1、第二部分 基础语法突破关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分及例句关系代词which物主语、宾语China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。The key which you are looking for is under the bed.你找的那把钥匙在床底下。关系代词that物或人主语、宾语、表语Jack is no longer the person(that/who/whom)I met five years ago.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。Lets ask the man that is reading a
2、book over there.我们去问一下正在那边看书的那个人。who人主语、宾语John is a person who always has ideas.约翰是一个经常有想法的人。The man who you met just now is my friend.你刚才碰见的那位男士是我的朋友。关系代词whom人宾语The professor about whom you talked just now has come.你们刚才谈论的那个教授已经来了。whose人或物定语This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our s
3、chool.这就是我们学校书法最好的那个学生。I want to buy the coat whose colour is the lightest.我想买那件颜色最浅的外套。关系代词as人或物主语、宾语As we had expected，the plan worked out very well.正如我们所预料，这个计划结果非常好。关系副词when时间时间状语Do you know the date when Lincoln was born？你知道林肯的出生日期吗？where地点地点状语Keep the books in a place where you can find them e
4、asily.请把书放在你容易找到的地方。why原因原因状语Is this the reason why he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们提议的理由吗？情况用法例句介词关系代词从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which，whose，whom，不可用thatIs this the car for which you paid a high price？这是你花高价买的那辆车吗？This is the place at which Jack parks his car.这是杰克停车的地方。名词/代词介词关系代词常见的有“some/se
5、veral/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largestofwhich/whom”等Here are the questions，some of which I think are difficult for you.就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说有些难。“介词关系代词”中介词的选用依据与定语从句中动词或形容词等的搭配确定I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。“介词关系代词”中介词的选用依据与先行词的搭配确定
6、Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the countryside.我永远也不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。根据所表达的意思确定This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。注意问题说明用that不用which的情况先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said？你把李老师说的话都记下来了吗？用that不用which的情况先行词为序数词、形容词最高
7、级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。The book is the best that I have ever read.这本书是我读过的书中最好的一本。当先行词前有the very，the only等修饰时。The old car is the only thing that he owns now.那部旧车成了他现在唯一的财产。用that不用which的情况当句中已出现which时。Which is the shirt that fits
8、 me most？哪件衬衫最适合我？当先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时。Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned？你还记得我们学过的那位科学家和他的理论吗？用which不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中。She lost the game,which disappointed her greatly.她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。关系代词前面有介词时。A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.动物园是
9、喂养各种动物以供展览的公园。用who不用that的情况先行词为one，ones，anyone或those时。Those who are unfit for their work should leave office at once.那些不称职的人应该马上辞职。There be结构中，主语是指人的名词时。Theres a man who wants to see you.有位先生想要见你。两个定语从句中一个用了that引导时。The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works hard.昨天在会上受到表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。
