1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家语篇阅读高分练(四)第一组(2019北京二模)Dont put it off, do it now!Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobs that have piled up to create a big problem? Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally sinc
2、e birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until its too late to do anything else.“We often put things off although we know it will make life more stressful，” says Dr.Steel, an authority on the science of motivation. “If these tasks were fun, wed just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unple
3、asant, such as the paperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits of your home that people cant see. But the fact is, the less people procrastinate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have, and the healthier they are.” This is obvious when you look at
4、the couples who dont argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people who simply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. “Weve evolved to respond to the moment, and not
5、to set our sights too far in an uncertain world，” Dr.Steel adds. “We are not set up to appreciate longterm rewards, whether its the benefit of a fouryear degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes much later.” According to Dr.Steel, we have two decisionmakin
6、g systems. They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future. We bounce between longterm goals and shortterm temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system.Lets take the example of students writing
7、essays. They should set themselves targets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr.Steel recommends such techniques, or “precommitments”， adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely
8、a task will be completed. The benefit is that youll avoid the embarrassment of not following up on something people are expecting you to dotelling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so.Overcoming_procrastination_finally_comes_down_to_planning,_which,_if_youre_not_c
9、areful,_becomes_procrastination_in_itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people dont pretend they dont procrastinate，” Dr.Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a
10、temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward.1. What does the author say about procrastination in Paragraph 1?A. It is something many people cant help.B. It is an excuse people often use in public.C. It is caused by the technol
11、ogy in peoples life.D. It is more common when people have small jobs to do.2. In Paragraph 3, Dr.Steel believes that people who procrastinate should _.A. attempt to overcome their natural tendenciesB. take the advice of others in the same situationC. be aware that their problem is relatively smallD.
12、 find out more about the way they make decisions3. Why does Dr.Steel recommend making “precommitments” in Paragraph 4?A. They are an alternative to impossible goals.B. They make challenges feel more manageable.C. They are an effective way of impressing others.D. They allow people to achieve their ai
13、ms sooner.4. What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence?A. Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively.B. Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly.C. Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized.D. Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly o
14、n a task.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，主要介绍拖延症的影响以及处理拖延症需要注意的事项。1. 答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until its too late to do anything else.”可知，拖延症是我们出生就在我们性格里面的东西，我们逃避一些枯燥或者困难的事情直到太晚
15、而什么都做不了，故可知，拖延症是很多人无法摆脱的，因为天生就有，故选A项。2. 答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Weve evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world”可知，我们已经进化到对当下做出反应，而不是把我们的目光放在一个不确定的世界里太远，故可知，要克服拖延症，还必须要克服天性，故选A项。3. 答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into so
16、mething concrete with measured progress. Dr.Steel recommends such techniques, or precommitments， adding that leaving you a month before the deadline makes it more likely a task will be completed.”可知， precommitments就是把一些似乎无尽的任务转换成一些可以量化进步的具体事务，在截止日期前给自己一个月的时间让任务完成得可能性更高，故可知， precommitments会让自己要做的事情更可
17、控，故选B项。4. 答案C解析推理判断题。本句意思为，最终解决拖延症落实到了计划，但是如果不小心，计划本身就会成为拖延症的一种表现，故可知，要计划，计划之后要立即落实，故作者说这句话的意义在于警告计划不能太拖延，故选C项。(2019天津模拟)Albert Einstein said, “Only a life lived for others is worth living.”How does this job offer sound? Youll need to be available on short notice, including late at night and on week
18、ends. You could be asked to do anything from helping at community events to responding to lifethreatening emergencies (sometimes putting your own safety at risk). This job also involves a lot of regular training. Oh, and you wont be paid for any of this. Would you take the job?This job might not nec
19、essarily appeal to everyone, but if this sounds like an opportunity youd eagerly accept, then youd fit right in with Western Australias 26，000 emergency service volunteers. The emergency services arent the only industry benefiting from volunteers. Across both Australia and America, between a quarter
20、 and half of the population volunteer each year in areas including education, sports, health, religion, and social services.What motivates people to volunteer? Yes, volunteers dont get paid. But it doesnt mean people dont get benefits from volunteering. Indeed, research shows there are significant m
21、ental health benefits coming with volunteering. It can be a means to make new friends, build new skills or try things out of your comfort zone. It can also be a means to help loved ones. A case is someone close to me who recently lost her husband to a disease. When her husband was admitted to a nurs
