1、上海市浦东新区2020届高三英语二模考试试题（含解析）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you h
2、ear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. At the butchersB. In a restaurant.C. On the farm.D. In a supermarket.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Ill have the steak. And a bot
3、tle of red wine.W: Yes, and Ill have fish with boiled potatoes. And please see that it isnt overcooked.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Boss and secretary.B. Operator and caller.C. Librarian and student.D. Customer and repairman【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: How long will i
4、t take you to fix my smartphone?M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer than a week.Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. He must attend a class.B. He must meet his teacher.C. He must finish his homework.D. He must go out with his roomma
5、te.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: John, do you want to work out in the gym with me today?M: Sure, but I cant leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at 4 oclock.Q:Why cant John go to the gym now?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Its not as good as it was.B. Its better than it used to be.C. Its better than people e
6、xpectD. Its even worse than people say.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Is this caf really as good as people say?W: It used to be even better.Q: Hows the caf?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. The woman has a practical goal.B. The woman can surely live a long life.C. The woman has taken the right steps to stay healthy.D. The wo
7、man should give up cheeseburgers to live longer.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: What I am interested in is to live long enough to see the world become a better place to live.M: Well, if your goal is long life, then the cheeseburger in your hand is a step in the wrong direction.Q: What does the man mean?6.【此处可播放相关音频
8、，请去附件查看】A. An attractive hut.B. A sunny day.C. raincoat.D. A lovely hat【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: Is that nice-looking straw hat light and strong?W: Yes, you can wear it rain or shine.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Hes not going to cook his own dinnerB. He plans to do the sam
9、e as his brother.C. He loves the dinner his brother cooks.D. He wants to take on his own responsibility.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Your brother Jacks cooking his own dinner. He wants to take care of himself like an adult.M: I plan on putting that off for as long as possible.Q:What can we infer from the man?8.【
10、此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Applying to Harvard will be funB. He is confident of getting into HarvardC. He has no choice but to apply to Harvard.D. The woman can get the man into Harvard【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Are you interested in applying to a safety school in case you dont get into Harvard University?M: Safety s
11、chool? Youre funny.Q: What does the man imply?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. The woman is teaching the man how to cook.B. There is nothing the man can do to cook the dish.C. The cookbook contains difficult instructions to follow.D. The man is good at following what is said in the cookbook.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Di
12、d you cook the dish as instructed in the cookbook?M: If theres one thing I shine at, its following instructions.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. The woman is too busy to go to the dinner.B. The woman will definitely go to the dinner.C. The woman will probably declin
13、e the invitation.D. The woman is asking about the time for the dinner.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: So Peters asked you to dinner. Are you going?W: When have you known me to turn down a free meal?Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one
14、 longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the quest
15、ion you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. A. Boston Cooking SchoolB. Toll House Inn.C. A chocolate company.D. Nestles branch12. A. Mix smashed chocolate with other ingredients and baked it.B. Cover the surface of the cookies with melted chocolate.C. Spread
16、 butter on semi-sweet chocolate desserts.D. Shape melted chocolate into thick pieces.13. A. She kept it as a secret.B. She sold it to Nestle.C. She applied for a patentD. She shared it publicly.【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D【解析】【原文】Food is created in various ways, sometimes by accident or by experimentation.
17、 Heres how a fun product was invented.In 1930, Ruth and Kenneth Wakefield opened a restaurant on an old road between Boston and Cape Cod in Massachusetts. They named it the Toll House Inn. Ruth was an expert cook, and the inn became famous for its desserts.Many sources claim Ruth invented her chocol
18、ate chip cookie by accident. But she often experimented with recipes to please her guests. One time, she decided to add chocolate to her popular butter cookies. She told a Boston newspaper reporter that she was deliberately “trying to give her guests something different”. Using a tool, she broke a s
19、emi-sweet chocolate bar into small pieces and mixed them with egg, milk and flour. When she took the cookies from the oven, the chocolate hadnt melted into the flour mixture. Guests loved Ruths new Toll House Chocolate Cookies.The recipe soon appeared in a Boston newspaper. Ruth added it to the 1938
20、 edition of her cookbook. The recipe called for two Nestl semi-sweet chocolate bars to be “cut in pieces the size of a pea”.The cookies became so popular that Nestls sales increased greatly. The company began carving lines into its chocolate bars to make them easier to break. It even printed Ruths r
21、ecipe on the wrapper. Later, Nestl created the semi-sweet chocolate chip. The recipe still appears on every bag. Accident or not, Ruth Wakefield created Americas most popular cookie.Questions:Where did Ruth invent the chocolate cookie?How was Ruths chocolate cookie created?What did Ruth do to her re
22、cipe for chocolate cookies?Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. A. They support various living creatures.B. They reduce greenhouse gas emissions.C. They bring about huge economic benefits.D. They protect the coast against melting ice.15. A. AustraliaB. Canada.C. America
23、.D. China.16. A. Tourism will face strong declineB. Beach losses are causing climate changeC. Half of the worlds sandy beaches could disappear.D. Beaches play an important part in the ecosystem【答案】14. A 15. A 16. C【解析】【原文】A new study says up to one-half of the worlds sandy beaches could disappear by
