1、-1-单元重点小结-2-单元重点小结重点词汇1.vi.不同;相异differ from sth in.在方面与不同2.得到好结果;取得成功;偿清pay back偿还;pay for.赔偿;付的钱例如:我们的努力早晚会得到回报的。3.vt.投;掷;扔使失望;使沮丧例如:这个结果让他感到失望。differpay offOur efforts will pay off one day.castcast downHe felt cast down at this result.-3-单元重点小结4.vi.反对;不赞成object to/have objection to反对例如:市民们反对拆除这座有3
2、00年历史的车站。5.大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)6.vt.获得;赢得7.vt.禁止;不准forbid sb to do sth/forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事例如:学校禁止学生课上使用手机。objectResidents objected to pulling down the station with a historyof 300 years.the mediaobtainforbidThe school forbids students to use mobile phones in class.-4-单元重点小结8.支持;赞成9.vt.欠(账、钱、人
3、情等);归功于 owe sth to sb把归功于某人例如:他今天的一切都归功于他的努力和决心。10.vi.退休;离开 n.退休11.vt.打扰;vi.操心;n.烦扰12.一定或注定(做)in favour ofoweHe owed everything he had to his hard work and determination.retireretirementbother(be)bound to(do).-5-单元重点小结13.vt.&vi.打;撞击;罢工 n.罢工It strikes sb that.某人突然想到例如:他突然想到他还欠朋友200元钱。14.不时;偶尔15.使复生;使
4、复活复生;复活16.白费力气;枉费心机17.状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)strikeIt struck him that he still owed his friend 200 yuan.from time to timebring back to lifecome to lifein vain.in good/poor condition-6-单元重点小结重点句型1.The fact she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.它(多莉)看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。2.news that Dolly had become
5、 seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。3.,Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面,多莉的出世引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。thatThen came the disturbingOn the other hand-7-单元重点小结4.Dollys death,like her birth,worries.多莉之死,正如它的出世一样,注定要带来焦虑。was bou
6、nd to raise-8-单元重点小结重点语法Revise the Appositive(复习同位语)1.名词(短语)作同位语(1)The whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone,Dolly the sheep.(2)But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.(3)Alto
7、gether Dolly lived six and a half years,half the length of the lifeof the original sheep.2.从句作同位语(1)The fact she seemed to develop normally was very interesting.(2)Then he raised the question they were to get themachine needed.thatwhere-9-单元重点小结功能1.Praise and encouragement(表扬与鼓励)Your ideas sound ver
8、y encouraging to me.你的观点在我看来很鼓舞人心。Thats a good/great idea.好主意。Well done!做得好!-10-单元重点小结2.Acceptance and refusal(接受与拒绝)Im happy to accept.but.我很高兴接受,但是I can/cannot accept your argument because.我能/不能接受你的说法,因为I support.because.我支持因为No,I cant agree with.because.不,我不同意因为I would like to agree with you but.
9、我想同意你的看法,但是No,that is not reasonable because.不,那不合理,因为I dont care for your ideas because.我不接受你的观点,因为I dont mind but.我不介意,但是-11-单元重点小结走近高考考场写作难点处理的“应急”技巧在考场上,由于受词汇量或要点提示方式的影响,我们难免会碰到某个词语不会表达,或有时某个关键句子自我感觉平庸却又不知如何润色的情况。面对这些窘境,内心非常纠结,但一时又不知如何处理。救场如救火。在考试中如果遇到难以表达的内容时,应该如何应对,完成写作任务呢?-12-单元重点小结一、避避开难点在某些
10、次要细节或引入话题的语句中,若有难于表达或无把握的词语,可视情况采用“避重就轻”或“避而不谈”的方式,从容表达。也就是不采取字对字直译,“回避”某些词语的出现,或采用笼统的方式表达。在开始动笔时,心里要始终想着如果某些词语表达平庸,就要在其他地方做些弥补,如在句子结构或成分上做些变化,以提高表现力。如:马云师范学院毕业后,分配到一所大学任教。a.高级:Ma Yun was assigned to work in a college after he graduated from a normal institute.b.笼统:Ma Yun began a career as a college
11、 teacher after graduating from university.-13-单元重点小结分析:毋庸置疑,a句表达更直接(与原要点句接近),但b句虽然回避了“师范”和“分配”,读者仍看明白了这是介绍马云的学历和第一份工作,且使用了begin a career as a college teacher,after graduating.高级结构,提升了句子等级。但应注意,若是关于体现文章主题的“关键词语”,则不要“避而不谈”,而应想方设法准确表达,即使拐弯抹角也要表达清楚,否则就会有丢失要点之嫌。-14-单元重点小结二、换同义转换在写作时,我们不要被所给汉语词语或汉语句子结构所左右
