1、Part 语法专题动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。观察与发现1动词不定式作主语观察1To know oneself is difficult.人贵有自知之明。To say is one thing and to do is another.说是一回事，做又是另一回事。发现1不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语。观察2Its rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.背对着老师、拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It seemed a pity to have wasted so
2、 much time.浪费了这么多时间，真是遗憾。发现2当不定式短语较长时，通常用it作形式主语，把不定式移到谓语之后，平衡句子结构。高考例句Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.确定天才的本性并不是一件简单的事情。The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks.如果你学会了用筷子，主人会喜欢的。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语it作形式宾语，if从句作真正的宾语2.动词不定式作宾语观察1Father likes to liste
3、n to music in silence.父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg.他宁愿饿死也不愿乞讨。发现1不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。观察2We meant to have stayed there a week.我们原打算在那儿待一个星期的。I wanted to have dropped her a line,but forgot to do so.我原想写一个便条给她，但忘记了。发现2在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope,expect,intend,mean,want,forget等)的过去式
4、后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。观察3The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.老师除了叫他努力学习外，未做任何评价。He had no choice but to sit there as usual.他没有选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。发现3不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。观察4I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。发现4在feel,find,make,thi
5、nk,consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。高考例句New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.新技术使得以更快的速度且更低的价格生产新产品成为可能。The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.让我了解了露营的朋友们认为露营就意味着要成为一个开拓者。Depending on
6、which role you choose,you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water,or help to protectvaluable local cultures.根据您所选择的角色，您可以帮助增加社区获得安全饮用水的机会，或者帮助保护有价值的当地文化。If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他承担这项工作，他将别无选择，只有面对甚至更大的挑战。提示：it作
7、形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语提示：mean to do.注定做 3.动词不定式作定语观察1The future to greet us will be bright.我们的未来会十分美好的。He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。发现1不定式用来修饰前面的名词，名词与不定式之间是主谓关系。观察2I have a lot of homework to finish.我有很多家庭作业要完成。He can find no one to make friends with.他找不到
8、可与之交朋友的人。发现2不定式用来修饰前面的名词，不定式和被修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，但是又和前面的主语构成主谓关系，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。观察3He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母写信。We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。发现3不定式用来修饰前面的名词，不定式和被修饰的名词之间是同位关系。(不定式用于解释说明被修饰词的内容)高考例句It(乘出租车游览伦敦)is an expe
9、rience to be enjoyed and remembered.那是一种颇为享受并值得记忆的体验。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题有待解决。Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives,including your own.志愿活动给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。There are lots of ways to raise awarenes
10、s for a cause.引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式。提示：不定式短语作后置定语，修饰experience提示：不定式短语修饰many problems提示：不定式短语修饰a chance。a chance to do sth.做某事的机会4.动词不定式作表语观察1His wish is to become an astronaut.他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.他希望能被大学录取。发现1不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容，主语和表语的位置互换，意思不变。观察2She is to
11、blame.她应该受到责备。The house is to let.此房出租。发现2有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。高考例句Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.大多数人认为组建一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep yo
12、ur property neat,clean,and in good repair.作为一个好邻居，或许你可以做的最重要的事情之一是让你的房子整洁、干净、维修状况良好。提示：不定式短语作表语，此时可以和主语the best way.互换位置，而意思不变5.动词不定式作状语观察1To buy a computer,Im saving up money.为了买一台电脑，我正在存钱。To save the child,he laid down his life.为了救那个孩子，他献出了自己的生命。发现1不定式作目的状语，有时为了强调或突出目的，不定式常置于句首。观察2He got to the st
13、ation only to find the train had gone.他赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。What have I said to make you so angry？我说了什么话使你气成这样？发现2不定式作结果状语，往往表示一些不好的或出乎意料的结果。观察3Im glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。发现3不定式作原因状语。观察4He is slow to move.他动作很慢。This problem is easy to solve.这个问题很容易解决。The water is not fit to drink.这水不适合饮用。发现4句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语
14、或宾语。不定式位于形容词后表示方式(主动表被动)。这类形容词有easy,hard,cheap,expensive,dangerous,difficult,funny,fit,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,simple,strange,useful等。高考例句The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality.政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来改善水质。You dont have to run fast or for long to