24、 2100 because of climate change. Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, China and the United States would be among the hardest hit, the research shows. The study was published in the journal Nature Climate Change. Michalis Vousdoukas was the lead investigator. Touristic areas which have sandy beaches as
25、their main selling point will probably face strong consequences,” he said.Aside from economic value, beaches play an important environmental role. Sandy beaches are important habitats supporting a wide range of species. They also protect the coast from the effects of storms, so without sandy beaches
26、 other inland environments can be affected by the effects of waves and saltwater intrusion,” Vousdoukas added.Global sea levels have increased in recent decades. Major causes include melting ice. And water expands as it warms.Researchers examined satellite images showing shoreline changes during the
27、 past thirty years. They then used these trends in two different climate change situations. One situation predicted a small reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The other situation predicted high greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions have a link to climate change.By 2050, the research
28、ers projected beach losses of between 13 and 15 percent. By 2100, the projected losses are from 35 to 49.5 percent. Australia would lose more sandy shoreline than any other country, with 14,849 kilometers projected to be gone by 2100. Canada is second in projected losses. The United States could los
29、e up to 5,530 kilometers.Questions:Why are sandy beaches important to the environment?Which country will suffer the most according to the research?What is the passage mainly about?Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. A. London.B. Barcelona.C. Madrid.D. Iceland18. A. She
30、 was scheduled to meet more customers in other cities.B. Her ship was delayed by the wind blowing southwards.C. Clouds of volcano ash threatened passengers health.D. Volcanic eruption caused her flight to be cancelled.19. A. She tried various means of transport except the coach.B. She had a tough jo
31、urney back home with many transfers.C. She enjoyed the lovely scenery in various cities in Spain.D She managed to book a ticket with the British airline at last.20. A. He paid little attention to the news media.B. He didnt care about meaningless pastimes.C. He was out of employment for too long.D. H
32、e was too busy to make preparations for it.【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A【解析】【原文】M: Hi, Mary. I havent seen you for ages. Where have you been?W: Hello, Ken. Ive been on a business trip in Madrid, where I had a conference on behalf of our companys London headquarters with some Spanish customers.M: But t
33、he conference was over a week ago. What kept you there all this time?W: Because of the volcano, Ken. Dont you ever watch the news?M: What volcano?W: The one in Iceland, which erupted and produced an enormous cloud of ash.M: Really? I didnt know. But it was the volcano instead of you that was in Icel
34、and. How come the volcanic eruption there affected the transportation system in Spain and the UK?W: Although Madrid is about 3,000 kilometres south of Iceland, the wind blew the ash from the volcano south from Iceland into Britain. Since all the airports were closed in case of the potential risks to
35、 aircraft, there were no flights in or out of the UK.M: So, how did you finally get home?W: Well, I went from Madrid to Barcelona by train. Then, I made contact with one of our companys branches there. After that, I tried to buy a train ticket from Barcelona to Paris but there were no tickets on the
36、 Eurostar train from Paris to London. So, I had no alternative but to stay in Barcelona.M: Ive been to Barcelona. It struck me as a lovely city indeed.W: Fortunately, I got a ticket on a boat from Bilbao to Southampton with the help of some local colleagues. I got a coach from Barcelona to Bilbao an
37、d then boarded the boat.M: Wow. And all because of this volcano. It seems strange that Ive never heard of the eruption.W: You really should read a newspaper or watch the TV news frequently, Ken.M: I know, but Im so busy these days that I cant afford to waste any of my leisure time on such meaningles
38、s pastimes.W: As far as I know, youre unemployed.M: Well, Ive got a job interview next week. The Times newspaper has offered several vacancies for journalists.W: Im sorry, Ken, but I dont think youre going to get the job.Questions:Where did the woman meet with her customers?Why did the woman stay th
39、ere longer than planned?What do you learn about the womans trip?Why did the woman think the man would fail his job interview?II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with
40、a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Green Spring Renews Lifes PromiseFor me, two of the loveliest words in the English language are “Life persists”. I came across them years ago as a college freshman, s
41、itting in the library on a beautiful spring day, bored, working on a history paper. I dont recall _21_ I was researching into. Out of nowhere, those two words came _22_ (dance) off the page in a quote by Gandhi, “In the midst of death life persists, in the midst of untruth truth persists, in the mid
42、st of darkness light persists.”After those words _23_ (read) again a dozen times, suddenly I was no longer bored. Outside in the sunshine, I kicked off my shoes and danced barefoot across a spring-green lawn.I love spring. And this year, I was especially hungry to see it. Flying home last weekend to
43、 Las Vegas, after 10 days in California, I looked down on hills that were so green that I _24_ almost taste them. When I approached Vegas, the green turned a dull desert brown. We landed after sunset, and the only green to be seen was neon(霓虹灯).But the next morning, to my surprise, I _25_ (awake) to
44、 find signs of spring all over my yard. _26_ my absence, all sorts of things had leafed and bloomed. Three days later, I drove to Arizona to visit a friend and get yet another taste of spring seeing the Giants play the As in spring training. The drive across the desert was completely great, a variet
45、y of wildflowers and blooming cactuses.Sometimes we need the chance _27_ (remind) that were still alive. After my husband died, a friend sent me a card which read: “Just _28_ you think you will never smile again, life comes back.”Life persists, and so do _29_ in the green of spring and the dead of w
46、inter, in the birth of a child and the passing of a loved one; in the words we leave behind and the hearts of those _30_ will remember us. Spring reminds us that were alive forever.【答案】21. what 22. dancing 23. were read 24. could 25. awoke/was awoken 26. In/During 27. to be reminded 28. when/as 29.
47、we 30. who【解析】【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。这是一篇人生感悟，作者通过自身的经历，以及偶然读到的甘地的一段话联想到生命的意义与坚持。生命长存于寂静沙漠的植物中，长存于冬去春来的绿意中。冬去春来,生命依然长存，而我们也要继续前行。【21题详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我不记得自己正在研究什么。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语并且指物，意为“东西”，应使用what引导宾语从句。故填what。【22题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：甘地语录：“在死亡中，生命依然坚持；在谎言中，真理依然长存；在黑暗中，光明依然永驻”。其中那两个词life persits突然映入作者
