1、上海市建平中学2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期中试题（含解析）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.1. By the end of the 1980s. about 9.5 million elephants _for the ivory trade in South Africa.A. were killedB. were being killedC. had been killedD. have been ki
2、lled【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：截至20世纪80年代末，已经有大约950万头大象因为象牙贸易在南非被杀害。分析句意，这里表达的是从很久之前一直持续到过去的某个时间点（20世纪80年代末），共有（已经有）950万头大象被杀，应使用过去完成时。同时by the end of（到时为止）常与过去完成时搭配，是一个标志词，具有很强的提示作用。主语大象和杀害是被动关系，本题中使用过去完成时的被动语态had been+过去分词，故选C。2. At Google. we see it as our job to help small companies make full use o
3、f technology, _ it is finding new customers or working more efficiently.A. whetherB. no matterC. whateverD. so that【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：在谷歌，我们把助力小企业更充分地使用技术视作我们的使命，不管是（用技术帮助它们）找到新的客户还是更高效地工作。A. whether是否，不论，不管；B. no matter不论怎样，不要紧；C. whatever任何事物，无论什么；D. so that以便，所以。分析句意可知，这里表达的是“不管A还是B”，都是我们要
4、帮助小企业更好地利用技术的两个方面，四个选项中只有whether可构成whetheror的固定结构，且意为“不管还是”，故选A。3. _Jay Chous newly-released song Wont Cry met with instant financial success, public opinions have been divided. Some people insist it is unoriginal.A. WhileB. WhenC. BecauseD. As【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然周杰伦最新推出的歌曲Wont Cry在经济上快速获得了成功，但
5、舆论众说纷纭。有些人坚持认为这首歌是非原创的。分析句子可知，从句所说的“经济效益明显”和主句“舆论众说纷纭”前后存在让步关系，故“_Jay Chous newly-released song Wont Cry met with instant financial success”应该是一个让步状语从句。选项中“while”以及“as”都可引导让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管”之意，但“as”引导让步状语从句需要倒装，本题中并未用倒装句，因此选择“while”来引导此让步状语从句。故选A项。4. A diet_plant lite can help with the prevention of he
6、art disease and even cancer.A. basing onB. to be based onC. based onD. to base on【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：以植物精华为基础的饮食可以帮助预防心脏病甚至癌症。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词can help with且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词。句中涉及固定短语“be based on”，意为“以为基础”，diet与base on之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用base on的过去分词based on，在句中作后置定语，意为“以植物精华为基础的饮食”。故选C项。5. The Premier
7、says that bilateral relations will grow smoothly and steadily_both countries follow the principle in the joint documents.A. as far asB. thoughC. unlessD. as long as【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查条件状语从句和从属连词。句意：总理说只要两国遵守联合公告的原则，那么双边的关系就会顺利地、稳定地发展。Aas far as据，就；Bthough虽然，尽管；Cunless除非，如果不；Das long as只要。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从
8、句，空格后句为空格前句的条件。根据句意可知，句中指“只要”遵守联合公告，双边的关系就会顺利地、稳定地发展，故应用as long as引导从句。故选D项。6. A college freshman complained on her Weibo post that her mother_to give her only 2000 yuan each month for living expenses when she asked for 4.500 yuan, which sparked off massive online debate.A. had agreedB. would agreeC
9、. agreedD. was agreeing【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一名大一新生在微博上抱怨说，当她向母亲索要4500元时，母亲同意每月只给她2000元生活费，这在网上引发了热议。根据主句的complained(抱怨），可知从句应用过去的时态，结合从句中.when she asked for 4.500 yuan.(当她向母亲索要4500元时），母亲同意每月只给她2000元生活费。在that引导的宾语从句中，从句和主句的动作几乎同时发生，故应用一般过去时态。故答案为C。7. We all know that we should take better care of o
10、urselves and relax more. but its easy to _the opportunities to do just that because of the daily work priorities that consume our livesA. overlookB. accessC. abandonD. preserve【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道，我们应该更好地照顾自己，多放松一下。 但是由于每天的工作会消耗我们的生命，因此很容易忽略这样做的机会。Aoverlook忽视；Baccess接近；Cabandon放弃；Dpres
11、erve保持。分析语境可知，此处意为“忽视这样做的机会”切合句意。故选项。【点睛】8. In some countries, tourists need to apply for the_of the local people if they want to camp in some places.A. permissionB. admissionC. reflectionD. allowance【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在有些国家，如果游客想要在某些地方露营的话需要先申请获得当地人的许可。A. permission允许，许可；B. admission承认，入场费（允许