15、 see the benefit.你不必跑得很快或者很久就能看到跑步的好处。To make it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。I would spend an hour or two on the job,only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.我会在这项工作上花一到两个小时，结果却发现，这个地区数周后又垃圾遍地。To make sure you get enough V
16、itamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sunscreen right as you head outside.为确保你摄取足够的维生素D，但仍能保护你的皮肤，就在你要外出的时候抹防晒霜。重要提示：sth.isadj.to do是英语中常见句型。这里主语sth.是do的逻辑宾语。它可转换成To do sth.isadj.或It isadj.to do sth.这里的三种句型表示同样的意思。例如：English is easy to learn.To learn English is easy.It is easy to learn English.6
17、.动词不定式作宾补观察1I heard them sing yesterday.昨天我听见他们唱歌了。Did you see him go out?你看见他出去了吗？发现1在感官动词后作宾语补足语，常跟省略to的不定式，这类动词有1感(feel)、4看(see,watch,notice,observe)、2听(hear,listen to)。观察2What would you have me do？你要我做什么？She made her husband give up smoking.她让她丈夫戒了烟。发现2在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这类动词有make,let,have等。变为
18、被动语态时，to不能省略(have没有被动语态)。观察3We consider him to be a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved that theory to be very important.他证明那个理论是很重要的。发现3在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove,want等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“to be形容词或名词”结构，think,consider,find,prove等后的to be常可省略。观察4I
19、d prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。I dont want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻烦。发现4在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等。观察5We dont allow such things to happen again.我们不容许这种事情再发生。She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她要求我在她不在的时候接电话。发现5动词advise,allow,ask,beg,
20、command,tell,invite,force,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,require,order,warn,cause等后面，多接不定式(短语)作宾语补足语。重要提示：there be句式的非限定性形式有两种基本形式：there being名词；there to be名词。这两种形式在句中作宾语时要根据其动词的用法来选择形式或形式。如：I hope there to be a house of my own in the near future.I forgot there being a man waiting
21、 for me outside.高考例句What was the authors first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?看到小马驹打滚时，作者的第一反应是什么？What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?是什么使得乔治亚同意卖她的一些物品？He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.他留了言告
22、诉钱包主人钱包是安全的，然后把钱包送到了附近的警察局。I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly,so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.我经常告诉妈妈开慢点儿，这样我就能看清我们经过的所有路标。The sign on the wall of the library says,“No magazine is allowed to be taken out of the reading room”图书馆墙上的牌子上写着：“杂志不允许带出阅览室。”Unlike f
23、ast-food places,fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.和快餐店不同，好饭店愿意让顾客待得久些并消费。They are required to process the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.我们所吃的食物被要求经过处理，以便我们能从伤痛中恢复，并恢复身体的其他几项机能。Once his message was delivered,he allowed me to s
24、tay and watch.一旦他的信息被传递了，他就允许我待在那里观察。重要提示：agree to用来表示一方提出建议，安排，计划等，另一方同意协作。指双方或多方就某事通过协商，取得一致意见，达成协议，用agree on sth.agree with sb.同意某人/某人的意见/说的话等。.单句语法填空1If theres a lot of work _(do),Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.2We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.
25、3Passengers are permitted _(carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.to doto find to carry4He told us whether _(have)a picnic was still under discussion.5The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _(explore)society for real-life experience.6Birds singing is sometimes a warn
26、ing to other birds _(stay)away.to haveto explore to stay.用非谓语动词适当形式完成句子1为了赶上早班高铁，我们起床很早。_ the early high-speed railway,we got up very early.2她总是第一个到达学校。She is always the first _.3这个班的目标是教授如何操作电脑。The class aims to teach _.4老师认为做早操对你有好处。The teacher thought it would be good for you _.5我们组长劝我什么也别说，除非有人要
27、我说。Our group leader advised me _ unless asked.To catch to arrive at school how to operate computers to do morning exercisesnot to say anything.语法填空My name is Marty Fielding.I have a muscle disease which makes me unable 1._(run)as quickly as other.2._(unfortunate),the doctors dont know how 3._(make)m
28、e better,but I have learned 4._(adapt)to my disability.In primary school some children would laugh when I got out of breath after 5._(run)a short way.But at high school my life is much 6._(easy)because my fellow students have accepted me.My ambition is 7._(work)for a company that develops computer s
29、oftware when I grow up.to runUnfortunatelyto make to adapt runningeasierto workI have a busy life and have no time 8._(sit)around feeling sorry for myself.I have to work hard 9._(live)a normal life but it has been worth it.I think everyone should not make fun of the disabled.Instead,people should give them encouragement 10._(live)as rich a life as normal people do.to sitto live to live