48、的眼帘。come后接现在分词可以表示“来”的方式。这两个词突然从书上的引语中映入作者的眼帘，dancing作为方式状语形象生动地描述了这两个词所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它们的偶然性。故填dancing。【23题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我读了那些话十几遍之后，突然之间我不再无聊了。由本句的was及语境可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时且主语承受谓语动词read的动作，即read应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were read。【24题详解】考查情态动词。句意：我低头看着那么绿的小山，我几乎可以闻到它们的味道。结合语境及sothat可知，that后面表示的是结果，使用情态动词
49、can表示“能够”，但该句描述的是过去的事情，应使用can的过去式。故填could。【25题详解】考查时态。句意：但是第二天早上，令我惊讶的是，我醒来后发现院子里到处都是春天的迹象。由本句的the next morning和语境可知，本句应使用一般过去时。可以使用awake的过去式awoke或者构成主系表的句子结构，使用was awkoen。故填awoke/was awoken。【26题详解】考查固定短语。句意：在我离开家出门的时候，各种各样的植物如雨后春笋般长出来。in/during ones absence：在某人不在的时候，它是固定短语。故填In/During。【27题详解】考查非谓语动
50、词。句意：有时我们需要提醒自己我们还活着。chance to do：做某事的机会。主语we承受动词remind的动作，因此chance后面的动词不定式应该使用被动形式作chance的后置定语。故填to be reminded。【28题详解】考查时间状语从句的引导词。句意：我丈夫去世后，一个朋友给我寄了一张卡片，上面写着：“当你认为自己再也不会微笑时，生活才回来。”分析句子结构，需填入引导状语从句的引导词，结合语境，使用when/as表示“当时候”合乎语境。故填when/as。【29题详解】考查人称代词。句意：生命一直存在，我们也是如此，在春天的绿色和隆冬中，在孩子的出生和亲人的离世中；在我们留
51、下的文字中和那些会记住我们的人的心中。由本句后面的we及us可知，此处使用we作主语，so do we是倒装句。故填we。【30题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：生命一直存在，我们也是如此，在春天的绿色和隆冬中，在孩子的出生和亲人的离世中；在我们留下的文字中和那些会记住我们的人的心中。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是those，指人，它在从句中作主语，通常使用who引导定语从句。故填who。【点睛】come后接现在分词可以表示“来”的方式，或者是伴随“来”还有另一个动作同时在发生。如：The children came running to meet us. 孩子们跑着来迎接我
52、们。come running 的意思是“跑来”，指的是以“跑”的方式“来”，或者说，在“来”的过程中同时还在“跑”。再如：She came crying as soon as she saw me. 她看到我就哭着走过来。come crying的意思是“哭着来”，指的是她一边走来一边在哭，或者说她在“来”的过程中还伴随在“哭”。小题2考查非谓语动词。句意：甘地语录：“在死亡中，生命依然坚持；在谎言中，真理依然长存；在黑暗中，光明依然永驻”。其中的那两个词life persits突然映入作者的眼帘。come后接现在分词可以表示“来”的方式。这两个词突然从书上的引语中映入作者的眼帘，dancing
53、作为方式状语形象生动地描述了这两个词所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它们的偶然性。故填dancing。Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. affordable B. cultural C. driving D. influenceE. materiali
54、sm F. outward-looking G. resulted H. shapedI. sharing J. shift K. specializedCuriosity and Globalization are Driving a New Approach to TravelTodays political climate and negative headlines seem to point towards a more inward-looking global population - minds narrowing, borders going up. But with mor
55、e people living and working overseas and becoming exposed to influences from different cultures, many of us are seeking a(n) _31_, connected world.According to the recently published study from Culture Trip, 60% of people in the US and UK say that their outlook on life is shaped by the _32_ from dif
56、ferent cultures. As a society, we not only want to discover and experience other cultures, we want to learn from them, too. This is one of the many positive side effects of globalization. At the same time, the economic landscape of the last decade has resulted in a shift in values away from _33_, wi
57、th younger generations more interested in collecting experiences than possessions.Welcome to the “new culture economy”.The collision(碰撞)of two trends - globalization and the experience economy - has _34_ a new attitude to travel, with cultural curiosity at its heart. This is the “new culture economy
58、”. The phenomenon is having a powerful impact on peoples interactions and definitions of _35_ exploration, and presents an incredible commercial opportunity.While globalization is usually talked about in the context of the _36_ of trade and capital between countries, we shouldnt forget that the _37_
59、 force behind it all it people. Education, travel, exposure to other customs and geographies and the cultural integration(融合)are the more influential social effects of globalization. People are increasingly living or working in countries other than the ones in which they were born - more than half o
60、f respondents from the study have friends living overseas, all of which has _38_ in more interaction with global cultures.Also, student debt and unaffordable housing have created a(n) _39_ in spending patterns, and so a new set of values has emerged in which experiences matter more than ownership. T
61、ravel is absolutely necessary to most peoples lives - in fact, nearly half of all respondents cut down on their daily expenses so they can save money to travel more. For “generation rent” in particular, no matter how expensive an experience or a trip, it is still more _40_ than a house.【答案】31. F 32.
62、 D 33. E 34. H 35. B 36. I 37. C 38. G 39. J 40. A【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了好奇心和全球化正在推动一种新的出行方式，即一种新的价值观：年轻一代更热衷于体验生活，而不是拥有财产，即使旅行的费用再昂贵，也要去尝试，总比买房子容易让人承担。【31题详解】考查形容词。句意：但是，随着越来越多的人在海外生活和工作并受到来自不同文化的影响，我们中的许多人正在寻求一个向外看，相互联系的世界。根据后面的connected可知，此处需要形容词和connected一起来修饰world作定语，及but表示转折，应选择inward-looking的反义词outw
63、ard-looking。故选F。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：根据文化之旅最近发表的研究，美国和英国60的人说，他们的人生观的形成受到了不同文化的影响。由第一段的提示“influences from different cultures”可知，此处选择influence，这是同词复现。故选D。33题详解】考查名词。句意：同时，过去十年的经济形势导致价值观念从实利主义转移，年轻一代更热衷于获得体验而不是拥有财产。from后接名词作宾语，根据后面的possessions（财产）可知，此处选择与它词义相关的名词materialism。故选E。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：全球化和体验经济这两个趋势的
64、碰撞塑造了一种以文化好奇为核心的新旅行态度。此处需要填入动词，结合语境可知，选择shaped合乎语境。shape a new attitude：形成新的态度。故选H。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：这种现象对人们的互动和文化探索的定义产生了巨大影响，并提供了令人难以置信的商业机会。根据前面的culture economy可知，此处使用形容词cultural作定语，修饰exploration。故选B。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：虽然通常在国家间共享贸易和资本的背景下谈论全球化，但我们不应忘记，全球化背后的推动力是人。the后面接名词，选择sharing合乎语境即贸易和资本的共享是全球化的背景。
65、故选I。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然通常在国家间共享贸易和资本的背景下谈论全球化，但我们不应忘记，全球化背后的推动力是人。此处使用形容词driving作定语修饰force，表示起推动作用的因素。故选C。【38题详解】考查动词短语。句意：人们越来越多地在其出生地以外的国家生活或工作，这项研究中超过一半的受访者的朋友居住在海外，所有这些都导致与全球文化的更多互动。result in：导致，它是固定短语，选择resulted合乎语境。故选G。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：此外，学生的债务和负担不起的住房造成了消费方式的转变，因此出现了一套新的价值观，其中体验比拥有更重要。由后文内容可知，很多
66、人的消费模式发生了改变（shift）。故选J。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：尤其是对于“租房一代”而言，无论一次体验或一次旅行多么昂贵，它仍然比买房子更容易承担。由本段第一句话中的unaffordable housing可知，旅行的费用再贵也比买房子能够让人承担得起（affordable）。故选A。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in
67、each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Communication, One Major Part of the Scientific MethodScientists may feel it their duty to share their guesses, methods, and findings with the rest of the scientific community. This sharing serves two _41_. First, it supports the basic de
68、al of skepticism(怀疑论)by making it possible for others to say, “Oh, yeah? Let me check that.” It tells others where to see what the scientist saw, and what techniques and tools to use. Second, it gets the word out so that others can use what has been discovered. This is essential because science is a
