1、格致中学高三开学考2016.9II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word th
2、at best fits each blank.An accident in a bicycle race in the United States eight years ago alerted James Chang to the importance of sports medicine. One of his riding companions (21) _ (injure) severely in the accident. From then on, Chang, 45, a Chinese-American who was born in Anhui province, bega
3、n to launch business relating to physical safety and medical assistance, particularly in sport. So (22)_ he took up marathon running two years ago he was shocked to see frequent injuries, many of them avoidable.“I always heard people talking about people in marathons in China dying suddenly,” he say
4、s, adding that one reason why many of these deaths happen is (23) _ there is a lot of ignorance in China about what marathon running involves.Many amateur runners in China who are highly competitive get carried away and run at a pace that is far in excess of (24) _ they can expect their body to take
5、, and even ignore clear signals such as pain, Chang says. As Chinese have placed more emphasis on leading healthy life-styles in recent years, marathon and other long-distance running (25) _ (become) a highly popular sport across the country quickly.More than 50 China Athletic Association-sanctioned
6、 urban marathons were held in the country last year, and 39 races（26）_ (involve) more than 750,000 runners were held the year before. However, long-distance running is a serious business that（27）_ exact a heavy physical toll on runners.“Marathon carries (28) _(high) risks of injury than other forms
7、of sport,” Hou says, adding that the key to avoiding injury is to strengthen the body through regular exercise and to be aware of ones own physical condition.Although some chronic injuries are hard (29)_(avoid), even for highly experienced runners, cramp, fainting and shock can easily be prevented (
8、30)_ runners better understand the sport, he says.21. was injured 22.when 23.that 24. what 25. have become 26.involving 27. can 28.higher 29.to avoid 30.if Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word
9、 more than you need.A. travelsB. interactionC. presidentialD. disagreements E. releasedF. patrioticG. scheduledH. humanityI. demonstratingJ. encounteredK. involvingWith the publication of the new memoir （a book by someone important and famous in which they write about their life and experiences），Har
10、d Choices, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has kicked off a book tour that could preview a _31_run.The tour began in the friendliest possible setting: a book-signing event at a Barnes & noble in Manhattans Union Square. Around 1,000 people some had slept on the sidewalk the nig
11、ht beforecheered as Clinton arrived about 20 minutes behind schedule and delivered brief remarks with a(n) _32_ tone.The nearly 700-page book, _33_ on June 10, was “written for anybody who wants to think about, and learn about, what is happening in the world todaywhy American matters, and why the wo
12、rld matters to America，”said the former first lady and New York senator. “And we have a lot of hard choices ahead of us in our country to make it as brave and as strong as it should be. And we have a lot of hard choices to continue to lead the world and solve problems that affect us and the rest of
13、_34_ ”.In the book, Clinton frames the foreign policy situations _35_ during her tenure（the period of time when someone has an important job）as a series of hard choices, especially those _36_the middle east, Afghanistan , Pakistan and Russia, while recounting some _37_ within the Obama administratio
14、n. She also delves into some personal aspects of her life, including her daughter Chelsea Clintons wedding, and offers glimpse of personal interactions with citizens of other countries during her _38_as secretary.The book tour was _39_ to take Clinton to Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, Toronto an
15、d Austin. Her fast pace and intense media attention resembled a hybrid of celebrity book tour and campaign kickoff.During a(n) _40_with some 1,000 students at a recent event at Arizona state university, for instance, she hinted that she was considering running for presidency in 2016 because she was
16、“very much concerned” about the direction that the U.S. was going.CFEHJ DKAGBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The famous A
17、merican inventor Thomas Alva Edison once claimed that genius was one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration(汗水). Now, it seems, there is scientific evidence to _41_ his claim. The idea that geniuses such as Shakespeare, Mozart, and Picasso possessed certain inborn talents is a fals
18、e belief, according to a study by a British psychologist and his colleagues.After examining outstanding performance in the arts and sports, these researchers concluded that _42_ is determined by opportunity, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence, and most important of all _43_. Even p
19、eople who were not thought to be 44_ with any special talent could, after having received training, reach levels _45_ considered attainable (可获得的) only by gifted individuals. Talent is a false belief, and it is time that people got rid of it,” they said.This theory a dramatic _46_ with traditional b
20、eliefs has been _47_ by academics worldwide. In fact, studies of accomplished artists and mathematicians, and top tennis players and swimmers, have reported few early signs of _48_ in these people before any parental encouragement. No case has been found of anyone reaching the highest levels of achi
21、evement without _49_ himself or herself to thousands of hours of serious training. Even those who are believed to be exceptionally talented whether in music, mathematics, chess, or sports have needed lengthy periods of instruction and practice to achieve their highest level of success. The persisten
22、t false belief that some people reach high levels of performance without spending numerous hours practising _50_ much to the fact that their practice is usually outside the casual observers view, stated one scientist.The importance of practice has been noticed in athletics. For instance, differences
23、 in the composition of certain muscles were once thought to be _51_ predictors of athletic performance. However, the differences in the proportion of certain muscle fibers(组织) that are _52_ for success in long-distance running are largely the result of extended practice in running.What makes a geniu
24、s then? one may ask. _53_, there is no clear answer. What is known, however, is that nurture is at least as important as nature. _54_, a supportive environment will do far more for a childs prospects of success than any inborn gifts. This is a message that most of us will find _55_ even if we havent
25、 won the gene lottery, our fate is still in our own hands.41. A. makeB. challengeC. supportD. dismiss42. A. excellenceB. harmonyC. negotiation D. response43.A. education B. practiceC. fortuneD. character44.A. satisfied B. concernedC. decorated D. gifted45. A. preciouslyB. practicallyC. previouslyD.
