1、2011 年英语高考考前知识清理分类词汇：1.People1.baby 婴儿2.being 物；生物；人3.child(复 children)n.孩子，儿童4.citizen 公民,居民,市民5.civil 国内,平民(非军人)的；民用panion 同伴,同事rade n.同志8.crowd n.人群 vt.拥挤，群聚9.enemy n.敌人；敌军10.fellow n.同伴；伙伴11.friend frend n.朋友12.generation n.代,一代13.guest n.客人，宾客14.human a.&n.人，人类15.human being 人16.man (单数，无冠词)n.人
2、,人类（包括男女）17.neighbour(-bor)n.邻居,邻人18.partner n.搭档,股东,舞伴19.people n.人，人们；人民20.person n.人,身体,容貌,21.population n.人口22.public a.公共的,公众 n.公众23.race reis n.种族，民族24.teenager(13-19)青少年25.adult26.kid2.Sex1.boy n.男孩2.female a.女性的；雌性的3.girl n.女孩4.gentleman n.绅士，先生5.lady n.女士，夫人6.sex seks n.性，性别,7.madam/madame
3、夫人,女士8.male meil a.男的,雄的,男9.man (men)n.男人，成年男子10.Mr.(mister)n.先生,阁下11.Mrs.(mistress)夫人,太太12.Ms.miz n.女士,小姐13.sir n.先生；阁下14.woman n.妇女,女人,女仆3.Body1.arm n.臂,支架2.back 向后 a.后面的 n.背3.bath n.洗澡；浴室；澡盆4.beard n.（下巴处的）胡须5.body n.身体6.body building n.健美7.bone n.骨头，骨质8.blood n.血，血液9.brain brein n.脑（子）10.cheek n
4、.面颊，脸蛋11.chest n.箱子；盒子；胸部12.ear n.耳朵,耳状物；听力,13.eye ai n.眼睛14.face feis n.脸 vt.面向；15.facial a.面部用的16.finger n.手指17.fingernail n.指甲18.flesh n.肉19.fist fist n.拳(头)20.foot fut(复 feet)足，脚；英尺21.hand n.手；指针 v.递；给,22.handful n.（一）把；少数,少量23.hair n.头发24.head hed n.头,标题 a.头部25.heart n.心,心脏,精神,26.knee ni:n.膝盖27
5、.leg leg n.腿；腿脚；支柱28.lip lip n.嘴唇,唇缘29.lung n.肺；肺脏,呼吸器30.moustache n.小胡子（嘴唇上方）31.mouth n.嘴，口32.mouthful n.满口，一口33.neck nek n.颈，脖子34.nose n.鼻,v.侦察出35.pulse n.脉搏，脉动，搏动36.shoulder n.肩膀；侧翼37.stomach n.胃，胃部38.temperature n.温度39.tongue n.舌头,语言,口40.tooth(teeth)n.牙齿41.throat n.喉咙,嗓音,窄路42.waist weist n.腰，腰部，
6、2重点词汇look link-v look+adj.(过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来，look about 四周打量look about for四处寻找look ahead 预测未来look as if看起来好像look well 看起来不错look at 看，望，看待look after 照看，照管，照顾，负责处理look back on 回顾，回想look down upon(on)看不起，蔑视 look for 找寻，自找（麻烦），look forward to 盼望，希望；预计会有 look in 作短时间的访晤（参观），look in on 拜望，顺便来看望look into 调
7、查，了解，研究look on 旁观，在旁边看look on as 把看作 look out 查找，找出；当心，注意look out for 当心，提防；找寻，注意；look over 翻阅，审读；复习look round 审视，到处看看；回头望look through 翻阅，查看；读一遍look to 照顾，注意，负责 look up 查出，了解；看望，拜访 look up and down 上下打量1._this book and tell me what you think of it.A.Look through B.Look on C.Look into D.Look up 2._!T
8、here is a train coming.A.Look out B.Look around C.Look forward D.Look on 3.She _her number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A.looked up B.looked for C.picked out D.picked up 句型复习：1.would(should)you like to do sth.should love to do sth.feel like doing sth.would like to do sth.
9、would like sb.to do sth.2.such a clever man that so clever a man that such a clever man as such interesting books that such rapid progress that so many(few)people that so much(little)money that so clever(fast)thatdiligent(fast)enough to do sth.so lazy(slowly)that he cannot too lazy(slowly)to do sth.
