1、Unit 1CULTURAL HERITAGEPeriod ThreeDiscovering Useful Structures&Listening and Talking课前自主预习1turn to sb.for help _2take down_3piece by piece_4put together_5be safe from_6work well _7tellfrom_8forgive sb.for sth._向某人求助 记下；写下 逐渐地 放在一起；组合 免受伤害进展良好 分辨；辨别 原谅某人某事 _(据说)its a mirror that can tell right from
2、 wrong.【答案】It is said that课堂新知讲练1process n过程；进程；步骤 vt.处理；加工(P6)He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.【翻译】他向我们解释了建造如此困难的结构的过程。【用法详解】The damage is hard to avoid in the process of long distance transport.长途运输过程中，破损是难免的。The exhibition in process is well worth a visit.正在进行
3、的展览很值得一看。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Some people dont like _(process)vegetables.(2)Her novel is _ the process of being turned into a television series.(3)The material will be _(process)into plastic bottles.【答案】(1)processed(2)in(3)processed2forgive vt.&vi.原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅(P7)Forgive me for asking,but【翻译】请原谅我的冒昧，但是(
4、1)forgive sb.for sth.因某事原谅某人(2)forgive and forget不念旧恶；不记仇(3)forgiveness n原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量【用法详解】针对练习单句语法填空(1)He hoped she could forgive him _ his rudeness.(2)I loved you enough to admit that I was wrong and ask for your _(forgive)(3)She _(forgive)him and gave him a hug.【答案】(1)for(2)forgiveness(3)forgave(P7
5、)It is said that its a mirror that can tell right from wrong!【翻译】据说这是一面能分辨是非的镜子！【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：【考点提炼】(1)It is said that 据说(2)It is said that又 可 以 用 Sb./Sth.is said to do/to be doing/have done来表示。【归纳拓展】(1)It is reported that 据报道(2)It is thought that 有人认为(3)It is believed that 人们相信(4)It is announced
6、that 据宣布(5)It is wellknown that 众所周知(6)It is generally accepted that 人们普遍认为针对练习单句语法填空(1)_ is said that hes gone abroad.(2)It is _(report)that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.(3)It is wellknown _ she is a learned woman.【答案】(1)It(2)reported(3)that突 破 语 法观察领悟【例句观察】(1)She and her
7、 family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.(2)Do you still remember the chicken farm(which/that)we visited three weeks ago?(3)The course normally attracts about 100 students per day,of whom up to half will be from abroad.(4)The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher.(5
8、)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,whenthe weather may be better.(6)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.(7)Some experts think reading is the basic skill on whichschool education depends.【我的领悟】1先行词为人，且在定语从句中作主语时，可用关系
9、代词 _ 或 _，如句(4)。2当先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时，要用 _ 引导定语从句，如句(5)。3在定语从句中，指代前面的句子时，可用 _ 引导定语从句，如句(1)。4先行词为物，且在定语从句中作宾语时，可用关系代词 _ 或 _，并且可以省略关系代词，如句(2)。5当先行词为抽象名词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，要用 _ 引导定语从句，如句(6)。6.“介词关系代词”中的关系代词可以是which或whom,指人用_，如句(3)；指物用_，如句(7)。答案：1.who;that2.when3.which4.that；which5where6.whom;which(注：本系列中凡带有的内容，
10、仅供学有余力的读者选用)定语从句一、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。二、定义1限制性定语从句(1)关系代词：who，whom，whose，that，which关系副词：where，when，why，how(2)主从句关系紧密，中间不用逗号隔开；(3)定语从句是先行词不可或缺的定语，如果去掉，主句意思不完整。This is the computer(that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。(that/which在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)I liv
11、e next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹。2非限制性定语从句(1)除了关系词that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句以外，其他同限制性定语从句的关系词；(2)从句和主句关系不紧密，去掉从句，主句意思仍完整；(3)从句和主句之间用逗号隔开；(4)翻译时，非限制性定语从句可单独译为一句。My new car,which I paid several thousand pounds for,is not running well.我花了几千英镑买的那辆新汽车跑得并不好
12、。(which指代先行词 my new car)He is English,which I know from his accent.他是英国人，我是通过他的口音知道的。(which指代整个主句的内容)三、关系代词的具体应用用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/that(不可省略)who/whom/that(可省略)whose指物which/that(不可省略)which/that(可省略)whose既指人，也指物thatthat(可省略)whoseI have taken with me the two books(that/which)you asked me to return to the
13、 City Library.我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。The dogs were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.这些狗是由主人精心训练的，他们在照顾这些动物方面有丰富的经验。He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的房间里。Do you know the man(whom/who/that)we saw at the Beijing Hotel?你认识我们在北京饭店
14、见到的那个人吗？四、关系代词只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况1先行词是不定代词all,few,any,much,little,everything,something,anything,nothing等时。I am sure she has something(that)you can learn from.我相信她有你可以学习的东西。2先行词被不定代词all,few,any,much,little等所修饰时。All the books that Bob has just bought will be donated to the children.鲍勃把刚买的所有书都将捐赠给
15、孩子们。3先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.这是他读过的第一本书。4先行词被the only,the very(正是，就是),the right(正是，就是)，the just(正是，就是),the last等所修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.这正是他的那本书。5先行词中指人又指物时。They talked about the schools and teachers that they had visited.他们谈论了他们参观过的学校和拜访过的老师。