69、(n) _42_ efforts. People who work thousands of miles apart build with and upon each others discoveries.The communication of science begins with “peer review”, a process of _43_ an authors scholarly work, research or ideas to the inspection of other experts. It typically has three stages. The first o
70、ccurs when a scientists seeks funding - from government agencies, foundations, or other _44_ - to carry out a research program. He or she must prepare a report describing the intended work, laying out background, hypotheses(假设), planned experiments, expected results, and even the _45_ impacts on oth
71、er fields. Committees of other scientists then _46_ the report to see whether the scientist knows his or her area, has the necessary abilities, and is realistic in his or her plans.Once the scientist has the needed _47_, has done the work, and has written a report of the results, that report will go
72、 to a scientific journal. Before publishing the report, the journals editors will show it to other workers in the same or _48_ fields and ask whether the work was done adequately, the conclusions are justified, and the report should be published.The third stage of peer review happens are publication
73、, when the broader scientific community gets to see and _49_ the work.This three-stage quality-control process can, of course, be faulty. Any scientist with independent wealth can _50_ the first stage quite easily but such scientists are much, much rarer today than they were a century or so ago. Tho
74、se who remain are the object of envy. _51_ , it is fair to say that they are not disapproved as were those who avoid the latter two stages of the “peer review” mechanisms by using press conferences.On the other hand, it is certainly possible for the standard peer review mechanisms to _52_. By their
75、nature, these mechanisms are more likely to _53_ ideas that are not different from what the reviewers think they already know. Yet the un-traditional or unconventional ideas are not _54_ wrong, as Alfred Wegener proved when he tried to gain _55_ for the idea of continental drift in the early twentie
76、th century. It was not until the 1960s that most geologists accepted his ideas as genuine insights.41. A. purposesB. dutiesC. interestsD. needs42. A. innovativeB. prospectiveC. cooperativeD. plain43. A. accustomingB. addictingC. restrictingD. subjecting44. A. projectsB. sourcesC. unionsD. department
77、s45. A. strongerB. more limitedC. more dramaticD. broader46. A. Look upB. go overC. long forD. call for47. A. fundsB. fieldsC. impactsD. experiments48. A. differentB. chosenC. relatedD. academic49. A. substituteB. createC. judgeD. undertake50. A. reachB. markC. holdD. skip51. A. SimilarlyB. Contrari
78、lyC. SurelyD. Therefore52. A. failB. functionC. evolveD. work53. A. conveyB. overlookC. rejectD. approve54. A. necessarilyB. particularlyC. dramaticallyD. terribly55. A. confidenceB. acceptanceC. strengthD. weight【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A
79、 55. B【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在科学研究中同行评议是科学研究的重要组成部分及其三个阶段，同行评议可以保证科学研究结果的质量但有时有可能失败。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种共享有两个目的。A. purposes目的；B. duties职责；C. interests兴趣；D. needs需要。后文的first和second引出的内容是共享科学猜想、方法及研究成果的目的。故选A。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是必不可少的，因为科学是合作的成果。A. innovative创新的；B. prospective预期的；C. cooperative合作的；D. plai
80、n清楚的，朴素的。下一句提到相距数千英里的人们在彼此的发现的基础上进行探索研究，这是合作的体现。故选C。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学交流始于“同行评审”，让一位作者的学术工作，研究或思想得到其他专家检查的过程。A. accustoming 使习惯；B. addicting使上瘾；C. restricting限制；D. subjecting使顺从。subjectto：受管制，使承受。此处表示将科学研究的成果提交给其他专家接受审核。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一阶段开始于科学家从政府机构，基金会或其他来源寻求资金来开展研究计划时。A. projects计划；B.
81、sources来源；C. unions协会，联合会；D. departments部门。本句中提到了资金的几个来源。故选B。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他或她必须准备一份描述预期工作的报告，列出背景，假设，计划的实验，预期结果，甚至对其他领域的更广泛影响。A. stronger更强的；B. more limited更有限的；C. more dramatic更戏剧化的；D. broader更广泛的。由even表示程度更深和other fields可知，选择broader合乎语境。故选D。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：其他科学家组成的委员会仔细检查该报告，以查看该科学家是否了解自
82、己的领域，是否具备必要的能力以及在其计划中是否切合实际。A. look up查阅，查找；B. go over仔细检查，认真讨论；C. long for盼望；D. call for要求，需要。其他科学家要对提交的科学研究计划进行仔细检查，这是同行评议的职责所在。故选B。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦科学家获得了所需的资金，完成了工作并编写了结果报告，该报告将发送至科学期刊。A. funds资金；B. fields领域；C. impacts影响；D. experiments实验。由第二段的“a scientists seeks funding”可知，此选择funds合乎语境，科学研究的
83、第一步是“获取资金”。故选A。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在发布报告之前，该期刊的编辑将向其他相同或相关领域的工作者展示该报告，并询问报告工作是否做得足够，结论是否合理以及报告是否应该发表。A. different不同的；B. chosen选择的；C. related有关的；D. academic学术的。or连接的两个形容词，一个是same，另外一个应选择其近义词，因此related合乎语境。故选C。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同行评审的第三阶段是出版，这时更广泛的科学界开始观察和评判这项工作。A. substitute替代；B. create创建；C. judge评判；
84、D. undertake承担。研究报告出炉后，科学界会对其评判，此处选择review的同义词。故选C。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何拥有独立财富的科学家都可以很容易地跳过第一阶段的工作，但是今天这样的科学家比一个世纪前要稀少得多。A. reach达到；B. mark标记；C. hold保持；D. skip跳过。自己拥有足够的财富可以进行科学研究，其可以省去筹集资金的步骤。故选D。【51题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定地说，他们并没有像通过新闻发布会避免“同行评判”机制的后两个阶段的人那样被反对。 A. Similarly相似地；B. Contrarily相反；C. Sure
85、ly 一定；D. Therefore因此。因为拥有独立财富的科学家自费进行科学研究并接受同行的评判，因此他们一定不会像那些避开“同行评判”机制的后两个阶段的人那样被反对。故选C。52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，标准的同行评审机制肯定有可能失败。A. fail失败；B. function发挥作用；C. evolve发展；D. work工作。由最后一句可知，审稿人暂时没有掌握的信息最后可能是对的。结合下一题的分析，与审稿人已知的相同的想法会得到其批准通过，因此审稿人暂时没有掌握的信息可能在当时不会得到通过，这就导致了这个评审机制的失败。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就
86、其性质而言，这些机制更有可能批准与审稿人认为他们已经知道的没有不同的想法。 A. convey传达；B. overlook俯瞰；C. reject拒绝；D. approve批准。与审稿人已知的相同的想法自然而然会得到其批准通过。故选D。【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，非传统或非常规的观念并不一定是错误的，正如Alfred Wegener在20世纪初试图使其大陆漂移的观念能够得到认可的那样。直到20世纪60年代，大多数地质学家才接受他的想法作为真正的见识。A. necessarily必然地；B. particularly尤其；C. dramatically显着地；D. terribl
87、y可怕地。由下一句可知，当时不为专家学者所认可的事情随着时间的推移可以是正确的认识，因此这个表达not necessarily（不一定）在句子中的使用是合理的。故选A。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，非传统或非常规的观念并不一定是错误的，正如Alfred Wegener在20世纪初试图使其大陆漂移的观念能够得到认可的那样。直到20世纪60年代，大多数地质学家才接受他的想法作为真正的见识。A. confidence自信；B. acceptance接受；C. strength强项；D. weight重量。由下一句可知，当时Alfred Wegener是在试图使其大陆漂移的观念能够其他专
88、家学者的接受与认可。故选B。Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)
89、To Be a Deaf DJI was born in England with perfect hearing. In 1990, when I was five, my family moved to the United States. I started getting ear infections every three months or so. We didnt have health insurance at the time, and when I got a third infection, my parents couldnt afford the treatment.
90、 I went deaf in my right ear and was left with 50 percent hearing in my left. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today. My doctors predicted that I would be thoroughly deaf by now, so I think Im doing pretty well.There was always music on in my house in my childhood.