22、ing facility, she decided to volunteer for the patient advocacy committee. She found great support and felt she could make a difference in the lives of the patients. After her husbands passing, she decided to continue volunteering for the committee not only as a way to show gratitude for the great c
23、are her husband received but also because she made friends there. She found a way to put her career skills to use for the common good and keep active after retirement.There are countless ways to volunteer. No matter how you do it, it is definitely worth every minute you put into it.1. If we are comm
24、itted to “this job” described in Para.2, we are _.A. always in danger of losing our livesB. on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a weekC. busy providing firstaid training in communitiesD. going to work on weekends and rest on weekdays2. What does the author mainly tell us in the third paragraph?A. Not eve
25、ryone is fit to be a volunteer.B. Many industries in the world need volunteers.C. Many emergency services exist in Western Australia.D. Many people devote themselves to volunteering in Australia and America.3. We can come to the conclusion that volunteering _.A. is a winwin situationB. benefits both
26、 the body and the mindC. spreads quickly among peopleD. is hard to stick to without rewards4. The authors friend kept volunteering after her husbands death _.A. for her interest to learn career skillsB. to stay helpful and related to peopleC. as a means to get over her great lossD. because it was he
27、r husbands last will5. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To encourage volunteering.B. To advertise a job opportunity.C. To express gratitude to volunteers.D. To give advice on volunteering.答案与解析【文章结构】【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述做志愿者的好处，鼓励人们做志愿者。1. 答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Youll need to be ava
28、ilable on short notice, including late at night and on weekends.”(你需要一接到通知就得有空，包括深夜和周末。)可知，如果我们致力于第2段所述的“这项工作”，我们每周7天、每天24小时随叫随到。故选B项。2. 答案D解析段落大意题。根据第三段中“Across both Australia and America, between a quarter and half of the population volunteer each year in areas including education, sports, health,
29、 religion, and social services.”(在澳大利亚和美国，每年有四分之一到一半的人口在教育、体育、健康、宗教和社会服务等领域志愿服务。)可知，在澳大利亚和美国，许多人致力于志愿服务。故选D项。3. 答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Indeed, research shows there are significant mental health benefits coming with volunteering. It can be a means to make new friends, build new skills or try things out of
30、 your comfort zone. It can also be a means to help loved ones.(事实上，研究表明志愿服务对心理健康有很大的好处。它可以是一种结交新朋友、培养新技能或尝试新事物的方式。它也可以是帮助所爱的人的一种方式。)”可知，当志愿者既让被帮助的人受益，又让志愿者本人受益，这是一个双赢的局面。故选A项。4. 答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After her husbands passing, she decided to continue volunteering for the committee not only as a way t
31、o show gratitude for the great care her husband received but also because she made friends there.(在她丈夫去世后，她决定继续担任委员会的志愿者，这不仅是为了表达对她丈夫受到的极大关怀的感激之情，也是因为她在那里结交了朋友。)”可知，作者的朋友在她丈夫死后继续做志愿服务，以保持乐于助人的精神和与人们的交往。故选B项。5. 答案A解析目的意图题。根据最后一段中“There are countless ways to volunteer. No matter how you do it, it is d
32、efinitely worth every minute you put into it. (志愿服务有无数种方式。不管你怎么做，你投入的每一分钟都是值得的。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是“鼓励人们做志愿者”。故选A项。(2019孝义模拟)If you want to be productive, you must complete work. Almost everything we do has many stages to completion and in many situations, you dont actually create value until you finish th
33、e last stage. Farmers cant sell their grain until it is harvested. Automakers cant sell cars that have made it 90% of the way through the assembly line (生产线). Most employers arent going to pay you for having a degree unless you finished the last class and graduated.Now all those things require start
34、ing, but if you have work in progress, the most valuable thing you can do is to pick something and finish it. Finishing is where you start benefiting from the value youve created. Ive noticed that many successful people arent the ones who are the smartest or have the best ideas. They are often the o
35、nes who do the best job of taking an idea and completing it. A good idea fully carried out is better than a great idea that never gets completed.Does this mean you need to finish everything you start? Not necessarily, but if you dont think something is worth finishing, be honest with yourself and te
36、rminate the project. Dont leave hundreds of half finished efforts lying around physically or mentally acting like you are going to come back and pick them up. If you need to drop something, do so strategically and intentionally. If youve put significant effort into a project, you may still benefit f
37、rom finishing it even if you wouldnt start it again based on changed circumstances. For example, if you are in your last few months before graduating from college and realize you dont want to career in what you are majoring in, you probably should go ahead and graduate because there is significant v
38、alue in having the degreeeven if you dont intend to actually work in that field.What projects do you have that are currently in progress? Can you find something and finish it?1. Why do many people become successful according to the author?A. They are the smartest.B. They have the best ideas.C. They
39、start things smoothly.D. They make ideas fully completed.2. What does the underlined word “terminate” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Develop.B. End.C. Plan. D. Support.3. According to the author, which of the following is the correct way of creating value?A. A man decides to finish all he starts to do.B. Fa
40、rmers hurry to sell their crops before they are ripe.C. A college student chooses to study until he gets his degree.D. A student keeps a halffilled stamp album around for future use.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Finishing vs. StartingB. Well Begun Is Half DoneC. Planning vs. PerformingD.
