1、M6U1 Grammar and Usage 导学案(present tenses)Learning aims(学习目标):(1) Master the usage of present tenses.(2) Practice about the four kinds of present tenses.Important points(学习重点) ：How to use the simple present tense; the present continuous tense; the present perfect tense; the present perfect continuou
2、s tense:Difficult points(学习难点)：Some special usage of present tenses.Learning guides( 方法导引)：compare, deduce and practiceLearning procedure（学习过程）:Step 1 Lead-inWarming up: Watch flash. Describe what youve watched, using present tenses.Step 2 General knowledge of present tensesI The present tense1 表示客观
3、事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。Galileo collected facts that proved the earth _ around the sun.A. moved B. moves C. has moved D. had moved2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在
4、的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用.He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。My mother works at the same company as my father. We always care for each other and help each other. （06 辽宁）The father as well as children _ skating every Sunday afternoon in
5、winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。Mary speaks both English and French very well. 玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。1) Can I help you, sir?Yes, I bought this radio yesterday, but it _.A. didnt workB. wont workC. cant workD. doesnt work 2
6、) (06浙江)This machine _. It hasnt worked for years. A. didn t work B. wasn t working C. doesn t workD. isn t working3) (06全国) The house belongs to my aunt but she_ here any more. A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live4) (06全国) As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ risi
7、ng these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping4 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。1) According to the time-table, the train for Shanghai _ at 7 oclock in the evening. A. leaves B. has left C. was left D. will leave2) (06四川)
8、 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20. A. takes B. tookC. will be taken D. has taken5 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。I cant leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。When you see her, just tell her th
9、at I am all right. 你见到她告诉她我很好。Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你能接受我的邀请来参加我我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴的。1) (06上海) Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _ home.A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write2)
10、 (08湖南) Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered比较：3）(06辽宁) I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _ home for dinner. A.come B
11、.comes C.has come D. will comePractice:1 The exhibition _opens_on May 1st and _closes_ at the end of June. (open; close)2 The plane _takes off_at 11:30 and _arrives_ in Shanghai at 1:20.(take off; arrive)3 _Is_there a film on tonight? (be)4 Ill give her the notebook_when I meet her_. (when)Tell me_i
12、n case he needs our help_.(in case)He will keep the work _no matter what happens_.(no matter)Translation:1 我叔叔从不来看我们。 2 这儿很少下雪。3 你老师给你们测验吗？Uncle never comes to see us / it seldom snows here/does your teacher give you tests ?II. Present continuous tense1 表示说话时正在进行的动作。what are you doing?I am writing a
13、 letter.Its raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.1、(1997NMET)-Is this raincoat yours？-No，mine_there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung2、(2000春京皖)A new cinema_here.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built2 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。
14、Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正在一边教英语一边学中文。(2005湖南，32)Since I won the big prize，my telephone hasnt stopped ringing，people_to ask how I am going to spend the money.A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning3 表示按计划近期内即将发生的动
15、作。I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要去见王先生。I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year. The plane is leaving for London soon. 飞机即将飞往伦敦。(2005浙江，12)-Are you still busy？-Yes.I_my work，and it wont take long.A.just finish B.am just finishingC.have just finished D.am just going to finish2、(2006
16、福建，24)Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seatbelts. The plane_.A.takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.took off4 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。The girl is always talking loud in public. 那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. She is constantly comp
17、laining about her fate. 她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。(2004湖南)Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_advertisements showing happy families.A.will often see B.often seeC.are often seeing D.have often see5、表示行动或状态的过程。人和事物的变化已经开始，但变化还在进行过程中，并未最后完成。表示这一类动词有go，become，get，grow，fall，turn，die，begin，drown等。如：Her
18、hair is becoming grey.Mr.Smith is beginning to regret what he has done before.People are dying in that part of the world.链接高考：(2001NMET)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy taskbecause technology_so rapidly.A.is changing B.has changedC.will have changed D.will changeNotes: 以下四类动词不宜用现