91、I loved listening to Metallica, Led Zeppelin, Michael Jackson. My dad was a DJ, so he played disco, folk, rock, and music from other countries. For my 18th birthday, my dad asked me to deejay at the restaurant be owned. After doing that for a few weeks, I was hooded. I desired to learn more. I e-mai
92、led DJ Shiftee, a distinguished New York City DJ, when I was 25: “I know you like a challenge. How about teaching a deaf person to deejay?” He wrote back the next day; “Challenge accepted.” He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique. I practiced four hours a day.N
93、ow when Im performing, muscle memory takes over. When I started, I wouldnt tell the club managers that I was deaf. I would just show up, introduce myself, and start playing music. At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh, heres the check.” And Id say, “What? Oh, I cant hear.” They were always
94、 so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctors notes because they wouldnt believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, no out of sympathy. Eventually people started calling me “that deaf DJ,” and the name stuck.What fascinates me about de
95、ejaying is the creativity. I use software that turns the music into lines of color on a computer screen. Im visually hearing the music. The next time you go dancing, cover your ears, and youll start seeing that youre able to hear the music in a different way. Music is not all about hearing. I pay al
96、l sorts of get-togethers now, from college parties to corporate events. I also go to elementary schools for the deaf and talk to the students about motivation and believing in themselves. Im big on talking to the parents. I tell them, “My advice to you is let your kids chase their dreams. Im a deaf
97、DJ, so why not?”56. Which of the following might result in the authors hearing loss?A Monthly ear infection.B. Moving to the U. S.C. Family financial hardshipD. The doctors prediction.57. How did DJ Shiftee help the author during his youth?A. He taught him correct skills.B. He discovered his talent
98、for DJ.C. He played at the restaurant for him.D. He cultivated his taste for foreign music.58. The underlined expression in Paragraph 3 “the name stuck” probably means that _.A. the author was in low spiritsB. the author impressed people deeplyC. the audience felt disappointed by the playerD. the au
99、dience looked down upon the player59. We can conclude from the passage that the author loves deejaying because _.A. working as a DJ involves innovationB. music helps him to see the world virtuallyC. he motivates the kids to realize their dreamD. he desires to challenge something impossible【答案】56. C
100、57. A 58. B 59. A【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在长大的过程中因为家庭经济的原因没能对耳疾进行彻底的治疗，从而导致了听力的损伤，但坚强的意志力使作者成为了一名唱片节目主持人。作者建议孩子们的父母让孩子们追逐自己的梦想。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“when I got a third infection, my parents couldnt afford the treatment. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today.”可知，当作者第三次感染时，作
101、者的父母负担不起治疗费用。随着时间的流逝，作者剩下的听力下降到今天的20。即家庭经济困难导致了作者的听力受损。故选C。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique.”可知，DJ Shiftee连续两年每周两次给作者辅导，以帮助作者培养正确的技术。即DJ Shiftee在作者年轻时教给他正确的技能。故选A。【58题详解】句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh,
102、heres the check.” And Id say, “What? Oh, I cant hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctors notes because they wouldnt believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, no out of sympathy. Eventually people started ca
103、lling me”可知，在深夜有人和作者说：“哦，这是支票。”而作者会说：“什么？哦，我听不到。”他们很惊讶。有时我会带医生的诊断记录，因为他们不相信我。可以放心的是，他们给了我表演的机会，因为我很聪明，不是出于他们的同情。最终，人们开始称我为“那个聋的DJ”。由此可知，划线部分表示作者给人留下了深刻的印象。故选B。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity.”可知，作为一名唱片节目主持人令作者着迷的是创意。即作者喜欢担任一名唱片节目主持人是因为这份工作中需要人拥有创造力，能够做出创新。故
104、选A。(B)FREE HomeschoolingIf you are reading this page you are looking into homeschooling. YAHOO! So proud of you for taking the road less traveled for your kids. It may not always be easy, but it is rewarding! 123 Home-school4Me is here to help you on your journey! Weve got lots of tips, resources, a
105、nd over a million pages of FREE Home-school worksheets, games and lesson plans to help you provide a solid, fun, and affordable education for your kids!Let me walk you through some homeschooling basics and how 123Homeschool4Me can help you home-school!Why HomeschoolingFor some it is a better educati
106、on, impact of being socialized at school, passing on your faith, spending more time with your kids, helping your child with a special need, making learning fun, or any number of other reasons. Keep reminding yourself WHY you choose to home-school and make that your primary focus.How to Home-school*
107、Decided to Home-school after much careful research and thought* 25 Reasons Why We Love Homeschooling* Find out the legal requirements to home-school in your state - every state has different requirements that you must follow to home-school legally - Homeschooling Laws in your State* Follow any and a
108、ll legal requirements to home-school legally (see above)* Pick a curriculum - you have tons of choices to fit your family and children* How to Choose a Home-school Curriculum* Our Curriculum Choices* Plan your school year - with any state regulations in mind, pick when your school will start end, ta
109、ke breaks, what days of the week you will meet and for how long, and what pace you need to go through your curriculum to finish in a year.* Use these Free Home-school Forms to organize your year* How to Home-school in 15 Hours a Week* Dont Home-school alone! Just becuase you arent sending your kids
110、to public or private school doesnt mean they wont be with others from outside your family.* Getting Social in Your Home-school* Start teaching your child - Your taught your child how to use the bathroom and put on their shoes. You can do this! Just dive in!Okay, so that was super simplified, I know!