10、通知：May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make.The Students Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening,August 15th,to welcome our friends from the United States.The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building.It will begin at 7:30 p.m.There will be music,da
11、ncing,singing,games and exchange of gifts.Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose?Remember to wrap it up,sign your name and write a few words of good wishes(祝愿).Dont forget:7:30 Saturday evening,roof garden,Main Building.Theres definitely a lot of fun.Everybody is welcome.Tha
12、ts all.Thanks for listening!语法复习：主谓语一致）主语是一个抽象概念（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语），谓语动词用单数。）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with,together with,as well as,no less than,rather than,like,but,besides,except,as much as,including,along with.等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。）each,some,any,no,every 构成的复合代词；one of+复数名词,many a ,more than one(a)等所修饰的词作主语，它
13、们的谓语都用单数。）people,police,cattle等词作主语通常用复数。）majority ,population,class,family,group,team,crowd,audience,army,government,company,enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指其中一个一个成员，看作复数。）表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数，谓语动词用单数。3）or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not.but.,not only.but also.等连接两个主语时，谓语动词用就近一致原则。）以 there,here,su
14、ch 引起的句子，而主语又不只一个，谓语动词用就近一致原则。）以 what 引起的主语从句，all,most,half,the rest,the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。）关系词 who,that,which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但one of +复数名词+that 从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而 the(only)one of +复数名词+that 从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。）当 the 与原级形容词连用，表示一类人时；或某些以-s(es)结尾的人名，指一家人、夫妻俩或同名同姓的若干人时，谓语动词用复数。）一
15、些只有复数形式的词作主语时(clothes,trousers,shoes,.)，谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有 a pair of 修饰时，则用单数。）分数或百分数名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词则依据短语后面的名词的数来决定。）代词 none,neither 作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。）在四则运算中，谓语动词用单、复数均可。16)a great deal of(a large amount of,a large quantity of,a lot of )+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。）a number of,(a large quantity of,a lot of)+可数名词
16、的复数，谓语动词用复数。但 the number of+主语，其谓语动词用单数。）主语中有连词 and 时，要注意：（）and 连接的几个不同事物，谓语动词用复数。（）and 连接的不同事物，如果它们前面都有定冠词或物主代词修饰，表示不同的对象，谓语动词用复数；如果定冠词只出现在第一个成分之前，则指的是同一个事物，谓语动词用单数。（）通常用两个部件配成的物品，或并列的主语指一种东西或事物、概念时，谓语动词用单数。（）在 each.and each.,each.and.,every.and.,every.and evry.,no.and no.后面的谓语动词用单数形式。（）one and a h
17、alf 后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。4高考前知识清理（2）Time1.month n.月，月份2.January n.1 月3.February n.2 月4.March n.3 月5.April.4 月6.May5 月7.June n.6 月8.July n.7 月9.August 8 月10.September n.9 月11.October.10 月12.November n.11 月13.December n.12 月14.week 星期，周15.Sunday n.星期日16.Monday 星期一17.Tuesday 星期二18.Wednesday n.星期三19.Thur
18、sday n.星期四20.Friday 星期五21.Saturday 星期六22.fortnight 十四日,两星期23.season.季；季节24.spring.春天,春季25.summer 夏天，夏季26.autumn 秋天，秋季27.winter 冬天,冬季,萧条期28.dawn n.黎明，拂晓29.morning 早晨，上午30.evening 傍晚，晚上31.midday中午,正午32.noon 中午，正午33.day 天，日；白天34.night.夜；夜间35.tonight 今晚，今夜36.today.今天,现在,当前37.now 现在,目前,此刻38.yesterday.昨天3
19、9.tomorrow 明天,未来40.everyday.每日的,日常的41.time 时间次数vt.计时,定时42.year n.年,年龄,年岁43.century n.世纪，百年44.daily 每日的 每天 n.日报45.date 日期；约会,枣46.former 以前的,前者47.future 将来48.hour 小时,钟头,课时49.minute 分钟,一会儿,瞬间50.modern 现代的,时髦的51.once 一次,从前 conj.一旦52.past过 n.过去，走过某处53.period 时期,时代,学时54.second 秒,次货,二等品55.stage n.舞台；阶段56.a
20、ge 年龄；时代Colour1.black 黑色 a.黑色的2.blue blu:n.蓝色 a.蓝色的3.bright 明亮的；聪明的4.brown 褐色，棕色,褐色的5.colour(color)n.颜色 vt.涂色6.dark 黑暗，日暮暗淡的；深色的7.darkness 黑暗，阴暗8.flame fleim n.火焰，光辉9.flaming a.火红的；火焰般的10.green 绿色的,青的 n.绿色11.greengrocer(英)蔬菜水果商12.grey/gray 灰色的；灰白的13.light 明亮的,轻的,浅色14.pale.苍白的，灰白的15.pink 粉红色的,石竹花16.r
