1、Unit 3The world of scienceUsing language现在完成时的被动语态【语用功能】现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,但主语为动作的承受者,表示“已经被”。【情境探究】根据课文内容,用所给词完成下列句子,并把句子翻译成汉语,体会句中使用的时态和语态。1.This evening,Ill be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst,whose new book The New Age of Invention_just _ _(publish).hasbeen published_今天晚上,我会对理查德费尔赫斯特博士进
2、行访谈,他的新书发明的新时代刚刚出版。2.I guess you _ _ _(ask)about the title of your book before._have been asked我想你以前已经被问过关于你的书题目的问题。3.In addition,important advances _ _ _(make)in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power._have been made此外,由于计算机能力的提高,医学和环境科学也取得了重要进展。4.New inventions like
3、 3D printers _ _ _(use)to make replacement hearts and bone parts._5.I _also _ _(tell)that youre an inventor yourself._have been used像3D打印机这样的新发明已经被用来制造替换的心脏和骨骼部分。havebeen told我也被告知你本人就是一位发明家。6.Nothing like this _ _ _(invent)yet and Id say were a long way from an invention like that at the moment!_ha
4、s been invented还没有像这样的东西被发明,而且我得说目前我们离这样的发明还有很长一段路。【要义详析】现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即“have/has been done”。一、现在完成时态的被动语态的具体构成:1.现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式:have/has been done。2.完成时的被动语态的否定式:have/has not been done。3.现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面,即Have/Has+主语+been done。4.现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has been
5、 done。*(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range hasbeen poorly studied.由于对全球北极熊种群的研究不足,因此很难确定其数量。*They have been told many times not to make noises.他们被多次告知不要喧哗。*Has his bike been repaired?他的自行车修好了吗?*Who has been invited?谁受到了邀请?【即学活用】(1)The experi
6、ment _ _ _successfully.这个实验做得很成功。(2)The books _ _ _ _by the students.那些书还没有被学生们借走。has been donehave not been borrowed(3)_ the sports meeting _ _ _until next Friday?运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?世纪金榜导学号(4)So even the olive wreath _ _ _.就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了。Hasbeen put offhas been replaced二、现在完成时态的被动语态的用法:1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态
7、一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与 already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。*The room has already been cleaned.房间已经被清扫干净了。(意为“已不用清扫办公室了”)*The doctor hasnt been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。(意为“应派人去请医生”)*The office has just been cleaned.办公室刚被打扫过。(意为“已不用清扫房间了”)*Such a thing has never been heard of before.这样的事以前从未听说过。(意为
8、“现在才听说”)*Recently the price of TV sets has been cut.近来电视机降价了。(意为“电视机的价格现在比以前低了”)2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long.?句型中。*The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已修了两小时了。*(2019全国卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since
9、the mid-1980s.追踪北极熊数量的现代方法自从20世纪80年代中期才被采用。*How long has the project been carried out?这项工程已被实施多长时间了?【即学活用】(1)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _ _yet.詹姆斯教授将要给我们作西方文化的演讲,但是时间和地点还没有决定。hasnt beendecided(2)The watch _just _ _ _ _.这只手表刚刚被清理和修理过。(3)_ the lett
10、ers _ _?信已经寄出去了吗?(4)_ _ _ the machine _ _?这个机器被修了多长时间了?hasbeen cleaned and repairedHavebeen postedHow long havebeen repaired(5)They _ _ _ by us for two weeks.他们得到我们帮助有两周了。(6)The party _ _ _ since the New Year.自从新年就计划这次聚会了。have been helpedhas been planned【易错精点】使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题:1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即
11、 have/has和been,两者缺一不可。2.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。*The house was built last year.这房子是去年建造的。*The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。3.由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,join,marry,open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段
12、时间的状语如for four days,how long等连用,而要改换动词或时态。但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有延续性,因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。*这本书买了多久了?误:How long has this book been bought?正:How long ago was this book bought?*No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来,没有人来买过书。【即学活用】语法填空(1)The bridge _(build)last year.(2)The case _(try)recently.(3)Great changes _(take)place in my hometown.(4)So far,many villages _(visit)was builthas been triedhave takenhave been visited
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