111、 But really that is all you need to start with.Make sure to read the links above for more information on each point.How to Start HomeschoolingMake Home-school FUN and Affordable! This is where123Homeschool4M comes in! Mom leaves little time to think of fun, creative educational activities that make
112、concepts stick. Plus the cost to buy cool games and additional worksheets for every little skill can be unacceptable!Weve got you covered! This site is filled with thousands of creative ideas and 1,000,000+ FREE educational print-ables to make learning fun!60. According to the above material, 123Hom
113、eschool4Me is probably _.A. a websiteB. a counselorC. a magazineD. an advertisement61. Which of the following might be a reason for parents to choose homeschooling?A. Restoring the childs faith.B. Getting social in the home-schoolC. Challenging the road less traveled.D. Tailoring the courses to kids
114、 needs.62. 123Homeschool4Me is likely to be quite appealing to the readers due to _.A. simplified lesson plans and fun activitiesB. interesting games and affordable worksheetsC. free teaching resources and practical suggestionsD. detailed curriculum plans and free homeschooling【答案】60. A 61. D 62. C【
115、解析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了123 Home-school4Me网站，它为孩子们提供了可靠的，有趣且免费的在线教育课程。【60题详解】细节理解题。最后一段中的“This site is filled with thousands of creative ideas.”可知，这个网站充满了成千上万的创意。因此123Homeschool4Me可能是一个网站。故选A。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据Why Homeschooling部分中的“For some it is a better education, impact of being socialized at school, passing
116、 on your faith, spending more time with your kids, helping your child with a special need, making learning fun, or any number of other reasons. ”可知，对于某些人来说，Homeschooling是更好的教育选择，它能够培养孩子在学校的社交能力，传承你的信念，花更多的时间陪伴孩子，帮助有特殊需要的孩子，使学习变得有趣等。由此可知，根据孩子的需求量身定制课程可能是父母选择孩子在家上学的原因。故选D。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Weve got
117、 lots of tips, resources, and over a million pages of FREE Home-school worksheets, games and lesson plans to help you provide a solid, fun, and affordable education for your kids!”可知，我们提供了许多技巧，资源，以及超过一百万页的免费在家使用的练习题，游戏方案和教案，可帮助家长为孩子提供可靠，有趣且负担得起的教育。因此，123Homeschool4Me可能对读者很有吸引力的原因是免费的教学资源和实用的建议。故选C。(
118、C)Changing the GameOn a warm September evening in London, The Arch climbing wall, just south of the River Thames, is packed. Scores of people wander around on the thick crash pads, chatting, waiting their turn and offering the odd shout of encouragement to those clinging on to the colourful climbing
119、 walls.Rock climbing was once classified as an “extreme sport”. But indoor centres like The Arch, which offer climbing without the need for rocks, are bringing it into the mainstream. The British Mountaineering Council estimates there are at least 248 public climbing walls in Britain, a number that
120、has risen by 30% since 2010. In 2020 the sports governing bodies are hoping to see an even bigger increase in interest. Along with skateboarding, surfing and karate(空手道), rock climbing will be making its first appearance as an Olympic sport at the summer games in Tokyo.The International Olympic Comm
121、ittee (IOC) is frank about the ambition to appeal to a younger crowd who may be less familiar with longer-standing sports such as athletics and weightlifting. The crowd at the Arch is exactly what the IOC has in mind: mostly young professional letting off steam after work, who see climbing as a more
122、 engaging ans sociable alternative to jogging on running machines or pumping iron in a gym. Between them, the new sports will mean another 18 events and 474 athletes at the Tokyo games.Officially, all four sports are delighted with their new status. But with the exception of karate, all of them have
123、 counter-cultural, anti-establishment roots. Some stars have wondered whether accepting the Olympic torch means going against their beliefs. Owen Wright, a famous surfer, has said that surfing is more art form than sport, and therefore not suitable for the games - though he has since gone back on hi
124、s word, and hopes to represent Australia in Tokyo.Adam Ondra, a Czech who is one of the worlds climbers, said he might steer clear of the games because of the format. The eventual Olympic champion will have to master all the three disciplines including bouldering (climbing without a rope, low to the
125、 ground, with a focus on hard, gymnastic moves), lead climbing (roped climbing up a tall wall of increasing difficulty) and speed climbing. Bouldering and lead climbing feature new routes in each stage of a competition, in an effort to imitate the variety of real rock. But speed climbing takes place
126、 on a standard, unvarying course. Because of this, said Mr. Ondra, “speed is a kind of artificial discipline and this is against the soul of climbing.”Skateboarders, also notably rebellious, can be strikingly young. Sky Brown is set to become Britains youngest Olympian and has settled down to traini
127、ng. By the time of the Tokyo games, she will have turned 12.63. Which of the following statements is true about rock climbing？A. It originated in The Arch, a sports centre on the River Thames.B. It has evolved from a mainstream sport into an extreme sport.C. Spectators encouragement contributes to i
128、ts rapid expansion.D. The increase in climbing walls reflects a growing interest in it.64. IOC introduced rock climbing into the Olympics in order to _A. familiarize the global population with the new sportB. attract young people who lack interest in traditional sportsC. enable the young to let off
129、their energy after workD. challenge the dominant status of traditional sports65. What can you infer from the star athletes responses according to the passage?A. Surfers are expected to strike a balance between art and sport in the Olympics.B. Rock climbers must be self-disciplined if they are to win
130、 the championship.C. Adam believes that the soul of climbing consists in its harmony with nature.D. Strikingly young skateboarders have an advantage over other opponents.66. What is the passage mainly about?A. With the addition of new Olympics sports, stars are divided on whether to participate.B. R
131、ock climbing, skateboard, surfing and karate are accepted as Olympics sports.C. Extreme sports athletes rebel against traditions while training for the Olympics.D. The appeal of a new sport event consists is changing for format of this game.【答案】63. D 64. B 65. C 66. A【解析】本文是说明文。国际奥委会将攀岩与滑板，冲浪和空手道一起作
132、为东京夏季奥运会的一项奥林匹克运动首次亮相，而明星运动员们对于空手道之外的三个运动项目进入奥运会存在不认可的态度。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Arch climbing wall, just south of the River Thames, is packed. Scores of people wander around on the thick crash pads, chatting, waiting their turn and offering the odd shout of encouragement to those clinging on to th
133、e colourful climbing walls.”和第二段中的“In 2020 the sports governing bodies are hoping to see an even bigger increase in interest.”可知，人们挤满了泰晤士河以南的The Arch 攀岩墙。 数十人在厚厚的防撞垫上走来走去，聊天，等待轮到他们，并为那些在五彩缤纷的攀岩墙上的人们大声呼喊从而鼓励他们。该运动的理事机构预计2020年人们对于攀岩运动的兴趣会大规模增加。即参与攀岩运动的人越来越多反映了人们对它的兴趣不断增长。故选D。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The I
134、nternational Olympic Committee (IOC) is frank about the ambition to appeal to a younger crowd who may be less familiar with longer-standing sports such as athletics and weightlifting.”可知，国际奥委会希望吸引年轻人参与奥运会，这些人可能对田径运动和举重等奥运会长期以来的运动项目不太熟悉。由此可知，年轻人可能对这些运动项目不太熟悉，因此国际奥委会将攀岩运动引入奥运会是为了吸引对传统体育缺乏兴趣的年轻人。故选B。【6
135、5题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Because of this, said Mr. Ondra, “speed is a kind of artificial discipline and this is against the soul of climbing.”可知，Ondra先生说：“速度是一种人为的规定这与攀登的灵魂背道而驰。即Adam Ondra认为登山的灵魂在于这项运动强调与自然的和谐。故选C。【66题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段讲的是随着人们对于攀岩活动兴趣的增加，国际奥委会将攀岩与滑板，冲浪和空手道一起作为东京夏季奥运会的奥林匹克运动项目首次亮相。后三段主要
136、讲的是明星运动员们对于空手道之外的三个运动项目进入奥运会持质疑的态度。因此A项（随着新的奥林匹克运动项目的增加，明星们在是否参加比赛上也有所分歧。）符合文章内容。故选A。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.How the British
137、and American Tell Childrens StoriesIf Harry Potter and Huckleberry Finn were each to represent British versus American childrens literature, a curious situation would emerge : In a literary competition for the hearts and minds of children, one is a wizard(巫师)- in - training at a boarding school in t
138、he Scottish Highlands, while the other is a barefoot boy drifting down the Mississippi, bothered by cheats, slave hunters, and thieves. One defeats evil with a magic stick, the other takes to a raft(筏)to right a social wrong. _67_The small island of Great Britain is an unquestionably powerhouse of c
139、hildrens bestsellers: Alice in Wonderland, Harry Potter, and The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. Significantly, all are fantasies. _68_ Stories like The Call of the Wild. Charlottes Web, Little Women, and the Adventures of Tom Sawyer are more notable for their realistic portraits of day-to-day li
140、fe in the towns and farmlands on the growing frontier. If British children gathered in the dim light of the kitchen fireplace to hear stories about magic swords and talking bears, American children sat at their mothers knee listening tales with moral messages about a world where life was hard, obedi
141、ence emphasized, and Christian morality valued. Each style has its virtues, but the British approach undoubtedly creates the kinds of stories that appeal to the furthest reaches of childrens imagination._69_ For one, the British have always been in touch with their pagan(异教徒的)folk traditions and sto
142、ries, says Maria Tatar, a Harvard professor of childrens literature. After all, the countrys very origin story is about a young king tutored by a wizard. Legends have always been accepted as history, from Merlin to Macbeth. “Even as the British were digging into these magical worlds, Americans, much
143、 more realistic, always viewed their soil as something to exploit,” says Tatar.American write fantasies too, but nothing like the British, says Jerry Griswold, a San Diego State University professor of childrens literature. He said, “_70_” To prove it, he mentioned Dorothy, the heroine of Wizard of
144、Oz(绿野仙踪)who unmasks the great and powerful Wizard as a cheat. Meanwhile, American fantasies differ in another way: They usually end with a moral lesson learned - for example, in Oz, Dorothys journey ends with the realization: “Theres no place like home.”A. It all goes back to each countrys distinct
145、cultural heritage.B. American stories are rooted in realism; even our fantasies are rooted in realism.C. Both boys are characterized by their unique roles, thus breathing life into the fancy stories.D. Meanwhile, the United States, also a major player in childrens classics, deals much less in magic.