19、在进行时。A 表示心理状态、情感的动词 Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, needB 表示存在状态的动词 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend onC 表示瞬间动作的动词 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, completeD 表示感官的动词 see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, lookComparison:The id
20、ea sounds great.Why is the driver sounding his horn?I _see_what you mean. He _is seeing a doctor_the doctor now. （see）The roses _smells_nice. I _am smelling_ the roses.(smell)Fill in the blanks:People _are lying_on the beach. The city _lies_on the coast.(lie)He _is standing_ on a rock. His statue _s
21、tands_ in the city square.(stand)My father _is fitting_the parts together. The dress _fits_ my mother perfectly.(fit)The wine _tastes_ good. I _am tasting_ the wine.(taste)Translation:John is nodding his head. He is jumping up and down.He is being terribly friendly to us. The train is arriving.The B
22、oeing 747 is arriving. The old man is dying.III. The present perfect tense1 表示反复发生的经历He has hosted the show eight times. 他已经连续八次主持表演。Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows. 贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。We have been to the Great Wall many times. 我们已去过长城多次。2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。He has
23、paid his income tax. 他已经交了个人所得税。Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer! -myglasses?-Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen3 表示从过去持续到现在的动作。My mother has been ill for three days. 我妈妈已经生病3天。Most of us have studied English for 5 years. -Howar
24、eyoutoday?-Oh,I_ asillasIdonowforalongtime.A.didntfeelB.dontfeelC.wasntfeelingD.haventfelt4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。 It is (has been) +一段时间 since +从句 This (that/ It ) is the first (second) time that + 完成时 This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting.+that+完成时Its/ It has been 3 years since they got ma
25、rried. 他们结婚已有3年了。Its the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次到长城。This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。Notes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。If you have done the experiment, youll understand the theory better. 如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。Dont get off the bus until it
26、 has stopped. 车停稳之前，别忙着下车。Notes: 注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成上，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。IV. The present perfect continuous tense表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。Chinese have been making pap
27、er for more than 2000 years. 中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她从1995年就来深圳工作了。Doctors have been researching that question for many years. 多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子们一上午一直在看电视。She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她
28、的老板等了将近一个小时。Practice:have gone / have beenTonny _has gone_abroad to continue his studies.His girl friend _has been_abroad many times to see him.since /when/if We _have been_in England since I was a child.It _has been_ just a week since I met him.Ill write to him when I _have got_the book.If she _has
29、 gone_to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.(go)this morning/afternoon/season I havent seen Tom this morning. I didnt see Tom this morning.We have visited a lot of places this summer. We visited a lot of places this summer.timeIts the first time she has driven a car. Thats the third ti
30、me he has phoned her this morning.Its the first gold medal Ive had for ages.Mike likes_ traveling (travel)all year round. He _has been_(gobe) to many places of interests. But these days he has to stay at home and look after his 6-week-old baby. Because his wife also loves traveling .She _has gone_(g
31、obe) to Australia with her friends .She _will be away from_/has been away from_(leave) home for some days and she _will not return_(not return ) until next week. Oh, what a poor man!4 the present perfect continuous tense:1 叙述“最近”一直在从事的工作或活动没有明确的时间副词，可以有lately, recently等表示“最近”的词语。如： 我的背部痛，因此最近我一直睡在地板
32、上。床太软了。My back hurts, so I have been sleeping on the floor lately. The bed is too soft. 嗨，桑妮。我有几个星期没见到你了。你最近一直在做什么？Hi, Sunny. I havent seen you for weeks. What have you been doing lately?2 叙述某一动作从过去开始一直继续到现在仍在继续之中或刚刚停止至于是否仍将继续下去，见上下文义或当时情况而定。此种含义的现在完成进行时都是和for,since,all morning/day/week等时间词语用在一起。如：
33、你看书已经整整四个小时了。为什么不休息一会儿？ You have been reading for four hours. Why dont you take a break? 电话铃声响了差不多一分钟了。为什么没人接？ The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone answer it？ 从昨天晚上开始雨一直下个不停。我想知道雨何时会停。 It has been raining since last night. I wonder when it will stop.3 叙述从过去某时开始一直继续到
34、现在，但不再继续下去的事情。用进行时的作用是带有浓厚的感情色彩，也就是强调此一动作或工作持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。如： 啊，你终于来了！我等了你足足两个小时。（现在你已经来了，我等你的动作当然是结束了。） Oh! You have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two long hours. 很抱歉我迟到了。你等了很久吗？ Im so sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long? 真感谢你送的太阳镜。我一直想要一副想很久了。 Thank you so much for the sun
35、glasses. Ive been wanting a pair for a long time.Note: 叙述从过去某时到现在，或最近，一再重复的动作但是，不可明白表示重复的次数，否则必须用现在完成时。如： 我一直在敲门。我想没人在里面。 I have been knocking. I dont think anybodys in. 我已经敲了五次门。我想里面没人。 I have knocked five times. I dont think anybodys in. 你有没有收到你兄弟的来信？ 我没有，但他的太太经常收到他的信息。 - Have you received any let