26、primarily46. A. breakB. association C. partnership D. relief47. A. doubtedB. concludedC. mentionedD. applauded48. A. accomplishmentB. treasureC. diligenceD. inspiration49. A. adapting B. attachingC. linkingD. devoting 50. A. carriesB. leavesC. owesD. connects 51. A. creativeB. reliable C. natural D.
27、 active52. A. essentialB. suitableC. possibleD. feasible53. A. UnlikelyB. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately54. A. To sum up B. In other words C. For example D. In addition55. A. misleading B. puzzlingC. comfortingD. amusingCABDC ADADC BADBC Section BDirections: Read the following four passages
28、.Each passage is followed by severed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Which tablet computer should YOU be buying: They are this years m
29、ust have. and theres a style to suit everyone?Best for young childrenLeapPad Explorer 2, 68Aimed at children between three and nine (though a nine-year-old might find it a little simple), it comes in pink or blue and with five built-in education games (you can buy more). Besides, the LeapPad does no
30、t allow access to the internet so it is impossible for your child to stumble across anything inappropriate.Pros: The education games are well-designed, the built-in video camera is a fun way to play at being a film director.Cons: Some of the games are shockingly expensive. And the power adaptor is n
31、ot included.Best for teenagersiPad 4th generation, 399-659The iPad is still the market leader, and for good reason. If the teenager in your house enjoys playing computer games, the latest offering from Apple is the one to choose.Pros: No other tablet can compete with the near one million apps (the n
32、ame Apple created for specially-designed downloadable programs) available for the iPad.Simple to use, even for those who usually struggle with technology.Cons: Considerably more expensive than most competitors.Best forworking parentsMicrosoft Surface, 399-559Tablets are brilliant for leisure but wha
33、t if you want to do a bit of work? No tablet can yet compete with a full-size laptop computer, but this is the only tablet that allows you to use Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint (they are all pre-installed and included in the price) and you can buy a pretty lovely mini- keyboard for typing lett
34、ers and emails, which also doubles up as the cover.Pros: The Surface is good for watching movies a bonus when stuck in the airport on a business trip and surfing the internet.Con: The keyboard is an expensive add-on - costing up to 109. It might be cheaper to buy a laptop (though a tablet is much sm
35、aller and lighter).Best for bookwormsAmazon Kindle Paperwhite, 109Nearly all tablets let you download books. Its a great way to take a mountainous pile of hardbacks on holiday without stuffing your suitcase.But most tablets have a shiny screen which can be very distracting when youre trying to read.
