1、第一编英语2022初 中 总 复 习 优 化 设 计CHU ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI第十二讲 主谓一致内 容 索 引知识网络建构考点探究突破知识网络建构考点探究突破主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。1.主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、从句等,谓语动词用单数形式。Coffee is more popular in Western countries.咖啡在西方国家更流行。考点一 语法
2、一致原则2.主语是复数名词、复数代词,谓语动词用复数形式。Some boys are playing in the park.一些男孩正在公园里玩。3.以and和both.and.连接的并列主语是两个或两个以上的人或事物时,谓语动词用复数形式。若并列主语表示同一人或事物(and后的主语前没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式。Both Linda and her sister are students.琳达和她妹妹都是学生。A journalist and author lives on the sixth floor.一名记者兼作家住在六楼。4.主语后跟下列词汇时,谓语动词的数和主语保持一致:w
3、ith,along with,like,except,besides,as well as,together with,including等。Jenny with her classmates reads English every morning.珍妮和她的同学们每天早上都读英语。5.“a number of+复数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。The number of doctors in the hospital is about 200 and a number of them are women doctor
4、s.这家医院大约有200名医生,很多是女医生。6.“one of+名词复数+谓语动词的单数形式”表示“之一”。One of my pen pals is from Sydney.我的笔友中有一位来自悉尼。7.none of后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。None of those books are/is good.那些书中没有一本是好的。8.由one,each other,every one,each of.做主语时,谓语动词用单数。Each of us has a math book.我们每个人都有一本数学书。9.由every,some,any等构成的复合不定代词和
5、“不定代词either/neither+of+n.”做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Everything is OK!一切顺利!Neither of the two computers is cheap.这两台电脑都不便宜。10.在定语从句中,关系代词that,which,who等做主语时,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。Do you know the boy who is sitting next to Jim?你认识正坐在吉姆旁边的那个男孩吗?11.glasses,pants,trousers,shorts,jeans,chopsticks,shoes,gloves等名词做主语时,谓语动词用
6、复数形式,但如果其前有a/this pair/kind/series of修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。This pair of gloves is old.这双手套是旧的。典例1A woman with a young boy getting into my uncles car.A.isB.areC.hasD.have解析:with连接并列主语时,谓语动词数的形式与with前面的主语保持一致。答案:A活学活用3.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of Ch
7、ina.I am also deeply moved by its stories!A.isB.amC.wasD.are答案:D解析:both.and.连接的并列主语是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式,故选D项。是指谓语动词形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式保持一致。1.有些集体名词如family,class,public,group,team,company等做主语时:(1)若表示一个集体,谓语动词用单数形式;Our class is on the third floor.我们班在三楼。(2)若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。Our class are going to vis
8、it the museum tomorrow.明天我们班要去参观博物馆。考点二 意义一致原则2.有些集体名词如people,police等,表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词如news,politics等以-s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。People love having cats as pets.人们喜欢把猫当作宠物。The news that her son had been injured was a shock to her.她儿子受伤的消息使她大为震惊。3.复数名词表示时间、长度、重量、价格、距离等意义时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Fifty y
9、ears is a long time in ones life.五十年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。Three dollars is enough for a pen.三美元足够买支钢笔了。4.“the+形容词”可以表示一类人,做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。The old need more care.老人需要更多的关爱。5.“the+姓氏的复数形式”或“the+姓氏+family”,表示“某一家人或一对夫妇”。做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The Blacks are walking along the lake.布莱克夫妇正在沿着湖边散步。典例2For kids of this age,t
10、wo hours of sitting in a classroom too long.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析:句意:对于这个年龄的孩子来说,在教室里坐两个小时太长了。two hours做主语,强调整体概念谓语动词用单数形式;本句叙述常态,应用一般现在时。故选A项。答案:A活学活用有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与靠近它的名词一致,这种原则叫作就近一致原则。考点三 就近一致原则典例3Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing.A.amB.isC.areD.be解析:neither.nor.连接并列主语时,谓语动词数的形式和最近的主语保持一致。故选A项。答案:A活学活用9.Not only my friends but also I interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.A.beB.amC.isD.are答案:B解析:not only.but also.“不但而且”,谓语动词与后面主语一致。故选B项。
