1、Unit 4History and TraditionsDiscovering Useful Structures过去分词作定语和宾语补足语【情境探究】观察上面的句子,并说出划线部分的结构类型(1)produced by the famous director(过去分词作_)(2)played by Tom(过去分词作_)(3)cut(过去分词作_)定语定语宾语补足语【要义详析】一、过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语时的位置。(1)一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调,也可放在被修饰词之后。*We need much more qualified worker
2、s.我们需要更多的合格的工人。(前置定语)*My friend is a returned student.我的朋友是个归国的留学生。(前置定语)*They decided to change the material used.他们决定更换使用的材料。(后置定语)(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。*Mars Cat designed by Elephant Robotics is very popular at CES 2020.=Mars Cat which is designed by Elephant Robotics is very
3、 popular at CES 2020.大象机器人公司设计的“火星猫”在2020年电子消费展上很受欢迎。*The government has taken some effective measures to clean the river polluted by daily waste.政府已经采取一些有效措施清理被日常垃圾污染的河流。(3)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。*Is there anything unsolved?还有没解决的问题吗
4、?*There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来,没有什么变化。2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,且该动作已经完成。*Sometimes explorers may find some valuable treasures hidden in secret places by the ancient people.有时探险者们会发现古人藏在秘密地点的一些珍贵的宝藏。*We are trying to repair
5、the damaged houses for the villagers.我们正在努力为村民修理受损的房屋。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成,不表示被动。*The community organizes a lot of activities to help retired workers live a full and happy life.这个社区组织很多活动帮助退休工人过一种充实而快乐的生活。*The risen sun offers light and heat necessary for life on the earth.升起的太阳为地球上的生命提供必需的光和热。3.过去
6、分词(短语)作非限制性定语,相当于非限制性的定语从句,用来补充说明被修饰词的情况,通常用逗号与主句隔开。*The project designed to train students practical living skills(=which is designed to train students practical living skills)is popular with the young.用来训练学生实用生活技能的那个项目很受年轻人欢迎。*Paper cuts,used for religious purposes(=which are used for religious pu
7、rposes),can be bought in the store.用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。【名师点津】过去分词作定语(1)单个过去分词前加一名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词,放在其修饰的名词前,作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。This is a state-owned factory.这是一家国营工厂。Having travelled for a week,we arrived at the snow-covered mountain.旅行了一周之后,我们到达了那座大雪覆盖的山。(2)有些
8、过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。*There is little time left.Lets hurry up.剩余的时间不多了,我们赶快吧。*We are interested in the problems concerned and want to find out more information.我们对有关的问题很感兴趣,想了解更多信息。【巧学助记】过去分词作定语速记口诀过去分词作定语,意义用法容易记。及物动词用过分,表示被动与完成;不及物用过分时,不表被动表完成;单个过分名词前,
9、过分短语名词后,若是修饰不定代,只能放在代词后;given,left和concerned,作定语时要后置。【知识延伸】现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。(1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词多表示被动意义。*The running water(=The water which runs)in the river is very clear.河里的流水很清澈。*Nine out of ten women interviewed(=who were interviewed)about the product said they liked it.就这个产品被采访的十位妇女中有九位说她们喜欢
10、它。(2)时间关系上不同:现在分词表示正在进行的动作,而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。*We are all living in a changing world(=a world which/that is changing).我们都生活在正在发生变化的世界里。*The changed world(=The world which had changed)surprised him.已经变化了的世界令他吃惊。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。(2019浙江高考)His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas
11、 gift from his mother,a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A.G.Piccoli,_(find)in an antique shop.(2019北京高考)Earth Day,_(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.foundmarked(2019全国卷)Additionally,sitting on the grass and enjoying the tasty food
12、 and drinks _(provide)by sponsors,we will be fully absorbed in the attractive and fascinating performances.(2)The science lab _is very popular among the students in our school.去年开办的科学实验室很受我们学校学生的喜爱。providedopened last year二、过去分词作宾语补足语1.用于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe,watch,think等表示感觉或心理状态的
13、动词后作宾语补足语。*When he returned to his hometown ten years later,he found it greatly changed.当他十年后回到家乡时,他发现他的家乡变化很大。*When he woke up in the hospital,he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.当他在医院醒来时,他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。2.用于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。*He got his tooth pulled out yesterday as
14、 his toothache troubled him much.因为牙痛很困扰他,所以他昨天把牙拔了。*Dont leave what you should do today left undone until tomorrow.不要把今天应该做的事留到明天。*He spoke English slowly,and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad.在国外旅行期间,他英语说得很慢,尽力让人们理解自己的意思。3.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。*I sat in my room for a few minutes
15、 with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间里坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。*She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。【知识延伸】除过去分词形式以外,with复合结构中动词还有以下两种宾语补足语形式:*With a lot of work to do,he wasnt allowed to go out.因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。*With prices going up so fast,we cant afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。wi
16、th+宾语+现在分词该动词与宾语之间为主动关系,也可表示该动作正在进行with+宾语+动词不定式不定式表示将要发生的动作4.用于wish,want,would like,expect,order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。*I would like this matter settled at once.我希望此事立刻得到解决。*I wish my homework finished before five oclock.我希望5点前完成我的作业。【即学活用】(1)I dont _in such weather.我不想在这样的天气带孩子出去。(2)John received
17、an invitation to dinner,and _,he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个宴会邀请,由于他的工作完成了,他高兴地接受了。(3)语法填空。Can you have the washing-machine _(send)to my house?The host had to shout to make himself _(hear)above the sound of the music.want the children taken outwith his work finishedsentheard【知识延伸】过去分词、现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区
18、别非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的意义过去分词表示被动(宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者)和动作已完成现在分词表示主动(宾语为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者)和动作正在进行不定式表示动作还未发生*With what he wanted to say said,he hung off before the other side gave any response.说完了他想说的话,未等到电话的另一端给出任何回应他就挂了电话。(此处强调话是被说的且话已说完)*When I came here,I saw Li Lei reading an English book.当我来到这儿时,我看到李蕾正在读一本英
19、文书。(“读书”这一动作正在进行)*With a lot of difficult problems to deal with,the newly-elected president was in a dilemma.有很多棘手的问题要解决,这位新当选的总统处于进退两难的境地。(不定式表示动作将要发生)【语法主题应用】使用本单元所学语法知识完成下列对话。李华和同学刘青谈论他的英国之行,请根据语境和提示完成对话。Liu Qing:Welcome back.1._(旅行快乐吗)Li Hua:Wonderful.Everything in England 2._(使我兴奋).There were l
20、ots of tourist attractions such as Big Ben and Tower of London.Liu Qing:What else kept you impressed?Li Hua:On my arrival,3._(我发现自己迷路了).Whats more,I couldnt make myself understood.Did you have a good trip?made me excitedI found myself lost in the wayLiu Qing:What did you do then?Li Hua:When I was at a loss,4.I _(注意到一个中国人过马路).So,I turned to her for help.Liu Qing:You are so lucky.noticed a Chinese cross the street
