1、Unit 5 The Value of MoneyPeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课语法精讲透析情态动词的用法及过去将来时一、情态动词的用法【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析其基本用法句组1Young man,would you stop inside a moment,please?年轻人,你能进来等一会吗?May we ask what youre doing in this country and what your plans are?我们能问问你现在在这个国家做什么?有什么计划吗?Please could you advise me
2、what I should do?能不能请您就我该做什么给点建议呢?句组2It may seem lucky to you but not to me.可能对你们来说很幸运但对于我来说不幸运。句组3You mustnt do that.Its wrong.你不能这么做。这是不对的。You mustnt think we dont care about you.你千万别认为我们不关心你。You cant make me do anything against rules.你不能强迫我做任何违反规定的事情。【生成得】情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。有以下几个特点:在形式上,情态动词没有实
3、义动词的各种变化,只有could、would、had to、might等几个过去式,其他情态动词如must、ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形。在意义上,大多数情态动词有多个意义,如can可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。在用法上,情态动词与助动词一样,须后接动词原形,构成谓语动词。【研学析】1.表示能力:could表示过去的能力She can weave baskets with thread.她能用丝线编制篮子。The little boy could dance when he was two.这个小男孩两岁就会跳舞。2.表示可能和推测:may,might,could,must都
4、可表示肯定推测,其中,might语气最弱,must语气最强。must表推测时,否定句和疑问句中用can;对现在推测:情态动词+do;对过去推测:情态动词+have doneIm not sure whether Ill go to Jeff s party.I might/may go to the concert instead.我不确定是否去参加Jeff的聚会。我也有可能去听音乐会。The disease could/can have been caused by years of overwork.这种疾病可能是由于多年的超负荷工作所致。You must be Mr Smith.I wa
5、s told to pick you up.你一定是史密斯先生了,有人让我来接你。I owe you an apology.You must have found my attitude very annoying.我应该向你道歉。你一定觉得我的态度很恶劣。They cant have gone out because the lights on.他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。Theres someone knocking at the door.Who can it be?有人在敲门。能是谁呢?3.表示许可或禁止You can go home after you have finished
6、 your work.你完成工作以后就可以回家了。Sorry,but I cant leave this area as my duty is here.对不起,我不能离开我的工作区域。You may leave the book where it was.你可以把书放在原来的地方。You shouldnt take her help for granted.你不应该把她的帮助视为理所当然。We must hold out.We mustnt be frightened by the difficulties.我们必须顶住,不能被困难吓倒。4.表示发出指示或提出要求Will/would you
7、 please take her to the library?你能带她去图书馆吗?Ill have a job interview tomorrow.Could/Can you give me some advice?我明天有个面试,你能给我一些建议吗?May I trouble you to pass on a message to her?麻烦您给她捎个信儿可以吗?5.表示提出帮助或发出邀请Will/would you go with us?你愿意和我们一起去吗?May/Can I help you?我可以帮你吗?Shall we walk or take a cab?我们步行还是坐计程
8、车?6.表示提出建议You could ask the teacher for help.你可以向老师寻求帮助。Why shouldnt we buy the lady a flower?It will make her feel better.我们为什么不给那位女士买朵花呢?那应该让她感觉更好。Youd better talk about the weather with him in order to avoid the embarrassment of silence.为了避免沉默的尴尬,你最好和他谈论一下天气。You ought to ask a lawyers advice.你应当征
9、求一下律师的意见。7.表示愿望Will you take the woman to be your wife?你愿意娶这位女子为妻吗?They would like to help you if you turn to them for help.如果你向他们求助的话,他们会帮助你的。I dont like racing against time;I would rather do my work carefully and well.我愿意仔细做工作并把它做好,我不愿匆忙行事。8.表示义务和需要We must put the peoples interests above all else.
10、我们必须把人民的利益放在第一位。We have to wear uniforms at school.在学校我们必须穿校服。You ought not to waste your time.你不应该把时间浪费了。In some places,you can take some flowers but you neednt if you dont want to.在一些地方,你可以带花,但是如果你不想你不必带。【内化用】用合适的情态动词填空。In todays information age,the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a comp
11、any.Cars _ not be parked in front of the entrance of the building.A man _learn suitable ways to deal with life.How _ we bridge the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals?canmustshouldcanIf you want to see the doctor,you _ make an appointment with the teacher in advance._ you help me
12、to choose a new tie for me?must/shouldWill/May/Can二、过去将来时【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析其基本用法原句1 The two gentlemen had been having a heated argument for a couple of days,and had decided to make a bet which would settle their argument.两位绅士激烈地争吵了好几天,最后决定打赌结束这场争论。原句2 Henry hoped that the brothers would offer him some
13、 sort of work because he had no money.亨利希望那对兄弟能给他提供某种工作,因为他没有钱。原句3 They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.他们说里面那封信会给他解释那一切。原句4 They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.他们正打算找个人参与到他们的这场赌博中,这时他们看见亨利走在外面的大街上。原句5
14、 He was about to shut the door when an idea came to him.他正准备关门,突然想到一个主意。【生成得】过去将来时的常用结构是would do,另外,还有其他几种结构,如:was/were going to do,was/were about to do,和 was/were to do。【研学析】过去将来时“立足过去,着眼未来”,表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day,soon等。1.常见的结构为would+do,否定式是在wo