12、进入）；C. reflection反映，反射；D. allowance津贴。分析语境，想要露营先要当地人允许才行，这里需要获得准许的是“露营”这一动作，进入这些地方本身没有问题，也不是允许进入（比赛）场馆的问题，B应排除；同时应注意D为易混词，allow是允许，但allowance是津贴；C选项完全不符合语境；A的“允许，许可”使用得当，故本题选A。 Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the
13、blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank.The bell rings - lunchtime! You hurry down the noisy halls to the cafeteria. The unmistakable smell of hot pizza _9_(make) your mouth water. At last, you
14、balance your plate of pizza and salad _10_you pay the cashier. You look around the cafeteria for your fiends. Then, you walk to the table. sit down, and begin to eat._11_(think) about how many parts of your body were involved in the simple act of getting and eating your lunch. Every minute of the da
15、y, whether you are eating. studying, walking, or even sleeping. your body is busily _12_work. Each part of the body has a specific job _13_-(do). And all the different parts of your body usually work together so smoothly _14_you don t even notice them.This smooth functioning is due partly to the way
16、 in which the body _15_(organize). The levels of organization in the human body consist of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. _16_(small) unit of organization is the cell. Finally the organ system is the largest unit of organization.【答案】9. makes 10. when 11. Think 12. at 13. to do 14. that 15
17、. is organized 16. The smallest【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要描述了身体不同部位对我们行为的影响。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：绝不能错过的热披萨的味道会让你流口水。根据前后文，此处是描述现在的常态，所以用一般现在时，本句主语是The unmistakable smell of hot pizza，中心词是smell，主语是单数形式，谓语动词用三单，故填makes。【10题详解】考查连词。句意：当你付钱给收银员时，你平衡了你的披萨和沙拉盘。根据句意，此处表示当做某事时，需要用when引导时间状语从句，故填when。【11题详解】考查祈使句。句意：想想你的身体有多
18、少部位参与了这个简单的获取和吃午餐的行为。此处表示建议，是祈使句，需要用动词原形开头，故填Think。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：每天的每一分钟，无论你在吃东西，学习，散步，甚至睡觉。你的身体正忙于工作。be at work表示“在工作”，是固定搭配。故填at。【13题详解】考查不定式。句意：我们身体的每一个部分都有工作可做。have sth to do表示有某事要做，是固定搭配，故填to do。【14题详解】考查连词。句意：你身体的所有不同部位通常配合得非常流畅，你甚至都不会注意到它们。本句是so.that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此.以至于”，故填that。【15题详解】考查被动语态。
19、句意：这种流畅的运作部分是由于身体的组织方式。in which the body_ (organize)是定语从句，从句的主语是the body，谓语动词是organize，主谓之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is organized。【16题详解】考查最高级。句意：最小的组织单位是细胞。根据后文的the largest，可知这里细胞是最小的组织单位，所以用最高级，故填The smallest。Section BDirections. Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can on
20、ly be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. promises B. access C. requires D. recognizes E. basic F. EnsureG. lack H. progress I. clearly J. slightly K. adequateWhile global poverty rates have been cut by more than half since 2000, one in ten people in developing regions still
21、 lives on less than US $I .90 a day - the internationally agreed poverty line, and millions of others live on_17_ more than this daily amount. Significant _18_ has been made in many countries within Eastern and southeastern Asia, but up to 42% of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to liv
22、e below the poverty line.Poverty means more than the_19_ of income and productive resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Its signs include hunger and malnutrition, limited_20_ to education and other basic services, social injustice and exclusion, as well as failure to participate in decision-m
23、aking. Today, more than 780 million people live below the international poverty line.More than 11% of the world population is living in extreme poverty and struggling to fulfill the most_21_ needs like health, education, and the use of water, to name a few.Ending poverty in all its forms is the firs