41、 It Is Easier Said than Done答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了并非所有事情开始了都需要完成。1. 答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Ive noticed that many successful people arent the ones who are the smartest or have the best ideas. They are often the ones who do the best job of taking an idea and completing it. A good idea fully carrie
42、d out is better than a great idea that never gets completed.”可知，成功的人是那些能够把自己的好想法付诸实践并完成的人。故选D项。2. 答案B解析词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Not necessarily, but if you dont think something is worth finishing, be honest with yourself and terminate the project.”可知，开始了的事情未必将要全部完成。如果你认为某事不值得做，要忠实于自己，并可以终止它。故选B项。3. 答案C解析细节理解题
43、。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，除非你完成了最后一门课程并毕业，否则大多数雇主不会为你的学位支付薪水。因此大学生选择学习直到获得学位是能够创造价值的正确方式，故选项C正确。根据文章第三段前两句可知，不必完成所有开始了的事情，故选项A错误；根据文章第一段中“Farmers cant sell their grain until it is harvested.”可知，农民们只有等到粮食收割后才能出售他们的粮食，故选项B错误；根据文章第三段第三句可知，不要把成百上千的半途而废的工作放着，就好像你要回来把它们捡起来一样。因此选项D错误。4. 答案A解析标题判断题。本文中作者主要讨论了并非所有事情开始了
44、都需要完成。所以用标题Finishing vs. Starting。故选A项。(2019衡水模拟)At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatic
45、ally across cultures.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch (荷兰语) and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seco
46、nds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 secondsnearly twice as long as in Americans meetings.In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you dont speak at all. Its already a fail
47、ure to understand each other by speaking because youre repairing that failure by using words.In the US, it may start from the history of colonial (殖民地的) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, its hard to develop common understanding unless you talk an
48、d theres understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally devoted to developing a common life. This applies also to some extent to London.In contrast, when theres more homogeneity,_perhaps its easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family i
49、ts easier to sit in silence than with people youre less well acquainted with.1. Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?A. The Dutch. B. Americans.C. The English. D. The Japanese.2. What might the Japanese agree with in conversation?A. Speaking more gives the upp
50、er hand.B. Speak out what you have in your mind.C. Great minds think alike without words.D. The shorter talking silence, the better.3. What can we learn from the text?A. A foursecond silence in conversation is universal.B. Its hard for Americans to reach a common agreement.C. English speakers are mo
51、re talkative than Japanese speakers.D. The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.4. What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?A. Similarity. B. Difference.C. Diversity. D. Misunderstanding.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识
52、在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。1. 答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，当沉默时间到达4秒时，荷兰人和英国人就会感到不安；而日本人对于8.2秒的沉默时间感到很满意；8.2秒是美国人参加会议时能够忍受的沉默时间的两倍。故可知日本人可能在谈话中有最长沉默时间。故选D项。2. 答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段首句“In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you dont speak at all.”可知，在日本，
53、一般认为最好的交流是一句话都不说的时候。因此推断日本人认为“伟大的心灵，无言而思”。故选C项。3. 答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“For example, among your closest friends and family its easier to sit in silence than with people youre less well acquainted with.”可知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选D项。4. 答案A解析词义猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句句意是：相比而言，当有更多相
54、似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与similarity意义相近。故选A项。第二组(2019长沙模拟)The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism (相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures
55、 and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from todays
56、 popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不变的) in human nat
57、ure，” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scient
58、ific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem
59、to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.1. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?A. It introduces different cultural values.B. It explains the history of artistic works.C. It relates artistic v
