1、语法专题突破专题十 情态动词和虚拟语气英 语2022内 容 索 引核心考点 课堂突破专项训练 巩固提升核心考点 课堂突破高考感悟单句填空1.(2020天津卷)Jim says we _stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.2.(2020江苏卷)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers,I _not be where I am.3.(2018北京卷)In todays information age,the loss of data _cause serious problem
2、s for a company.4.(2018江苏卷)Its strange that he _have taken the books without the owners permission.canwouldmay/canshould5.(2018江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I _(have)a second chance to become more involved.6.(2018天津卷)I cant find my purse.I _(leave)it in the supermarket ye
3、sterday,but Im not sure.7.(2018北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they _(drive)a few more kilometers.8.(2018天津卷)If we _(catch)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.9.My room is a mess,but I _clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.10.Do you h
4、ave Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I _able to reach her yesterday.hadcould/might have lefthad drivenhad caughtneedntwouldnt have been考点归纳一、情态动词考点一can与couldcan表现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去成功做成某事”时通常用was/were able toThe little boy can speak two foreign languages.Could the girl read before she went to
5、school?Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”。常用于肯定句中Although you can find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉Can I have a word with you?It wont take long.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中How can
6、 you be so careless?表示推测。常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强He cant be in the classroom;the light is not on.cannot/can never.too/enough.表示“再也不为过”You can never be too careful when driving a car.cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”You cannot choose but go with me.考点二shall 用于第
7、二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shallYou shall do as your father says.Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示Shall the man standing outside have a try?考点三must 表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。对比:have to表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态The work must be fini
8、shed as soon as possible.OK,then,you mustnt forget your medical card.以must开头的问句,其否定回答用neednt或dont have toMust I pay in cash?No,you neednt/dont have to.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪Can I smoke here?No.Go to the smoking section,if you must.表示对具体事情的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中Since nobody gave him any help,h
9、e must have done the research on his own.考点四should与ought to 表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。ought to的语气比should强烈Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.表示推测,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼Its nearly 8 oclock.He should be here at the moment.表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然”You should wear slippers in the cl
10、assroom.用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气If I should see him,I would tell him the news.考点五will与would 表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿If you will read the book,Ill give it to you.表示请求、建议,常用于第二人称,用在疑问句中。would语气较委婉Will you please close the window?表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“总是,惯于”The door wouldnt open,no matter how hard
11、 she pushed.注意would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me toDisneyland at weekends.考点六may与might 表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉You may use my bike.表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱Life is unpredictable;even
12、 the poorest might/may become the richest.may/might as well+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如”You may/might as well do it at once.may well+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”He may well be late for class.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿May you return in safety!考点七need 与dare 两者都可以作为情态动词和实义动词。当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作实义动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构
13、成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare用作实义动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的toIve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we neednt bring anything with us?The little girl didnt dare(to)go out at night alone.need用作实义动词时,若主语为动作的承受者,用谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be r
14、epaired.I dare say为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.考点八情态动词表推测在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理论上的可能性The news must be true.在否定句中只能用cannot/cant和may not。cant(不可能)语气比may not(可能不、也许不)更强The news cant be true.在疑问句中只能用can,不能用may和mustCan the news be
15、true?should 与ought to 可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼,常译为“按理应当”He should/ought to be here on timehe started early.考点九情态动词+have done could have done本可以You could have passed the exam,but you were so careless.cant/couldnt have done不可能做过I couldnt have enjoyed myself moreit was a perfect day.may/might have done可能做过Sorry,
16、Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.must have done一定做过The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.should/ought to have done本应该/竟然做过Look!There are so many mistakes in your composition.You should have fixed full attention on it.neednt have done本不需要做You nee
17、dnt have gone to school,for it is Sunday today.had better have done当时最好做过We had better have remained at home when our uncle visited us that day.would like/love to have done宁愿做过I would like to have helped you,but I was too busy then.二、虚拟语气考点一虚拟语气用于条件句中If条件句的虚拟语气用法例句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)主句动词:should
18、/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here,he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If I had been free,I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go camping.注意1.有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条
19、件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully.2.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.(从句说的是过去的情况,主
20、句说的是现在的情况)If I were you,I would have gone abroad.(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况)3.省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。If I were you,I would go to the party.Were I you,I would go to the party.If it should happen,what would you do?Should it happen,what would youdo?If you had come earli
21、er,you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier,youwould catch the bus.考点二wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法与现在事实相反过去式(be动词用were)Do you like the school?Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller.与过去事实相反had+过去分词I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.与
22、将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形I wish it would be fine tomorrow.考点三谓语必须用“(should+)动词原形”的情况表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it作形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+)动词原形”。The teacher ordere
23、d that the homework(should)be handed in on time.My mom suggests that we(should)eat out for a change this weekend.在It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that从句,表示情绪、观点等的句型中,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。It is a pity that he(should)refuse to accept the offer.注意suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;i
24、nsist 当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。The smile on his face suggested he was happy.他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money.那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。考点四虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用as if/as though好像当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用过去式He talks as if he knew all about it.He walked in as if he had bought the school.It is(high)time that.该
25、是的时候了。从句谓语动词常用过去式Its high time that he did something instead of just talking.would rather宁愿当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式I would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news.if only要
26、是多好表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式If only I had passed the driving test last week!专项训练 巩固提升.单句填空1.Could I look at your pictures?Yes,of course you _.2.I wish I _able to tell him all about it last night.3.If I _(have)more time,I would have gone with him.4.The Jade Emperor ordere
27、d that the Monkey King _(arrest)right away.5.The man insisted that he _(send)there.canhad beehad had(should)be arrested(should)be sent6.How I wish I _(can)be three years younger!7._(be)I you,I would take an umbrella with me.8.Look at the clock!Its(high)time we _(go)home.9.He ordered the work _(start
28、)at once.10.Id rather you _(stay)at home all day today.couldWerewent(should)be startedstayed.语法填空Miss Fang 1._(not)read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2._ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You 3._ see a doctor as soon as possible,”she said.“You 4._ nee
29、d glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time,she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._ see her at 3:30.Miss Fang replied that she 6._ not be able to be there at 3:30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7._ take you at about ten to four,”the appointment clerk sugge
30、sted.couldntshouldshouldmightcouldwouldmight“8._ I put you down for ten to four,or 9._ you rather come tomorrow?”Miss Fang thought she 10._(not)waste any more time.The teacher 11._ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early,as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied,“I think I 12._ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher,“13._ I leave at 3:45 today?I 14._ have an eye examination.”As expected,the teacher said,“Yes,of course you 15._.”ShallwouldshouldntshouldntcanMay/Canmustcan
