1、标题：voa慢速英语讲解附字幕:伊斯兰金融运作模式对应音频：1211a.mp3听力内容：How Islamic Finance WorksThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.Dubais recent debt problems have brought attention to the growth of Islamic finance. A government-owned group of companies, Dubai World, has been seeking to restructure twenty-six bi
2、llion dollars of debt. About six billion of it is in Islamic bonds, including a three and a half billion dollar bond set for repayment on Monday.The biggest difference between Western and Islamic finance involves beliefs about charging interest on borrowed money. In Islam, the basic idea is that you
3、 should not make money from money itself.Instead of interest, lenders charge fees. Ghiyath Nakshbendi at American University in Washington is an expert on Islamic financing.GHIYATH NAKSHBENDI: The bank will estimate its costs based on its fixed costs, variable costs, the cost of their employees, the
4、 rent and so on and so forth. And from that they estimate how much they are going to charge.But he points out that this system can make Islamic financing costly. The costs of the system are shared by the borrowers. The fewer the borrowers, the more each has to pay.In many cases, Islamic financing re
5、quires the lender and borrower to share profits and losses. Ghiyath Nakshbendi explains what that means with Islamic bonds, called sukuk.GHIYATH NAKSHBENDI: When we talk about sukuk, we dont guarantee a certain return.He says the bondholders are buying a share of a business or property. If business
6、is good, then they could get back more than they expected. But if it fails, then there is no guarantee of repayment. Islamic bonds can be structured in different ways, but a major idea is shared profit and loss.Professor Nakshbendi says Islamic lending practices are also supposed to be socially resp
7、onsible.In world banking, the total share of Islamic finance is less than one percent. But it is growing at a rate of fifteen to twenty percent a year. There is growing interest in Islamic banking in the West. London is becoming a center of Islamic finance. And France recently proposed changes in fi
8、nance laws to protect Islamic bondholders.Estimates differ, but as much as one and a half trillion dollars may be managed under Islamic rules.Last year, the International Monetary Fund studied the financial security of Islamic banks. It found that their lack of complex products like futures and deri
9、vatives limits the ability to spread risk.Professor Nakshbendi notes that Islamic finance does not appeal only to Muslims.GHIYATH NAKSHENDI: In Malaysia, the majority of customers in Islamic banks are non-Muslims.And thats the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. Our report
10、s are online at. Im Steve Ember.这里是VOA特别英语经济报道。最近迪拜发生的债务危机导致人们对伊斯兰金融增长的关注。政府所有的迪拜世界集团寻求重组高达260亿美元的债务。大约60亿美元以伊斯兰债券的形式发放，其中包括周一即将支付的35亿美元。西方金融和伊斯兰金融最大的分歧包括对借款收取利息方面。在伊斯兰，最基本的观念就是，你不能利用钱本身来赚钱。伊斯兰贷方不收取利息，而是收取费用。华盛顿美国大学的Ghiyath Nakshbendi是伊斯兰金融方面的专家。Ghiyath Nakshbendi：“银行基于固定成本，可变成本，雇员成本，租金等等来评估自己的成本。由此
11、他们来评估应该收取多少费用。”但是他指出，这种体系会导致伊斯兰融资成本高昂。该体系的成本由借款者分摊。借款人越少，每人需要支付的费用越高。许多情况下，伊斯兰金融体系要求借方和贷方共同分享收益和损失。Ghiyath Nakshbendi以伊斯兰债券sukuk为例解释了这种模式。Ghiyath Nakshbendi：“我们说sukuk的时候，我们不保证特定的收益。”他说，债券持有者相当于购买了一个企业或财产的股份。如果业务状况好，他们的收益会好于预期。但是如果生意失败，根本不能保证债务的偿付。伊斯兰债券可以以不同的方式组织，但是其主要的观念就是收益和损失分享。Nakshbendi教授表示，伊斯兰的
12、贷款活动也应该有社会责任。在世界银行业，伊斯兰金融的总份额不足百分之一。但是却以每年15%至20%的速度增长，这使西方世界对伊斯兰银行的兴趣不断增长。伦敦成为伊斯兰融资中心。法国最近也提议修改金融法律，保护伊斯兰债券持有人。各机构估计有所不同，但是在伊斯兰规则下管理的资金可能高达1.5兆美元。去年，国际货币基金组织研究了伊斯兰银行的金融安全性。结果发现，伊斯兰银行缺乏期货和衍生产品等复杂产品，这限制了他们分散风险的能力。Nakshbendi教授指出，伊斯兰金融不只是吸引了穆斯林。GHIYATH NAKSHENDI：“在马来西亚，大多数伊斯兰银行的顾客是非穆斯林。”1.restructure v
13、t.更改结构,重建构造,调整例句：Continue to deepen cultural restructuring.继续深化文化体制改革。2.charge vt.命令, 委托例句：He charged me to arrange everything.他要我去安排一切事务。控诉，控告，指控；指责例句：They charged that the police had beaten three students to death.他们指控警察将三名学生殴打致死。使充电例句：He is charging a storage battery.他在为蓄电池充电。索(价)；收(费)；要(人)支付(若干费
14、用)例句：The hotel charged me $100 for a room for the night.我在饭店的一个房间里住了一夜，饭店要了我100美元。记账，赊账；把…记在某人账上例句：Please charge these purchases to my account.请把购买这些东西的钱记在我的账上。3.variable adj.变化的, 可变的, 易变的，多变的，变化无常的例句：The variable weather is a great trial to me.这种多变的天气真是让我受不了。The speed of the windscreen wiper
15、s is variable.汽车挡风玻璃上雨刷的速度是可变的。4.guarantee vt.保证; 担保例句：We cant guarantee our workers regular employment.我们不能保证我们的工人定期受雇。5.responsible adj.负有责任的, 需承担责任的例句：He must be responsible to me for this matter.这件事他必须对我负责。6.differ vi.不同,不同意,与…不一致例句：Customs differ in different countries.各国风俗不同。7.future n.
16、期货1.Dubais recent debt problems have brought attention to the growth of Islamic finance.bring attention to引起某人的注意例句：There is one point I must bring to everybodys attention. 有一问题我要提请大家注意。2.The bank will estimate its costs based on its fixed costs, variable costs, the cost of their employees, the rent
17、 and so on and so forth.so on and so forth如此等等例句：Active terminology recognition, concordance searching, ergonomic user interface, and so on and so forth 积极的术语识别，一致性查找，人类环境改造学用户接口，等等3.The fewer the borrowers, the more each has to pay.the 比较级, the 比较级：表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越……就越……”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：The harder you work, the better result you’ll get.你学习越努力，成绩就越好。比较级 and 比较级：表示“越来越……”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er and -er”，如warmer and warmer越来越暧和；多音节形容词或副词用“more and more…”如more and more beautiful越来越美。