36、ters from your brother? - I havent, but his wife has been hearing from him regularly. 最近天气变化无常，我常常感冒。 The weather has been changeable lately; Ive been having a lot of colds.现在完成进行时与现在完成时：expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等延续性动词表示
37、从过去开始到现在仍在继续或刚刚停止时，用现在完成时与现在完成进行时几乎无区别。如： 我学习英语已经五年了。 I have studied English for five years. I have been studying English for five years. 她从中午开始就一直坐在那里。 She has sat there since noon. She has been sitting there since noon.现在完成进行时说明的是动作本身，不管它是否已完成；现在完成时常用于强调一个完成的动作，说明动作的结果，而不是动作本身。如： My hands are very
38、 dirty. Ive been repairing the car. The car is OK again now. Ive repaired it. Shes been smoking too much recently. She should smoke less. Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty. Its nice to see you again. What have you been doing since we last met? Wheres the book I gave you? Wha
39、t have you done with it?现在完成进行时用于询问或说明动作的延续性；现在完成时用于询问或说明已经完成动作的多少或次数。如： How long have you been reading that book? How many pages of that book have you read? Mary is still writing letters. Shes been writing letters all day. Mary has written ten letters today. Theyve been playing tennis since 2 ocloc
40、k. Theyve played tennis three times this week.be, have, know等通常不可用于现在进行时的动词也不可用于现在完成进行时。此外，被动语态也不可用于现在完成进行时。如： 我们拥有这辆新车已经有一个星期了。 We have had our new car for a week. 不能说：We have been having our new car for a week. 自从发生事故以来，他就一直住在医院里。 He has been in hospital since his accident. 不能说：He has been being i
41、n hospital since his accident. 你认识他有多久了？ How long have you known him? 不能说：How long have you been knowing him?Practice:We have just moved into a new house and I _hard all morning. I _to get my new room in order. This _ easy because I _ over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather
42、small, so I _ my books on the floor. At the moment, they _every inch of floor space and I actually _ walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister _me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She _ into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on t
43、he floor. This is the prettiest carpet I _, she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, You _bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! Answers: have been working; have been trying; has not been; own; have put; cover; have to; helped; went; have ever seen; don
44、t needStep3 follow up1 How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. （2004北京春）A. has been B had been C was D will be2 I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. （2004北京春） A. wouldnt expect B havent expected C hadnt expected D wasnt expecting3 Although he has lived with us for years, h
45、e _ us much impression. (2004上海春)A hadnt left B didnt leave C doesnt leave D hasnt left4 Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to. Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! （2003全国）A do B didnt C did D dont5 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_.（
46、2003全国）A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown6 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. （2003全国）A be stayed B stay C be staying D have stayed7 _ David and Vicky _ married? (2003北京) For about three years.A How long were; being B How long have; gotC How long have
47、; been D How long did; get8 Come and see me whenever_. (2003北京)A you are convenient B you will be convenient C it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you9 When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. (2003北京)A will have finished B will finish C
48、are finishing D finish10 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. (2003北京春)A are not decided B have not been decided C has been completed D had been completed11 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全国)A hasnt written B doesnt write C wont write D
49、hadnt write12 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. （2002上海）A will graduate B will have graduated C graduates D is to graduate13 Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation? It _. （2004上海）A all depend B all depends C is all depended D is all
50、 depending14 John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (2002北京春)A had been; have seen B have been; have seenC had been; had seen D have been; had seen15 How are the team playing? Theyre playing well,
51、 but one of them _ hurt. (2002北京春)A got B gets C are being cut D had been cut16 Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春)A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut17 It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春)
52、A will not be; will know B is; will knowC will not be; know D is; know18 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. （2001全国）A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will change19 I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. （2001全国）A will play B have played C played D play20. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. （2001上海）A have survive B are to survive C would survive D will survive1-5 ACDDC6-10 BCCDD 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 CCADB
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