12、,要在理解的基础上灵活表达。只要能表达出要点的意思,能为主题服务,不论怎么表达都是可取的,是可以接受的。因此,当遇到难以表达的内容时,要通过熟悉的汉语进行多方面的考虑,如进行转换、调整或分述等,直至能用熟悉的英语表达为止。譬如高考的“文综”就可在理解的基础上分述为history,politics and geography;“理综”为physics,chemistry and biology。再如:个人爱好:我喜欢体育,为校篮球队效力。分析:难点为“效力”。“为校篮球队效力”可理解为“是校篮球队队员”,这样就好表达了:I like sports,and am a member of the s
13、chool basketball team/am on the basketball team.-15-单元重点小结有时某些特定词语暂时找不到相对应的英语,可变通表达方式,“拐弯抹角”地表述。譬如“马云是中国首富”,其中“首富”不好直接表达,这时可采用“第一富人”的方式,即“Ma Yun is the richest(person)in China.”再如“她认为礼物贵在心意”,可以间接理解为“她认为重要的是感情而不是礼物本身”,即“She thinks its the feeling not the gift itself that matters.”句中有强调句,还有高级词matter,这
14、就是“活用”。再看一位考生对该要点句的表达:“She thinks the gift doesnt lie in the price but in the heart.”。这些句子都没有受汉语句子的影响而采用全新的方式,摆脱了难点,表意完整、准确,有“异曲同工”之处。-16-单元重点小结三、改改弦易辙人云亦云的文章很难获得高分。在写作提示相同的情况下,表述方式的雷同是难免的。因此,当感觉所写语句会与他人表述方式相同时,就要思考改变,除了在用词上做一番变化外,还可在以下两个方面进行变化:一是改变句子结构;二是增加成分,扩展句子,以有别于他人,写出“特色”。譬如:1.新鲜空气有利于身体健康。一般:
15、New air is good to our health.高级:Our good health benefits from fresh air./Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.-17-单元重点小结2.我们不能按原计划前去旅游。分析:难点为“原计划”。这时可理解为“按照计划”,according to the plan或as(it was)planned。即We couldnt go travelling as planned.3.(描写某城市)经济发展迅速,这些年发生了巨大变化。一般:The economy is growing
16、 fast and the city has changed a lot.高级:With the economy growing fast,the city has witnessed the great changes.高级:As the economy is growing fast,great changes have taken place in the city.总之,写作遇到“难点”是正常的现象,关键是采取何种态度去应对。其实,只要我们开动脑筋,一定会有解决问题的办法。我们相信,经过每一次认真规范的训练,我们处理问题的能力一定会有大幅度提高,写作水平也会相继提高!-18-单元重点小
17、结拓展阅读文章导语In 2008,five human embryos were successfully created,butsoon afterwards the five cloned embryos were destroyed.Why?Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing or previously existing human.Despite several highly public claims,human cloning still appears to be
18、 a fiction.There is no scientific evidence that anyone has cloned human embryos at present.In 2004,a group in South Korea published a paper in the journal Science in which it claimed to have created a cloned human embryo in a test tube.However,an independent scientific institute later found no proof
19、 to support the claim and,in January 2006,Science announced that the paper had been withdrawn.-19-单元重点小结In January 2008,Dr Samuel Wood and Dr Andrew French in California announced that they successfully created the first 5 fully grown human embryos using DNA from adult skin cells,aiming to provide a
20、 source of viable embryonic stem cells.But Dr Wood stated that if that were possible,using the technology for reproductive cloning would be both immoral and illegal.The 5 cloned embryos were destroyed.The various forms of human cloning are controversial.Most scientific,governmental and religious org
21、anizations oppose reproductive cloning.Therefore,some people have considered the idea of growing organs separately from a human organismin doing this,a new organ supply could be established without the moral problem of harvesting them from humans.-20-单元重点小结词海拾贝genetically dInetIkli adv.基因地;遗传学地withd
22、raw wIdr vt.撤回,收回viable embryonic stem cells 能生长的胚胎干细胞reproductive cloning 生殖性克隆-21-单元重点小结难句剖析Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing or previously existing human.人类克隆是创造一个和现存或者之前存在过的人类的基因相同的克隆体的过程。剖析本句的主干是Human cloning is the creation of a geneticallyidentical c
23、opy,of an existing or previously existing human作定语修饰a genetically identical copy。-22-单元重点小结理解诱思1.Why do people object to cloning humans?A.Because it will cost a lot of money.B.Because the technology has many drawbacks.C.Because it would be immoral and illegal.D.Because it is against their belief.2.What is your attitude toward reproductive cloning?答案:1.C2.略