146、E. Britains time-honored countryside, with ancient castles and restful farms, lends itself to fairy-tale invention.F. Both orphans took over the world of childrens literature, but their stories unfold in noticeable different ways.【答案】67. F 68. D 69. A 70. B【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了英国人和美国人在讲述儿童故事方面是不同的，英国儿童文学
147、作品是充满幻想的，而美国儿童文学作品是日常生活的现实写照。尽管美国儿童文学作品也有幻想的元素，但它们植根于现实主义。【67题详解】考查段尾句。空前简要描述了英国和美国的儿童文学的代表作品中的主人公的事迹，因此F项（两个孤儿都接管了儿童文学的世界，但是他们的故事以明显不同的方式展开。）能够承接上文。该选项中的Both orphans指的是前面的Harry Potter and Huckleberry Finn。故选F。【68题详解】考查段中句。空前讲的是英国儿童文学作品是充满幻想的，空后讲的是美国儿童文学作品是日常生活的现实写照。因此，D项（同时，美国还是儿童经典游戏的主要参与者，其魔术交易少得
148、多）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的meanwhile前后两句是在对比英国和美国的儿童文学作品。故选D。【69题详解】考查段首句。空后讲的是英国和美国的儿童文学作品的来源是不同的，英国的儿童文学作品源于民俗传统和故事，而美国的儿童文学作品探索的是现实生活的土地，A项（这可以追溯到每个国家的独特文化遗产）能够与下文连接通顺。故选A。【70题详解】考查段中句。空前讲的是美国儿童文学作品也有幻想的元素，但不像英国的儿童文学作品。空后讲的是美国儿童文学作品在幻想方面不同于美国儿童文学作品的地方。因此B项（美国的故事植根于现实主义；甚至我们的幻想都植根于现实主义。）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通
149、顺。空格后的句子中的it指代的是该选项的内容，随后进行了举例。故选B。IV. Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Britains Buses are Getting EmptierIn Britain, buses account for more public -
150、transport trips than trains, tubes and trams put together. People love them, in theory: one poll by Transport Focus, a consumer group, found that 74% of young people think they are a good way of getting around and 85% believe it is important for a place to have a good bus service. There is just one
151、problem. In practice, Britions are taking buses less and less.Why are London buses emptier? One thing that has changed is young peoples behavior. The young are heavy bus users when they travel. But, increasingly, they do not travel. According to Transport for London, the average 17 - to 24-year-old
152、took 2.3 transport trips per day in the year 2011- 12 but only 1.7 in 2018 - 19. The National Travel Survey confirms that no group has cut back harder on travel since the early 2000s than teenagers. Young people are more diligent these days, and stay in school for longer. They can do the things that
153、 young people love to do on their phones, without going out.The other big bus users are the poor and the old, especially outside London, but both are turning away from buses to cars. Lower lending standards have made cars easier to acquire; a fuel-tax freeze and fuel - saving engines make them cheap
154、er to run. Cars are ever more comfortable and easier to operate, with parking-assist technology and lane-drifting alerts to help starters. Outside London, the average free bus pass was used 90 times in the year 2010-11 but only 74 times in 2018-19, according to the Department for Transport.Finally t
155、here is the gig economy(零工经济). Online shopping and Uber probably substitute of bus trips as well as private car journeys. And they put new vehicles on the roads, which slows everything down. The number of light-goods vehicles in London has risen by 28% since 2012. Tony Travers of the London School o
156、f Economics points out that bus speeds have fallen slightly in the capital, even though private cars have almost been cleared up from the city center. The average London bus now travels at 9.3 miles per hour. Just as people become less inclined to run after buses, they are becoming easier to catch._
157、【答案】Fewer people take buses in the UK. The first reason is that young people use their mobile phones to do their favorite things instead of going out. Secondly, heavy bus users especially those poor and old people who live outside London start to use private cars. Lastly, online shopping and Uber ma
158、y take the place of buses and private cars.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。要求考生在阅读后抓住主要信息进行概要写作。【详解】 概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。通读全文我们可知，第一段提出了本文的话题：In practice, Britons are taking buses less and less.（现实中，在英国乘公共汽车的人越来越少。
159、）；第二段提出了问题：Why are London buses emptier?（为什么在伦敦乘坐公交车的人越来越少？），接着本段中分析了它的一个原因，即They can do the things that young people love to do on their phones, without going out.（年轻人很多时候通过手机就可以不出门来做自己喜欢的事情。）；第三段分析英国乘公共汽车的人越来越少的第二个原因：The other big bus users are the poor and the old, especially outside London, but
160、both are turning away from buses to cars.（其他的公共汽车使用者是穷人和老人，尤其是伦敦以外的人，但他们都从公共汽车转向汽车。）；第四段分析英国乘公共汽车的人越来越少的第三个原因：Finally there is the gig economy(零工经济). Online shopping and Uber probably substitute of bus trips as well as private car journeys. （最后是零工经济。在线购物和Uber可能会取代公交车和私家车的服务。） 通过对以上信息的理解，可以得出结论：本文主要讨
161、论在英国乘坐公共汽车的人越来越少。接下来文章分析了这一现象的三个原因。即年轻人很多时候可以通过手机不需要出门就能够做自己喜欢的事情；其他的公共汽车使用者是穷人和老人，尤其是伦敦以外的人，但他们都从公共汽车转向汽车；在线购物和Uber可能会取代公交车车旅行和私家车旅行。结合文中的关键词可总结如下：Fewer people take buses in the UK. The first reason is that young people use their mobile phones to do their favorite things instead of going out. Secon
162、dly, heavy bus users especially those poor and old people who live outside London start to use private cars. Lastly, online shopping and Uber may take the place of buses and private cars.【点睛】本篇范文对文章内容概述完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了一些短语：instead of， take the place of。使用了that引导的表语从句：The first reason is t
163、hat young people use their mobile phones to do their favorite things instead of going out. 使用了who引导的定语从句：Secondly, heavy bus users especially those poor and old people who live outside London start to use private cars.该总结思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，内容准确。V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following senten
164、ces into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 该论文声称，独处能够让我们更好地进行自我反思。(It )_73. 地方政府应当采取什么样的措施来维持物价的稳定呢？(measure)_74. 即将拍摄一部影片，致敬这些无私奉献的义务工作者。(honor)_75. 互联网教育资源丰富，爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程，足不出户、学遍天下。(So )_【答案】72. It is claimed in the essay/paper that spending time alone can help us better reflec