15、uld后面加not。We couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there.我不由得想知道要花多长时间我们才能到达那里。He said he would come,and sure enough,he did.他说要来,当真来了。He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 oclock.他许诺说直到两点他才会打开那封信。2.was/were going to+动词原形He said he was going to try for first place next
16、year.他说他明年会争取夺得第一名。He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.他告诉我们说他要参加那次会议。He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.他说将要派我去火车站接她。3.was/were about to+动词原形She said that the meeting was about to begin.她说会议就要开始了。I was about to ask him to lend me a hand when he cam
17、e just in time.我正想找他帮忙,正好他来了。He was about to have lunch when the doorbell rang.就在他要吃午饭的时候,门铃响起来了。4.was/were to+动词原形。如:He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.他和一位同事要在一所师范学校待两年教英语。The building was to be completed next month.这座建筑将在下个月竣工。e,go,arri
18、ve,leave,die 等动词,用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。He was leaving the next day.他第二天要走了。We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon.我们接到通知说领导很快就要到我们学校来了。【内化用】用所给词的适当形式填空。Miss Zhang said she _(visit)the Great Wall next summer.She told him that she _(not stay)here for long.I wasnt sure whether she _
19、(come)to my birthday party.The scientists said the worlds population _(slow)down in the future.I knew I _(make)it that I wasnt a hopeless case.would visitwould not staywas comingwould slowwas going to make常温故勤总结1.情态动词用法口诀:情态动词要记牢;动词原形来跟梢。不管人称单复数;现在过去乐逍遥。Can表能力和许可;也许可能may来表;必须一定must;should应该来报到。回答不必n
20、eednt;mustnt一定不要忘记了。否定只需接not;疑问赶紧往前跑。2.过去将来时:立足过去,着眼将来。would do最常见;was/were going to do;was/were to do;was/were about to do都可指过去将来。.根据句意用适当的情态动词填空1.I _ be deeply grateful to you for your kindness for the rest of my life.2.I _thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home
21、.3.I dont really like Jim.Why did you invite him?He _come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.课时素养达标willcantmight not4.Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?Im afraid you _,in case he comes late for the meeting.5.You _ take the book out of the reading room.Its forbidden
22、.6.Students _ have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend.7.The boy _ speak three languages when he was 12 years old.mustmustntshouldcould.根据意思完成句子1._if you_ take my application into consideration.如果你能把我的申请考虑在内我将不胜感激。2.She said that she _to help us.她说过她愿意尽自己最
23、大努力来帮我们。3.We _or well miss the train.我们最好快点,否则就赶不上火车了。I would appreciate it couldwould try her besthad better hurry4.He _what she would do next.他当时也许知道她下一步想做什么。5.He _me the truth _ his mother came in.他正要告诉我真相时他妈妈进来了。6.She and I _at an agreed place.我和她将在一个约定的地方见面。7.I _more in order to keep healthy.我应
24、该多锻炼以保持健康。might have knownwas about to tellwhenwere to meetshould take exercise.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I was at a family restaurant,a chain type,1._ offers good food at low 2._(price)and often has specials.You tend to see older people dining there who may not otherwise be able to afford
25、 to dine out.This particular day there was a couple,3._(probable)in their 80s,in the row next to 4._(I).The story playing in my mind 5._(be)that they would be using their social security check to enjoy this night out.So,when I finished my meal,I went to the register 6._(pay).I then decided I 7._ pay
26、 for this couples meal as well.I had a SMILE card but chose not to on this occasion,as I did not want them to feel as though they had to pass it on,8._(guess)that it was already difficult enough for them to just get by.I thanked the Divine that I am 9._(bless)enough to have been able to share a litt
27、le something 10._ this gentle couple.【语篇概述】本文为记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者外出用餐为一对老年夫妻结账的事。1.【解析】which。考查从句引导词。句意:我在一家连锁的家庭餐馆里,那里的食物便宜又好吃,而且经常有特价菜。分析句子可知,本句为非限定性定语从句,其中先行词为a family restaurant,在定语从句中作主语,故用which。2.【解析】prices。考查名词单复数。句意:那里的食物价格很低。各种食物有不同价格,要用复数,故用prices。3.【解析】probably。考查词性转换。句意:在我旁边的一排有一对可能有80多岁的夫妇。分析
28、句子可知,本空在句中修饰动词,要用副词形式probably,故用probably。4.【解析】mine。考查人称代词。句意:他们坐在与我相邻的一排。分析句子可知,本句比较对象为餐桌,而且后面无名词,应该用名词性物主代词,故用mine。5.【解析】was。考查时态及主谓一致。句意:我脑海中浮现的故事是,他们将用社保支票享受今晚的外出进餐。本文叙述的是过去的故事,为一般过去时态。The story为单数主语,故用was。6.【解析】to pay。考查不定式。句意:当我吃完饭后,我去收银台去付款。本处要用不定式表示目的,故用to pay。7.【解析】would。考查时态。句意:我决定要为那对老夫妇支
29、付饭费。表示过去的打算所以用过去将来时。8.【解析】guessing。考查非谓语动词。句意:因为我不想让他们觉得好像他们必须把它传下去,猜测他们已经很难把它传递下去。分析句子可知,本空在句中作伴随状语,guess的逻辑主语是“I”,二者是主动关系,因此用动词的-ing形式,故用guessing。9.【解析】blessed。考查词性转换。句意:我感谢上帝保佑我能和这对温柔的夫妇分享一些东西。此处为系表结构,要用形容词“blessed”。10.【解析】with。考查固定短语。句意:我感谢上帝保佑我能和这对温柔的夫妇分享一些东西。share sth.with sb.为固定搭配,意为“与某人分享某物”,故用with。
