明显的自豪感。worry担忧;respect尊重;sympathy同情;pride自豪。根据下文描述的洗车工擦完挡风玻璃后会欣赏一番,洗完车轮后也会欣赏一番,由此可知,一股自豪(pride)满意之情溢于言表。故选D。16.A.cleaningB.fixingC.replacing
43、D.covering【解析】选A。句意:清洗挡风玻璃,然后站回去欣赏它。cleaning打扫;fixing固定,安装;replacing替代;covering覆盖。由后文的分号和scrubbing综合得知,此处用scrubbing的同义词。表示清洗挡风玻璃。故选A。17.A.stillB.yetC.againD.soon【解析】选C。句意:擦洗轮子后又退后看看它们在擦完后的样子。still仍然;yet还;again又;soon不久。前文说洗车工擦洗完挡风玻璃,就“standing back to admire it”;当洗干净车轮后又“standing back to see.”。故选C。18
44、.A.lessonB.subjectC.skillD.fact【解析】选A。句意:我觉得它是学到的一堂课。lesson课;subject科目;skill技能;fact事实。洗车工感人而令人遐思的忙碌又自得其乐的场景,仿佛给作者上了一堂人生之课。故选A。19.A.businessB.livingC.successD.right【解析】选B。句意:如果一个人有良好的健康并且愿意努力工作,在任何年龄都不需要为生活乞讨。business生意;living生活;success成功;right权利。作者得出的人生真谛有着健康的身体和勤劳的双手,任何年龄段的人都不需要乞讨谋生(过着不劳而获的生活)。故选B。
45、20.A.tiredB.doubtfulC.fearfulD.ashamed【解析】选D。句意:有一会儿,我为自己感到羞愧。tired劳累的;doubtful怀疑的;fearful可怕的;ashamed羞愧的。根据下文Young as I amjust sixteen,and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.可推断,作者为自己这么年轻而无所事事感到羞愧。故选D。【知识拓展】1.As 的倒装句型原文最后一段:Yo
46、ung as I amjust sixteen,and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.as 引导的倒装句,表语提前,意思为“尽管”。例如:Exhausted as he was,he still struggled to his feet.虽然筋疲力尽,他依然挣扎着站起来。Cute as the squirrel was,it tore my magazine.虽然松鼠很可爱,但是它撕毁了我的杂志。2.It
47、seemed that.似乎原文第三段:From the water on the ground,it seemed that he had already finished washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars.此句型实质上是“主+系+表”结构。其中it是主语,seemed为系动词,that引导表语从句。强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近实际情况的判断。例如:It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么。.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处
48、填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Beijings new Daxing International Airport is 1._(official)open for business.Its absolutely massive,2._(cover)the size of approximately 140 football fieldsthe terminal building(候机楼)alone is 700,000 square metres.The eye-catching airport terminal actually looks a little like s
49、omething out of a sci-fi film with 3._(it)spider-like shape.Passengers can find the restaurants,shops and airport security in the central part of the airport,while each“arm”of the airport will lead 4._ the boarding gates and the eight runways.The inside parts of it 5._(be)just as impressive as the a
50、irports unexpected shape,with high ceilings and swirling-type(漩涡型)architectural features throughout.It 6._(estimate)that the airport will be hosting 72 million passengers annually by 2025,7._ in fact its been designed 8._(hold)nearly 100 million passengers,so there are plenty of opportunities of exp
51、ansion down the line.The airports main construction includes extra features such as air traffic control 9._(facility)and a high-speed railway.The huge airport is being integrated into the citys existing transport links through a series of expressways to help make passengers journeys a little easier
52、too.It is 10._ worlds largest integrated transportation center.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章从各个方面介绍了北京新大兴国际机场。1.【解析】officially。考查副词。设空处所给词是修饰动词open,副词用来修饰动词。故填officially。2.【解析】covering。考查非谓语动词。句意:它绝对是巨大的,占地约140个足球场那么大,光是候机楼就有70万平方米。分析句式,设空处作句子的状语,其逻辑主语是it(机场),与cover之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词作状语。故填covering。3.【解析】its。考查代词。此处
53、是修饰后面的名词shape,因此要用形容词性物主代词。故填its。4.【解析】to。考查固定搭配。lead to是固定短语,表示“通向”。故填to。5.【解析】are。考查系动词。分析句式,本句为主系表结构,结合语境,介绍一个事物用一般现在时,主语是parts,复数形式,因此,be动词用are。故填are。6.【解析】is estimated。考查语态。主语是It,与estimate之间是被动关系。用be done,结合语境,介绍机场用一般现在时,因此填is estimated。7.【解析】but。考查连词。句意:据估计,到2025年,该机场每年将接待7 200万名乘客,但事实上,它的设计容量
54、将近1亿名乘客。根据句意可知,前后两句之间是转折关系,用but连接。故填but。8.【解析】to hold。考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句式可知,此处是作目的状语,用不定式形式。故填to hold。9.【解析】facilities。考查名词。句意:机场主要建筑包括空中交通管制设施和高速铁路等额外设施。facility是可数名词,结合句意可知,不仅有一种设施。因此,用其复数形式。故填facilities。10.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:它是世界上最大的综合运输中心。根据后面的largest可知,是最高级,最高级前要用the修饰。故填the。【知识拓展】1.It is estimated that.据估计2.be being done正在被The huge airport is being integrated into the citys existing transport links through a series of expressways to help make passengers journeys a little easier too.翻译:庞大的机场通过一系列高速公路被整合到城市现有的交通运输中,从而也使乘客的旅行变得更加轻松。本课结束