24、t of the 17 goals of the 2030 Plan for Sustainable Development. The goal has been clearly set: “_22_ significant transport of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide_23_ and predictable means for developing countries, in particular
25、 least developed countries, to carry out programmes and policies to end poverty in all its aspects.”The 2030 Plan for Sustainable Development_24_ to leave no one behind and to reach those furthest behind first. Meeting this ambitious development plan_25_ long-term policies for sustainable, inclusive
26、, and sustained economic growth. supported by full employment and decent work for all, social integration, declining inequality, rising productivity and a favorable environment. In the 2030 Plan. Goal One_26_ that ending poverty in all its forms everywhere is the greatest global challenge facing the
27、 world today and a necessary requirement for sustainable development.【答案】17. J 18. H 19. G 20. B 21. E 22. F 23. K 24. A 25. C 26. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。虽然自2000年以来，全球贫困率已经消除了超过一半，但仍然后很多人生活在国际公认的贫困线以下。贫困不仅意味着缺乏收入和生产资源，还意味着营养不良和教育资源的缺乏等。此外，文章详细阐述了关于2030年可持续发展计划消除贫困的目标。【17题详解】考查副词。句意：发展中地区每十人就有一人每天的生活费仍低于1.90美元
28、国际公认的贫困线，其他数百万人的生活水平略高于这一水平。根据句意，该空意为“略微，稍微”，副词slightly意为“略微，稍微”，在该句中修饰形容词“more”作状语。故选J 项。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：东亚和东南亚的许多国家已经取得了重大进展，但撒哈拉以南非洲地区高达42%的人口仍然生活在贫困线以下。空格前“Significant”为形容词，所以空格处填名词。再根据句意，该空意为“进展，进步”，名词progress 意为“进展”。故选H 项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：贫穷不仅仅意味着缺乏收入和生产资源来确保可持续的生计。根据该空前定冠词the可知，该空处应填名词。再根据该句中的“P
29、overty”可知，该空意为“缺乏”。名词短语 the lack of 意为“缺乏”，该空处缺少名词lack。故选G 项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：其表现包括饥饿和营养不良，接近教育资源和其他基本服务的机会有限，社会歧视和排斥，以及缺乏参与决策的能力。根据该空前的形容词limited（有限的）可知，该空填名词，再根据句意，“接近（access to）” 教育资源和其他基本服务的机会有限，名词短语access to意为“接近，使用的机会”，该空处缺少名词access，故选B 项。21题详解】考查形容词。句意：世界上超过11%的人口生活在极度贫困之中，他们正在努力满足最基本的需求，如健康、教育
30、和用水等。根据该空前的“the most”及该空后的名词“needs”可知，该空是形容词最高级用法，该空处应该填形容词作定语修饰“needs”，再根据“like health, education, and the use of water”可知，健康、教育和用水都是人最基本的（basic）需求。形容词basic意为“基本的”，故选E项。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：目标已经明确规定：“确保通过加强发展合作等方式从各种来源大量调动资源，以便为发展中国家特别是最不发达国家提供适当和可预见的手段，旨在执行从各方面消除贫困的方案和政策。”根据语境，该空考查祈使句的用法，结合句意，动词ensure意为
31、 “确保”，动词原形置于句首且首字母大写，符合句意。故选F项。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：目标已经明确规定：“认识到各种来源的大量资源运输，包括通过加强发展合作，以便为发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家提供充分和可预测的手段，执行方案和政策，从各个方面消除贫穷。” 根据“and predictable means”可知，该空考查and连接并列形容词结构，作定语修饰名词“means”，再根据句意，形容词adequate意为“足够的，充足的”，符合句意。故选K项。【24题详解】考查动词。句意：2030年可持续发展计划承诺不让任何人落后，并首先帮助落后最远的人。分析句子结构可知，该句主语“The 2
32、030 Plan for Sustainable Development(2030年可持续发展计划)”是专有名词，因此，该空填谓语动词，且应用第三人称单数形式，根据句意，动词promise意为“ 承诺，许诺”，其第三人称单数是promises，且符合句意，故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词。句意：实现这一雄心勃勃的发展计划需要长期的可持续发展政策。分析句子结构可知，该空前的动名词短语 “Meeting this ambitious development plan”是句子的主语，因此，该空处填谓语动词，再根据句意，require意为“需要”符合语境；动名词作主语，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式r
33、equires，且符合句意，故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：在2030年计划中,目标1认识到，消除各地各种形式的贫困是当今世界面临的最大全球挑战，也是可持续发展必不可少的要求。分析句子可知，该空是主句谓语动词，该空前的“Goal One (目标1)”是主语，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，根据句意，动词recognize 意为“ 认识到”，其第三人称单数是recognizes ，且符合句意，故选D项。II. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections. For each blank in the following passage there ar
34、e four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Exchange a glance with someone, and then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second _27_ and you have made a_28_ statement. Hold it for 3 seco