16、6当主句是以which 或who开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing there?站在那儿的那个人是谁？五、关系代词只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况1引导非限制性定语从句时。Football，which is a very interesting game,is popular all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动，在世界各地都很受欢迎。2当关系代词前有介词时。This is the house in which he once lived.这就是他曾经住过的房子。六、“介词关系代词”引导定语从句当关系代词
17、在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。在这个结构中，介词的确定的原则是：1依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。He is the man on whom you can rely.他是你可以信赖的人。2依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。Ill never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我们在农村一起工作的那一天。3根据所表达的意思来确定。The cle
18、ver boy made a hole in the wall，through which we could see what was happening inside the house.这个聪明的男孩在墙上挖了一个洞，通过这个洞我们可以看到房子里发生的事情。4表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。Julie was good at German,French and Russian，all of whichshe spoke fluently.朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这些她都说得很流利。【温馨提示】在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after
19、,look for等。七、as引导定语从句1as用作关系代词时，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中 可 作 主 语、宾 语。它 常 用 在 the sameas(同 一 类),suchas结构中。You should pay more attention to such mistakes as you made last time.你应该多注意你上次犯的那些错误。Ill buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你一样的词典。2as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，as意为“正如，正像”。as引导的定语从句通常有以下固定的表达：as we all kno
20、w 正如大家所知道的as I can remember 正如我所记得的as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as we expect 正如我们所预料的那样as you see 如你所见as has been said before 如前所述as is wellknown 众所周知as was expected 正如预料的那样as is often the case 这是常有的事追踪练习.单项选择()1.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by _ we s
21、ee the world around us.AwhichBthatCwhomDwhere()2.Lets discuss only such questions _ concern every one of us.AthatBwhichCasDwhose()3.The famous singer,_ is from Britain,has a number of devoted fans in China.AwhichBwhoCthatDwhom()4.The club _ his brother belongs to was set up in 2011.AthatBwhichCwhenD
22、where()5.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.AthatBwhichCwhenDwhere【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D5.C.合并句子1In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme.One of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation._2The old man has two daughters.Both of them work as teachers._3I lik
23、e the lovely boy.He is fond of playing basketball._【答案】1In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.2The old man has two daughters,both of whom work as teachers.3I like the lovely boy who is fond of playing basketball.随堂知能小练.单句语法填空1It is re
24、ported that two schools,both of _are being built in my home town,will open next year.2The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen.3I grew up in a small village _ everybody knew me.4One afternoon _ I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.5John invited about 40 people to his weddi
25、ng,most of _ are family members.6 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.7Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.8It will take a week for your application to _(process)9He dealt with the problem in a highly _(profession)w
26、ay.10_(enter)to the museum is free of charge.【答案】1.which2.that/which3.where4when5.whom6.where7.who8be processed9.professional10.Entrance.单项选择()1.Do you know the reason _ he is absent today?AthatBwhichCwhyDwhen()2.He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school.AthatB
27、whichCwhoDwhom()3.This is all _ I know about the matter.AwhichBwhereCwhenDthat()4.A lot of language learning,_ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life.AwhichBwhoCasDwhere()5.By boat is the only way to get here,_ is how we arrived.AthatBwhichCwhereDit()6.Please send us all the info
28、rmation _ you have about the candidate for the position.AwhichBwhoCthatDas()7.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDwhich()8.Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.AthatBwhereCitDwho()9._ i
29、s known to us,fish cant live without water.AItBWhatCWhichDAs()10.This is the room in _ my grandma used to live.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.C5.B6.C7.A8.A9.D10.B.完成句子1Ill never forget the day_ _ _ _ _(我入党时)2The first place _ _ _(他们参观的)in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.3I wish to thank Professor Smith,_ _ _(没有他的帮助)I would never have got this far.4There is no simple answer,_ _ _ _ _(这是常有的事)in science.5I dont know the reason _ _ _ _ _ _(他为什么没有来学校)as usual.【答案】1.when I joined the Party2.that they visited3without whose help4.as is often the case5why he didnt come to school课 时 作 业