60、alues to local conditions.D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.2. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _.A. great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB. history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC. popular arts are hardly distinguishabl
61、e from great artsD. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures3. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because _.A. they are results of scientific studyB. they establish some general principles of artC. they are created by the worlds greatest artistsD. they appeal
62、 to unchanging features of human nature4. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Are Popular Arts Permanent?B. Are Artistic Values Universal?C. Is Human Nature Uniform?D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了艺术价值是否是普遍的这个问题。1. 答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“The
63、values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism (相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.”可知，文化相对主义把艺术价值与当地条件联系起来。故选C项。2. 答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段末的“Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and t
64、hrough centuries.”可知，“文化相对主义把艺术价值与当地条件联系起来”这样的观点是无法解释某些艺术作品在不同文化和几个世纪中都有着激发人类心灵的能力的。可以推断出在第二段出现这些伟大的艺术家，就是为了说明这些至今还在全世界流行的伟大的艺术作品可以超越时间和国界。下文的例子就是对上文观点的解释。故选A项。3. 答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because the general principles of taste are uniform (不变的) in h
65、uman nature， the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.”可知Hume认为，一些艺术作品可以存在几个世纪，是因为他们反映了人性不变的特征。故选D项。4. 答案B解析标题归纳题。本文主要讨论了艺术价值是否是普遍的这个问题。特别在文章最后也进行了点题“Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.”，由此可知本文最佳标题，故选B项。(2019重庆模拟)In many count
66、ries, authority is seldom questioned, either because it is highly respected, or because it is feared. Because rank has been important in certain societies for a long time, people have been trained never to question those in authority. For example, children are not expected to question their teachers
67、 in school. It may be considered improper for young businessmen to suggest ideas that differ from those of older, more experienced members of the business.In other countries, including America, children are trained to question and search for answers. When a child asks a question, he will often be to
68、ld to go to the library and find the answer for himself. By the time students reach the age of 14 or 15, they may be developing exciting new ideas in all fields of science and arts. To encourage such creativity, there are many national prizes offered to students every year for their scientific disco
69、veries and artistic accomplishments.This interest in questioning and searching may be considered by some people as bad for young peoples manners, that young people lack respect for authority. This impression may be created when visitors notice young Americans asking questions and arguing with older
70、people. However, this is because many Americans have a different attitude toward authority than may exist in other areas of the world. In a work or business situation, ideas are freely and openly discussed and argued. It is important to remember that it is the persons ideas that are being questioned
71、, not the individual himself. The two are quite separate. The purpose of the searching, questioning, and arguing is to find the facts in a particular situation, and therefore a solution, so that the work of the business can progress in the most effective manner possible.As was mentioned earlier, you
72、 may notice the same questioning in social conversations. Although some individual may think that Americans are rude because of the direct manner with people, they are merely trying to learn more about your ideas.1. In many countries authority is seldom questioned for the following reasons EXCEPT th
73、at _.A. people show great respect for itB. people are afraid of itC. people dont care about itD. people are not trained to question those in authority2. National prizes are offered to students in America every year because _.A. the students of this age are very curiousB. the students often go to the