35、nds, and the meaning has_29_ again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a persons gaze_30_ being rude or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted?To answer this question, consider what you_31_ do. You are very likely to give other
36、passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean no_32_. Since being close to another person_33_ the possibility of interaction. You need to send out a message telling others you want to be_34_. So you cut off eye contact. That is what sociologist Erving Goffman calls “a di
37、mming of the lights.” You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere_35_ into another passengers eyes. If you_36_ the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person extremely_ _37_, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.If you hold eye co
38、ntact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the_38_. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time. Then _39_ their eyes down for 3 seconds_40_ letting their
39、eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, the man who is being stared at might feel offended and stare back at the first man,_41_a staring down contest. This type of stare often produces unfriendly feelings.27. A. furtherB. closerC. longerD. shorter28. A. differentB. s
40、imilarC. politeD. typical29. A. deepenedB. developedC. extendedD. changed30. A. withB. withoutC. byD. for31. A. strangelyB. typicallyC. rudelyD. comfortably32. A. respectB. doubtC. threatD. stress33. A. signalsB. deniesC. excludesD. tests34. A. talked toB. cared forC. turned toD. left alone35. A. bu
41、tB. besidesC. includingD. from36. A. setB. obeyC. adoptD. ignore37. A. impressedB. interestedC. uncomfortableD. friendly38. A. backgroundB. situationC. curiosityD. signal39. A. putB. dropC. turn .D. trace40. A. afterB. onceC. whileD. before41. A. arising fromB. resulting inC. starting withD. lying i
42、n【答案】27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. B 40. D 41. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了在社交场合尤其是在电梯里时，人们眼神交流时间都有一定时间规则的，时间过长会被认为冒犯了别人。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：再多坚持一秒，你就做出了不同的表态。A. further 进一步的；B. closer 更近的；C. longer 更长的；D. shorter 更短的。根据上文“Exchange a glance with someone, and then
43、look away”以及下文“Hold it for 3 seconds.”可知，此处是用时间逐步递增的关系，来说明人与人之间的眼神交流，因此，该句意思为再多坚持一秒长（longer）时间，故选C项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：再多坚持一秒，你就做出了不同的表态。A. different 不同的；B. similar 相似；C. polite 礼貌；D. typical 典型。根据上文“Do you realize that you have made a statement?”以及下文“Hold it for 3 seconds. and the meaning has_3_ a
44、gain.”可知，看一眼，就做出了一个表态，保持3秒钟，表态又变了，因此，此处指的是“不同的（different）”表态，故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：保持3秒钟,意思又变了。A. deepened 加深；B. developed 发达；C. extended扩展；D. changed 改变。根据上文“Exchange a glance with someone, and then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second _1_ and you
45、 have made a_2_ statement.”可知，与某人交换一眼，然后移开视线，你就已经做出了一个表态，坚持一秒钟，表态又变了。作者在这里用时间递增的方式，来说明在社交场合，眼神交流的时间长短是自己对对方做出的一个表态。因此，此处指的是“保持三秒钟，你改变了（changed）表态”。故选D项。【30题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：对于每一种社交场合，都有一个你能容许的时间，这个时间让你看待一个人的注视不带有粗鲁或咄咄逼人。A. with 与；B. without没有，不带有；C. by通过；D. for 为了。根据该句中的“permissible time（容许的时间）”与 “rud
46、e or aggressive.（粗鲁或咄咄逼人）”可知，此处指“不带有（without）粗鲁或咄咄逼人的注视”，故选B项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：要回答这个问题，考虑一下你通常做什么。A. strangely 奇怪的是；B. typically 通常；C. rudely 粗鲁；D. comfortably 舒适。根据下文“You are very likely to give other passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean no_6_.”可知，在电梯里，你很能会给其