36、 The Paperwhite is different: its matt screen and crisp black lettering imitate the look of words on paper brilliantly.And yet you can still read the words in the dark.Pros: Easy on the eye, excellent battery life, 180,000 free books (if you subscribe to the Amazon Prime customer loyalty service) pl
37、us hundreds of thousands more to buy.Cons: No TV, films, games, internet or camera.1.The underlined phrase stumble across most probably means _.A. meet with B. quarrel with C. compare with D. compete with2. Which of the following about Surface is NOT TRUE?A. The keyboard will add to the cost.B. The
38、keyboard can serve as a cover.C. You have to pay extra to install Microsoft Word.D. You can watch movies or surf the Internet with it.3. If you are a game lover, which tablet is least likely to be your choice?A. LeapPad Explorer 2. B. iPad 4th generation. C. Microsoft Surface. D. Amazon Kindle Paper
39、white.Keys： ACD (B) Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them. First, employers can monitor employees
40、who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for troublesome employees opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she anonymously wrote a
41、bout the characteristics of her job and coworkers. The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on potential employees. A New York Times article reported that many companies recruiting (招募) on college campuses use search engines and social networkin
42、g websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks. Although the use of MySpace or Google to investigate a students background is somewhat upsetting to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook
43、 is limited to current students and recent alumni.| Company employers are not the only people interested in college students lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internetespecially Facebookfor student misconduct. For example, a colle
44、ge in Bostons Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appear
45、ed on Facebook. Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you appr
46、ove. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its
47、way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.59.The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. explain the growth of the digital world through from the as
48、pect of privacy B. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself C. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacy D. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information60.The author implies that users should take all of the followi
49、ng actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT_. A. know to whom you make your online information available B. avoid uploading information that would be damaging if it were discovered C. carefully select and limit who can view your electronic profile D. speak with employers to inform them of any
50、misinformation published about you61.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the last paragraph and the other paragraphs? A. It offers detailed examples to support previous points of view. B. It summarizes the points of view in the previous paragraphs. C. It provides suggestio
51、ns to solve the previously mentioned problems. D. It offers evidence to make the previous points of view clearer.62.According to the passage, which of following does the writer imply? A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permissible in court. B. It is impossible to protect yourse
52、lf from unintended uses of information online. C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it. D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself causes no risk. Keys: BDCA (C) Discoveries in science and technology are thought by untaught minds to come
53、in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inv
54、entions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the and so i
55、t goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstra
56、ctions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities. Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovatio
57、ns like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : How come nobody thought of that before? The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from
58、 A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individ
59、uals really do march to a different drummer. 63.What does the author probably mean by untaught mind in the first paragraph? A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident. B. A person who has had no education. C.A citizen of a society that retires personal creativity. D.A person igno
60、rant of the hard work involved in experimentation. 64.According to the author , what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators? A. The way they present their findings. B. The way they deal with problems. C. The intelligence they process. D. The variety of ideas they have. 65. The phrase march to
61、a different drummer (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are_. A.unwilling to follow common ways of doing things B.diligent in pursuing their goals C.concerned about the advance of society D.devoted to the progress of science66. The most suitable title for this pa
62、ssage might be_. A.The Relation Between Creation and Diligence B. To be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity C.What Are So Special about Creative Individuals D.Discoveries and InnovationKeys: DBAC(D)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sent
63、ence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.US Signs Global Tobacco TreatyThe United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Se
64、rvices Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. _(68) The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. _(69) For instance, cig
65、arettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. _(70) It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. _(
66、71) The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO est
67、imates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.A. Tobacco stocks also perked up as investors discounted fears of litigation（诉讼）from the US.B. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.C. The impact of the treaty could be huge. D. Countries that ratify it would be re
68、quired to enact strict tobacco control policies.E. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. F. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.FDECTranslat
69、ionDirections: Translation the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 成功带给你的不单单是喜悦，更重要的是经验。（bring）73. 红色交通信号灯表示停下，而绿灯表示通过。（mean）74. 当你聚精会神地读一本好书时，不会注意到时间的流逝。（absorb）75. 无论遇到多大困难，我们都会同舟共济，共同面对斗争，迎接挑战。（Whatever）72. Successbringsnotonlyhappinessbutalsoexperiencetoyo
70、u.73. Aredtrafficlightmeansstopwhileagreenlight(one)meansgo.74. Timepassesquicklywhenyouareabsorbedinreadingagoodbook.75. Whatevergreatdifficultieswemeet,wewillhelpeachotherthroughthestrugglesandchallenges.Summary WritingDirections: Summarize the main idea of the following passage in no more than 60
71、 words. During the Renaissance,new ideas and values grraduaiiy replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.They tried to paint pe
72、ople their own paintings ,so they could decorate their supers of themselves ,their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodrawthingsinperspective.ThistechniquewasfirstusedbyMasaccioin1428.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaint
73、ings,theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.Bycoincidence,oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime,whichmadethecolorsusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 智能手机通常被认为是对学习的干扰，但现在很多学生把它作为学习的工具。请结合你自身或身边同学利用手机进行学习或阅读的经历，谈谈你对这种新的学习方式的看法。