74、 library and find the answer to a question for themselvesC. the students may be developing exciting new ideas in all fields of science and artsD. the students are encouraged to develop their creativity3. From the text we can infer that _.A. young people lack respect for authority in AmericaB. what m
75、atters is that the questioning of authority leads to an effective solutionC. questioning a person is impolite and his ideas as wellD. American young people always give the impression of being rude to others4. What is possibly the best title of the text?A. Developing the Quality of QuestioningB. Rude
76、 or Honest？True AmericansC. Questioning the Authority Is ImpoliteD. Bad Manners or Good Ways 答案与解析【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章说明了在许多国家，权威很少受到质疑，要么是因为它受到高度尊重，要么是因为它令人畏惧。但是，对权威的质疑有时会有助于有效的解决方案。因此本文倡导质疑品质的发展。1. 答案C解析细节理解题。该题适宜用排除法来解答。根据第一段可知，在许多国家，权威很少受到质疑，要么是因为它受到高度尊重，要么是因为它令人畏惧。因为长期以来，等级在某些社会中一直很重要，人们也从来没有学过去质疑这
77、些权威的东西。因此排除A、B、D三项，故选C项。2. 答案D解析细节理解题。答案定位在第二段中“To encourage such creativity, there are many national prizes offered to students every year for their scientific discoveries and artistic accomplishments.”可知在美国，每年提供给学生们国家奖项是因为学生们被鼓励发展他们的创造力，故选D项。3. 答案B解析推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段中“The purpose of the searching,
78、questioning, and arguing is to find the facts in a particular situation, and therefore a solution, so that the work of the business can progress in the most effective manner possible.”可推知，重要的是，对权威的质疑导致了有效的解决方案，故选B项。4. 答案A解析标题判断题。通过阅读文章，可知这篇文章主要讲了探究、质疑和争论的目的是在特定的情况下发现事实，即本文倡导质疑品质的发展。故选A项。(2019天津模拟)In
79、 some islands north of Scotland, if head lice (头虱) left their host, he became sick and feverish. Therefore, sick people had lice put in their hair intentionally. There was a method in their madness: As soon as the lice had settled in again, the patient improved. The story explains the confusion of c
80、ause and effect. If the lice leave the sick host, it is because he has a fever and they simply get hot feet, and when the fever breaks, they return. Such false causality (假因果关系) misleads us every day.Consider the headline: “Fact: Women Who Use Shampoo XYZ Every Day Have Stronger Hair.” It says very
81、littleleast of all, that the shampoo makes your hair stronger. It might simply be the other way round: Women with strong hair tend to use Shampoo XYZand perhaps thats because it says “especially for thick hair” on the bottle.Another example: Scientists found that long periods in the hospital did har
82、m to patients. But, clearly, patients who are dismissed immediately are healthier than those who must stay on for treatment.Recently I read that students get better grades at school if their homes contain many books. This study was surely a_shot_in_the_arm for booksellers, but it was also false caus
83、ality. This simple truth is that educated parents tend to value their childrens education more than uneducated ones do, and they often have more books at home. In short, a dustcovered copy War and Peace alone isnt going to influence anyones grades; what counts is parents education levels, as well as
84、 their genes.There was also the supposed relationship between the birth rate and the numbers of stork (鹳) pairs in Germany. Both were in decline, and if you plot (描绘) them on a graph (曲线图), the two lines of development from 1965 to 1987 appeared almost the same. Does this mean the storks actually br
85、ing babies? Obviously not. This was a purely accidental connection.In conclusion: Connection is not causality. Take a closer look at linked events: Sometimes what is presented as the cause turns out to be the effect, or just the other way round, and sometimes there is no link at alljust like with st
86、orks and babies.1. According to the first paragraph, people in some islands north of Scotland _.A. found a way to get rid of head liceB. used an effective method to keep fitC. made head lice a part of their lifeD. died due to infections with head lice2. Which is an example of false causality?A. Wome
87、n with strong hair tend to use a certain shampoo.B. The birth rate and the stork population are connected.C. Longer periods in the hospital benefit patients.D. Lice can make a person sick and feverish.3. The underlined phrase “a shot in the arm” in Paragraph 4 means _.A. pain B. defeatC. guidance D.