165、t on ourselves. 73. What measures should the local government take to keep the prices of the goods stable/steady ? 74. A film will soon be made/shot in honor of these medical workers who have made selfless contributions. 75. So abundant/rich are the educational resources on the Internet that those l
166、oving learning/study can have free access to various courses, which enables them to learn everything without going out.【解析】本题考查学生根据汉语意思用所给的词或短语翻译句子。此种题首先要分析所给的汉语句意及具体的考查词的用法，明确考核的要点，选择恰当的词语搭配。这不仅要用所给的词汇进行恰当的翻译，同时还要注意翻译句子时要根据具体的语境，一定要避免汉语式的英语翻译。【72题详解】考查固定短语和it作为形式主语代替主语从句。“独处”可翻译为“spend time alone”，
167、它在从句中作主语，应使用动名词的形式。“自我反思”可译为“reflect on ourselves”。句子结构为“It is+过去分词+that从句”，因此句子“该论文声称，独处能够让我们更好地进行自我反思。”可译为：It is claimed in the essay/paper that spending time alone can help us better reflect on ourselves.【73题详解】考查固定短语和动词不定式。“采取措施”可译为“take measures”。“维持物价的稳定”可翻译为“keep the prices of the goods stabl
168、e/steady”，使用它的动词不定式形式在句子中作目的状语，因此句子“地方政府应当采取什么样的措施来维持物价的稳定呢？”可译为：What measures should the local government take to keep the prices of the goods stable/steady?【74题详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。“致敬”可翻译为“in honor of”。“无私奉献”可翻译为“made selfless contributions”，它修饰工作者，可以使用定语从句：these medical workers who have made selfless
169、contributions。使用被动语态来表达“即将拍摄一部影片”较为合适，可翻译为 “A film will soon be made/shot.”。所以“即将拍摄一部影片，致敬这些无私奉献的义务工作者。”可译为：A film will soon be made/shot in honor of these medical workers who have made selfless contributions.【75题详解】考查倒装句和定语从句。“互联网教育资源丰富”可翻译为“The educational resources are abundant/rich on the Intern
170、et.”。“可以获得”可翻译为“have free access to”。使用sothat句型表达“互联网教育资源丰富可以发挥的作用是爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程，足不出户、学遍天下”，当so位于句首时其后面紧跟的句子需要使用倒装语序，即：So abundant /rich are the educational resources on the Internet that。 that后面的句子表示“爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程，足不出户、学遍天下”。 “爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程” 可翻译为“those loving learning/study can have free acce
171、ss to various courses.”。 “使某人能够做某事”可翻译为“enable sb to do”。使用which指代“爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程”来引导非限制性定语从句，从句意为“足不出户、学遍天下”，即which enables them to learn everything without going out.所以“互联网教育资源丰富，爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程，足不出户、学遍天下。”可译为：So abundant/rich are the educational resources on the Internet that those loving learni
172、ng/study can have free access to various courses, which enables them to learn everything without going out.VI. Guided Writing76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.经过一段时间的网上学习之后，明启中学在高三学生中进行了一个题为”你最喜欢的在线上课模式”的调查，调查结果如图所示。A. 直
173、播课并且有师生互动 B. 录播课并且之后有师生互动时间C. 直播课但无师生互动 D. 录播课且之后也无师生互动时间你可能会用到的词汇:直播课:live streaming lesson 录播课: prerecorded lesson请你根据该图标写篇作文，你的文中需包含以下信息:1. 简要描述该图标；2. 谈谈你的看法_【答案】 Chinese students have been taking online courses for more than two months. Mingqi middle school has conducted a survey among its senio
174、r 3 students whose topic is “your favorite online class mode”. The results are as follows. From this chart, we can see that 50% of the students surveyed like live streaming lesson with teacher-student interaction while 30% students like prerecorded lesson with teacher-student interaction after it. S
175、tudents who like online class without any teacher-student interaction only account for 5% respectively. Above all, students generally like online courses with teacher-student interaction. As a senior 3 student, I think interaction is necessary, for it can make the online teaching atmosphere more act
176、ive and easily attract students attention. Students can have their problems explained by the teacher in time. However, too much screen time causes eyestrain, and even a decline in vision. Therefore, students should be able to have a break regularly to relieve eye fatigue.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达要求写一篇短文。经过一段时间
177、的网上学习之后，明启中学在高三学生中进行了一个题为“你最喜欢的在线上课模式”的调查， 请根据调查结果，写一篇短文来描述调查结果并谈谈你的看法。【详解】动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点。我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。根据内容提示和分析图表可知写作的关键点在于：1. 简要描述该图标，四种网课模式受学生喜欢的程度。2. 就此问题谈谈你的看法。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇、短语及句子有：take online courses，c
178、onduct a survey among its senior 3 students，online class mode. The results are as follows. 50% of the students surveyed like live streaming lesson with teacher-student interaction，30% of the students like prerecorded lesson with teacher-student interaction after it，account for，I think interaction is
179、 necessary. make the online teaching atmosphere more active，attract students attention，have problems explained，in time，Too much screen time causes eyestrain, and even a decline in vision. have a break regularly。可以使用的衔接词：(1)表示选择关系或对等关系的连接词：eitheror，neithernor，or，as well as，bothand。(2)表示因果关系的连接词：there
180、fore，so，as a result，as a result of ，because of，due to ，owing to，thanks to等。(3)表示时间顺序的连接词：then，later，meanwhile，at the beginning，in the end，before long，as soon as，at first ，for the first(second)time，the minute，the moment等。(4)表示转折对比关系的连接词：yet，but，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，however等。(5)表示解释
181、说明的连接词：that is，that is to say，in other words，such as，for instance，and so on等。(6)表示递进关系的连接词：not onlybut (also)，whats more， whats worse，besides，in addition，worse still，moreover 等。(7)表示总结的连接词：in a word，on the whole， in short， briefly， in brief，to sum up， in all等。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误
182、。【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句： Mingqi middle school has conducted a survey among its senior 3 students whose topic is your favorite online class mode. 这句话运用了whose引导的定语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如： as follows，account for，attract students attention。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。- 38 -