47、他乘客快速的一瞥以打量他们，使他们确信你对他们没有威胁。大家在电梯里通常（typically）都这么做。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你很能会给其他乘客快速的一瞥以打量他们，使他们确信你对他们没有威胁。A. respect 尊重；B. doubt 怀疑；C. threat 威胁；D. stress 的压力。根据上文“For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a persons gaze_4_ being rude or aggressive.”可知，对于每一种社交场合，注
48、视别人的时间要有一个度，时间太久就被认为是粗鲁或咄咄逼人的。在电梯里同样如此，必须快速打量一下，让他们确信你没有威胁（threat）。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为和另一个人亲近表明交流的可能。A. signals表明；B. denies 否认；C. excludes 排除；D. tests 测试。根据该空前后“being close to another person”以及“the possibility of interaction.”可推知，和另一个人亲近表明（signals）交流的可能。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你需要发出一条信息告诉别人你想
49、独处，这样就中断了眼神交流。A. talked to 与某人交谈；B. cared for 照顾；C. turned to 转向；D. left alone 独处。根据下文的“So you cut off eye contact.”可知，你移开的眼神，由此推知，你想自己独处（left alone），故选D项。【35题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：你低头看地板，看指示灯，看任何地方除了看另一个乘客的眼睛。A. but除之外；B. besides除之外(还)；C. including 包括；D. from从。结合上文及根据下文“If you_10_ the rule against staring
50、 at a stranger on an elevator”可知，在电梯里通常不看别人，否则就违反了“电梯规则”。故选A项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你忽视了在电梯里盯着陌生人看的规则，你会让对方非常不舒服。A. set 设置；B. obey 服从；C. adopt 采用；D. ignore 忽视。结合上文及下文“you will make the other person extremely _11_, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.”可知，如果在电梯里盯着别人看，会让别人觉得不舒服，也让自己觉得奇怪。这是
51、忽视了（ignore）规则。故选D项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你忽视了在电梯里盯着陌生人看的规则，你会让对方非常不舒服。A. impressed 印象深刻；B. interested 感兴趣；C. uncomfortable 不舒服；D. friendly 友好的。结合第一段中的“For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a persons gaze_4_ being rude or aggressive.”可知，在电梯里，盯着别人看，会让对方感觉你是粗鲁和咄咄逼人的，
52、这会让他们感觉不舒服（uncomfortable）。故选C项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很大程度上取决于个人和情况。A. background 背景；B. situation情况；C. curiosity 好奇心；D. signal 信号。根据下文“For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time.”可知，男人和女人用这种方式交流，他们通常一次凝视对方大约3秒钟。这是作
53、者补充说明上一句提到的情况（situation）。故选B项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在让他们的眼睛再次相遇之前，他们眼睛向下看3秒钟。 A. put 把；B. drop下降；C. turn转弯；D. trace 跟踪。 根据“_14_ letting their eyes meet again”可知，互相看对方一眼之后，应该眼神向下（drop）眼神，以避免过久直视产生不舒服。故选B项。【40题详解】考查连词介词词义辨析。句意：然后在让他们的眼睛再次相遇之前，他们眼睛向下看3秒钟。A. after 之后；B. once 一旦；C. while 虽然；D. before 之前。根
54、据下文“But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, the man who is being stared at might feel “offended”可知，如果一个人盯着另一个人看了3秒多，被盯着看的人可能会觉得“被冒犯了”，因此，为了避免被认为冒犯别人，必须在眼睛再次相遇之前（before），眼睛向下看来。故选D项。【41题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是如果一个男人盯着另一个男人看了3秒多，被盯着看的人可能会觉得被冒犯了并用眼睛瞪回来，导致了“盯着看”比赛。A. arising from 产生于；B. result
55、ing in 导致；C. starting with 开始；D. lying in 存在于。分析句意可知，盯着别人看太久，别人会认为不礼貌，别人再盯回来，这样互相盯着，结果就导致（resulting in）了“盯着看”比赛。故选B项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A、B、C an
56、d D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Bus Crash AngelThe phone rings. 1 wait for the answering machine to get it. but for some reason. its not picking up. I exhale. annoyed.“Hello, I say; an edge in my voice.Daddy. its me. Its
57、Alyce. my 12-year-old daughter. Mommy was just in a car accident.”My heart stops and then begins pounding.“Are you all right?Yes.“Is Mommy?A deep sob.“I don t know -. I don t think so. Come quick.I sprint a few blocks to what looks like a shoot for a disaster movie. A city bus is on the wrong side o
58、f the road. In front of it are the smashed remains of Susan s car. Susan is pinned under the dashboard. There is no front windshield. Alyce is standing on the corner crying. Covered in tiny shared of glass but uninjured. Inconceivable.Susan isnt so lucky. But she is alive. It turns out she has broke