88、 encouragement4. According to the author, students get better grades probably because _.A. their homes are full of booksB. they have read War and PeaceC. their educated parents value educationD. their parents are successful booksellers5. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _.A. connecti
89、ons are pure accidentsB. cause and effect are interdependentC. connections are mostly cause and effectD. linked events may turn out to be unrelated答案与解析【文章结构】【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章论述的是生活中存在一些假的因果关系。两者之间有联系不意味着是因果关系，关联的事件也可能是不相关的。1. 答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“In some islands north of Scotland, if head lice (头虱)
90、left their host, he became sick and feverish. Therefore, sick people had lice put in their hair intentionally. (在苏格兰北部的一些岛屿上，如果头虱离开宿主，他就会生病发烧。因此，病人故意把虱子放在头发里。)”可知，在苏格兰北部的一些岛屿上，人们把头虱作为生活的一部分。故选C项。2. 答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“There was also the supposed relationship between the birth rate and the numbers of
91、 stork (鹳) pairs in Germany. (在德国，婴儿的出生率和鹳的数量之间也存在假定的关系。)”可知，“出生率和鹳的数量是相关的。”是错误的因果关系。故选B项。3. 答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Recently I read that students get better grades at school if their homes contain many books. (最近我读到，如果学生的家里有很多书，他们在学校的成绩会更好。)”可知，这个研究对书商是一种“鼓励”，所以划线词的意思是“鼓励”。故选D项。4. 答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thi
92、s simple truth is that educated parents tend to value their childrens education more than uneducated ones do(这个简单的事实是，受过教育的父母往往比没有受过教育的父母更重视孩子的教育)”可知，根据作者的观点，学生取得更好的成绩可能是因为他们受过教育的父母重视教育。故选C项。5. 答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，联系不是因果关系。仔细观察一下关联事件：“有时候，作为原因出现的却是结果，或者正好相反，有时候根本没有关联就像鹤和婴儿。”因此，我们可以从这篇文章中得出结论，关联的事件可能
93、是不相关的。故选D项。(2019云南模拟)For centuries, people have tried to invent a perfect universal written language and Chinese has actually been considered before. Francis Bacon used to assume that a language like Chinese and its writing system would have qualified. Chinese doesnt use an alphabet based on sounds,
94、 but symbols indicating meaning.Chinese character has its special relationship between the sign and what it symbolized. Each character represents a word or a concept and you pile them up together like Lego bricks, childrens plastic building toys, to build more words. Some of them also look like what
95、 they represent. For example, a mountain may look just like a mountain with a peak in the middle. And fire resembles some blazing (燃烧的) logs. When you put them together you get volcano. Isnt that amazing?While some of them look like what they represent, most of them really dont. In fact, some of the
96、m are incredibly complicated. For instance, “Biang” is the name of a kind of noodle, which has 57 strokes (笔画). It is very hard for people to pronounce or recognize this character, let alone writing it out correctly. Chinese is so complicated that since the 1950s, a simplified system of characters h
97、as been used in mainland China. But there is a problem. Chinese characters often represent whole works, and there are a lot of them. In the Chinese dictionary there are around sixty four thousand characters.So Chinese characters might not become a universal writing system soon. The trouble is not ju
98、st inventing one, but getting people to use it. It wouldnt be easy for the whole world to agree on the same set of meanings. After all, language needs a cultural context. You cannot really just use a universal language as you like.1. What can we learn from Francis Bacon?A. He believed that Chinese w
99、riting system was perfect.B. He managed to invent a universal written language.C. He recommended Chinese to use alphabets based on sounds.D. He thought written Chinese language could be used globally.2. How does the author explain the characteristic of Chinese character?A. By analyzing structures of
100、 toys. B. By comparing concepts.C. By giving examples. D. By collecting data.3. Why do Chinese people use a simplified system of Chinese characters?A. It is hard to pronounce Chinese characters.B. It is difficult to recognize or write Chinese characters.C. It is fashionable to use simplified Chinese
101、 characters.D. It is complicated to look up Chinese characters in the dictionaries.4. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to write simplified Chinese characters.B. Why people need a universal written language.C. Chinese is a perfect universal written language.D. Whether Chinese is suitable to be
102、 a world language.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文属于议论文。本文讨论中文是否适合成为世界通用语的问题。1. 答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“Francis Bacon used to assume that a language like Chinese and its writing system would have qualified.”可推测出，Francis Bacon过去假定中文符合作全世界通用语的标准。故选D项。2. 答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“For example, a mountain may look just like a mou
103、ntain with a peak in the middle. And fire resembles some blazing (燃烧的) logs. When you put them together you get volcano.”可知，作者用举“山”和“火”的例子的方法介绍中国汉字的特点。故选C项。3. 答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句“It is very hard for people to pronounce or recognize this character, let alone writing it out correctly.”可知，由于中国汉字难识别和难写的原因，中国人开始使用简化版的汉字系统。故选B项。4. 答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讨论中文是否适合作世界通用语的问题。故选D项。高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！