59、n nearly every bone in her body,(B)5 Little - Known PunctuationMarks We should Be Usingrisk boring your friends with a mere full stop at the end of your ts. posts. and e-mails? Clarify your message with these handy rentions. used or advocated by punctuation mavericks(特立独行的人) round the world.LOVE POI
60、NTThe equivalent of punctuating your love letter with an emoji hear, the love point is two hugging and kissing question marks sharing a full stop. Try it after sentences such as Happy anniversary and“I love my cat”TERROBANGWhile the combination question mark and exclamation point can be effectively
61、replaced by using one of each she did what?). that somehow ks the punch of throwing them top of each other to finish your fught.Besides, who among us doesnt want to say interrobang are often?RHETORICAL QUESTION MARKThe backward question mark was proposed in the late 1500s as the ending to a rhetoric
62、al question. So clever! Who knew?CERTITUDE POINTA moms favorite. The certitude point conveys total certainty. as in. We are not going to the zoo and thats FINAL!ACCLAMATION POINTThe French author who proposed this mark in 1966 described it as“the stylized representation of the two small flags that f
63、loat at the top of the bus when a head of state visits. Acclamation is a demonstration of goodwill or welcome. so you could use it to say, I m glad you could make it or“God bless America”42. The author suggests that we should be using these five punctuation marks because_.A. they carry more emotions
64、 than the present onesB. the present punctuation marks are confusingC. people are fed up with the full stop marksD. they are well-received by the mavericks43. Which sentence uses the punctuation properly?A. Wish you a happy new year.B. He did quite a good job. You agree.C. You have to hand in your h
65、omework on time.D. How dare you take my bike without permission.44. In which book can you probably find this article?A. Funny Signs in LifeB. Language Around UsC. Manners and CulturesD. English Dictionary【答案】42. A 43. C 44. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了种方便好用的标点符号，以及各自的特点。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第一部分中“risk boring yo
66、ur friends with a mere full stop at the end of your ts. posts. and e-mails? Clarify your message with these handy rentions. used or advocated by punctuation mavericks(特立独行的人) round the world.”你还在信件和邮件的结尾用单纯的省略号让你的朋友感到厌烦吗，试着用这些方便好用的标点符号来阐释你的信息吧。可知，作者建议我们应该使用这五个标点符号，因为它们比当前的标点符号具有更多的情感。故选项。【43题详解】细节理解
67、题。根据CERTITUDE POINT部分“The certitude point conveys total certainty.”确定点传达了绝对的确定性。可知，项“You have to hand in your homework on time”“你必须按时交作业”语气符合CERTITUDE POINT中“A moms favorite. The certitude point conveys total certainty.”所述。A项“Wish you a happy new year.”祝你新年快乐。表示祝福要用感叹号，故错误。B项“He did quite a good job
68、. You agree.”他做得很好，你同意。与RHETORICAL QUESTION MARK中“The backward question mark was proposed in the late 1500s as the ending to a rhetorical question.”向后问号是在1500年代后期提出的，是修辞问题的结尾。选项没有用问号相违背，故错误。D项“How dare you take my bike without permission”你怎么敢未经允许就带我的自行车。结尾应该用问号，故错误。故选项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第一部分中“risk bori
69、ng your friends with a mere full stop at the end of your ts. posts. and e-mails? Clarify your message with these handy rentions. used or advocated by punctuation mavericks(特立独行的人) round the world.”你还在信件和邮件的结尾用单纯的省略号让你的朋友感到厌烦吗，试着用这些方便好用的标点符号来阐释你的信息吧。可知这篇文章介绍了种标点符号，结合常识可知，标点符号是语言表达的一部分。可以在我们周围的语言这本书里看
70、到这篇文章。故选项。【点睛】(C)For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans give trains, jets. and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the
71、 elevator, they point out. there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings. and city life, as we know. would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevators role in American history has been n0 less significant than that of cars. In fact. according to Wilk, the car and the elevator
72、have been locked in a“secret war”for over a century. with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地) . and elevators pushing them toward lite in close groups of towering vertical (垂 直的) columns.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators. it might be because riding in the
73、n tends to be such a brief. boring. and even awkward experience - one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we re hanging from a cable in a long passage.In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural stud
74、ies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a tally comfortable experience.“Aterl50 years, we are still not used to it. Bernard said. “We still ha
75、ve not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure. That mixture. according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.Today, as the world s urban population explodes. and cities become denser
76、, taller, and more crowded, America s total number of elevators - 900.000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazines 2012 Vertical Transportation Industry - are a force that s becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really. really love them, it seems like high time that w
77、e looked seriously at just what kind of force they are .45. What does the underlined word“this in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The general view of elevators.B. The particular interests of experts.C. The desire for a remarkable machine.D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.46. According to Prof. Bernar
78、d, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?A. Vertical direction.B. Lack of excitement.C. Little physical space.D. Meeting with unpleasant people.47. The author urges readers to considerA. the exact number of elevator loversB. the serious future situation of elevatorsC.
79、 the role of elevators in city developmentD. the relationship between cars and elevators【答案】45. A 46. C 47. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了电梯在城市发展中的重要地位。【45题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains,
80、 jets, and even bicycles”对于大多数城市人来说，电梯是一台不起眼的机器，不会激发美国人对火车，喷气机甚至自行车的热情或兴趣。代词this一般代指上文的事物，可推知，“this”指代的是公众对于电梯的这种观点。故选A项。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives”据Bern
81、ard说，这种混合使电梯的行驶与我们在生活中遇到的几乎所有其他情况区分开。可知，that mixture指的即是前一句的the mixture of closeness and displeasure, 即乘坐电梯时的封闭性和令人不悦的影响，C项little physical space与文中closeness为同义替换，符合文意。故选C项。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at jus
82、t what kind of force they are”对于那些真的非常爱这些的人，似乎是时候了，我们认真地思考一下这是一种什么样的驱动力。可知，作者主张人们认真思考电梯在城市发展中的重要性。故选C项。(D)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nat
83、ure of the physical world. and the baby is. well, just playing . right? Perhaps. but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think .Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed ov
84、er the table edge. it falls in the ground - and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact; bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are th
85、ey ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tool differ, the baby s investigation and the scientists experiment appear to sh
86、are the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?)Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way - that they investigate human psy
87、chology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example,
88、unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists hav
89、e suggested that science as an effort -the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world - is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same dri
90、ve that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it. It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.48. According to som
91、e developmental psychologists,_.A. a babys play is nothing more than a gameB. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientist s experimentC scientists should conduct scientific investigation with babiesD. research into babies games helps to reveal the nature of physics49. Children may learn the rules
92、 of language by_.A. exploring the physical worldB. investigating human psychologyC. repeating their own experimentsD. observing their parents behaviors50. What is the main idea of the whole passage?A The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B. Studying babies play may lead to a
93、 better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.【答案】48. B 49. C 50. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的某些行为和科学家的科学研究某种程度上很类似，研究孩子的发展过程可以让人们更好的了解科学以及科学家。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“but some
94、 developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.”可知，但一些发展心理学家认为，这种“游戏”比人们想象的更像是一种科学调查。此处表达的意思与“孩子的玩耍在某种程度上类似于科学家的实验”相同。故选B项。【49题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering and fina
95、lly overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.”意为“比如，可能只有通过反复的实验、收集证据，最终推翻一个理论，宝宝才会逐渐接受这样一个观念，即别人可能会对他或她所拥有的有不同的看法和欲望，比如，不像孩子，
96、妈咪其实不喜欢鸽子巧克力。”可知，孩子学习语言规律的方式即通过反复的实验、收集证据。故选C项。【50题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.”一些发展心理学家认为，这种“游戏”比人们想象的更像是一种科学调查（即：心理发展学家认为孩子的玩耍在某种程度上类似于科学家的实验）以及最后一段“Viewing childhood development as a sci
97、entific investigation throws light on how children learn”“将儿童发展视为一项科学调查，不但有助于揭示儿童如何学习，也提供了一个启发式看待科学和科学家的视角。” 可知，整个文章主要介绍了研究孩子的发展过程可以让人们更好的了解科学以及科学家。故选B项。第II卷I . TranslationDirections. Translate the following sentences into English. using the words given in the brackets.51. 只有穿校服的学生才能进学校。 (admit)（汉译英
98、）【答案】Only students who wear school uniforms are admitted to/into the campus/school.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。句子主语为students，后接who引导的定语从句“who wear school uniforms”，表示“穿校服的学生”，谓语涉及固定短语“be admitted to/into”，意为“被允许进入”，主语为students，be用are，宾语为the campus/school，only意为“只有”，放在主语前，修饰主语。故翻译为：
99、Only students who wear school uniforms are admitted to/into the campus/school.52. 地震过后，许多中国古代的雕塑都被摧毁了。(ruin) （汉译英）【答案】Many ancient Chinese sculptures fell into ruins after the earthquake.【解析】【详解】考查时态和固定短语。本句主语是Many ancient Chinese sculptures，谓语动词是fall into，根据句意，此处是描述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时态，fall into ruins
100、表示“变成废墟”，是固定短语，时间状语是after the earthquake，故翻译为Many ancient Chinese sculptures fell into ruins after the earthquake.53. 要不了多久，专家们就能研究出治疗癌症的新疗法。(remedy n.) （汉译英）【答案】It wont be long before the experts resolve a new remedy for the cancer.【解析】【详解】考查时态和固定短语。it wont be long before+句子表示“不久就”，后面加的句子需要用一般现在时。后
101、面的句子主语是the experts，谓语动词是resolve，resolve a remedy表示“研究出疗法”，是固定短语，宾语是a new remedy，结合句子其他部分，故翻译为It wont be long before the experts resolve a new remedy for the cancer.54. 直到这座宫殿的遗迹被完全修复，它才会对公众开放。 (Not until) （汉译英）【答案】Not until the remains of this palace are fully restored will they be open to the public.【解析】【详解】考查not until引导的时间状语从句。句意：在这座宫殿的遗迹被完全修复之前，不会向公众开放。分析句子结构可知，这是一个时间状语从句，not until 意为“直到才”，当not until 置于句首的时候，句子要用倒装语序，结合句意可知，主句使用将来时，从句使用一般现在时，be open to the public对公众开放。故翻译为：Not until the remains of this palace are fully restored will they be open to the public.23