21、ed 红色a.红色的17.shine 发光,照耀,杰出,擦亮18.white 白色的 n.白色19.yellow 黄色的5重点词汇：come come to a conclusion 做出结论 come about 发生、产生，造成 come across（偶然）遇到，找到，想到 come to an end 结束 come alone vi.跟上去；快点；进行 come back 回想起 come down vi.下降 come down from 从传下来 come from 来自，是（某地的）人 come into being(existence)开始存在，建立，产生 come into
22、 effect(force)开始生效 come near(close)to doing sth.差一点就 come to+数词 共计、达到 come true 变为现实，实现 come off 从离开，脱落 come on(upon)=come across come out vi.出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，发芽 come of 出生于家庭/由造成的，是的结果 come up 抬头/上来/上升,走过来/到来；提及，被提出长出来come up with 产生，发现（解决办法、答案等）come along 一起来 come by 努力获得 come to+名词 来到（某地）come to+名词
23、 谈到，涉及到 come to 恢复知觉；苏醒过来 come to do/like/understand/realize/see/know sth：“逐渐”句型复习1.How long have you been here?How soon will you be back?How often do you see him?2.What is the weight(distance,number,population,price)of?3.How will you deal with?What will you do with?4.You are(have,can,will),so am(ha
24、ve,can,shall)I.You arent(havent,cant,wont),neither(nor)am(have,can,shall)I.You are not,I am not either.So it is with (It is the same with)He is a student.So he is.6.Child as he is,Much as I like it,Try as you may(will),语法复习：情态动词【表示能力】can to able to 这两个都可以表示能力。can 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。而 be able to则表示某人通过努力
25、、克服困难做成某事。另外 be able to 还可以用于各种时态；can 只能用于现在或过去(could)。【表示许可】can (could)may (might)可以表示许可。用它们的过去式，则语气更加委婉、客气。can 主要用于第一、二人称。may 主要用于第一人称。注意：用 May I征求对方的许可比较正式，语气比较客气；而用 Can I.常用于口语中。【表示必须】must have to ought to should 都可以表示必须、应该、必要。但它们用法各异。must表示要做什么的愿望是发自内心的主动的；have to指要做某事是被动的受某种压力而为的；ought to表示应该、
26、理应做什么；should表示应该多含有责备之一。【表示虚拟】should 用在表示请求、建议、命令等次后面的从句中，should 可以省略。也可以用在 if引导的条件状语从句中表示与将来事实可能相反。would 用在含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的主句中。也可以用其它情态动词。【其它情态动词的用法】need 作为情态动词表示“需要、必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句。在肯定句中一般用 must,have to,ought to 或 should 代替。dare 作为情态动词主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句中。I dare say 是一个固定搭配。表示“我猜测，可能、或许”后面
27、一般跟从句。shall 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见(说话人做某事)。用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。6用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。will 一般用于第二人称表示请求、建议对方做某事；用 would 语气就更加委婉。也可以表示意愿、愿望和决心。had better“最好做什么”would rather“宁愿做什么”情态动词表示“推测”的用法情态动词表示“推测”时，要记住“三种推测两种形式”。三种推测：对过去发生动作或状态的推测；对现在状态的推测；对将来发生动作或状态的推测 两种形式：用情态动词加完成事态表示对过去发生动作或
28、状态的推测；用情态动词加动词原型表示对现在或将来发生动作或状态的推测must have done表示过去一定做了什么，语气十分肯定cant have done 表示过去不可能过了什么，语气也比较肯定(是上面的否定形式)neednt have done表示过去没有必要做什么但已经做了。should have done过去该做什么但没有做。(含有责备的意思)。shouldnt have done表示过去不该做什么但做了。(含有责备的意思)would have done表示过去会做什么，而没有做。ought to have done表示过去该做什么而没有做。(是职责和义务)must do sth./
29、must be doing sth.表示现在或将来一定在做什么。will be表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称，是对目前情况的推测。7高考前知识清理（3）Animal1.animal n.动物2.ant n.蚂蚁3.batn.蝙蝠4.bear n.熊5.beast bi:st n.野兽；牲畜6.bee.蜜蜂7.beef bi:f n.牛肉8.bird n.鸟,禽类9.bull bul n.公牛10.buttrfly11.cameln.骆驼12.cat n.猫13.cattle n.牛（总称），家畜14.chicken n.鸡；鸡肉15.cock n.公鸡,头目 v.翘起16.cow母牛，奶牛17
30、.deer n.（单复数相同）鹿18.dog n.狗19.duck n.鸭子20.egg n.蛋；卵21.elephant n.象22.fish 鱼；鱼肉 vi.钓鱼；捕鱼23.fox n.狐狸24.frog n.青蛙25.fly flai n.飞行；苍蝇26.goat n.山羊27.goose(复 geese)n.鹅28.hawk n.鹰,鹰派成员29.hen hen n.母鸡30.horse n.马 vi.骑马31.kangaroo n.大袋鼠32.lamb n.羔羊33.lion n.狮子34.meat（猪、牛、羊等的）肉35.monkey n.猴子36.mouse(mice)n.鼠,耗
31、子,鼠标37.mutton n.羊肉38.nest 巢；窝39.ox(复 oxen)n.牛；公牛40.panda n.熊猫41.parrot n.鹦鹉 vt.学舌42.pest.害虫43.pet 宠物，爱畜,宠爱44.pig n.猪,猪肉,贪婪的人45.pork n.猪肉46.rabbit.兔，家兔47.rat大老鼠48.seal 海豹 n.&v.封铅,封条,印49.sheep 羊,绵羊,羞答答的人50.skin 皮，皮肤；兽皮51.snake蛇 v.蛇般爬行52.sparrow n.麻雀53.squirrel n.松鼠54.tail尾部,尾巴,后部55.tiger 老虎,虎,凶暴的人56.t
32、runk 象鼻57.whale weil,hw-n.鲸58.wing 机翼，翅膀59.wolf 狼,残忍贪婪之人60.worm 软体虫，蠕虫Plant 1.bamboo n.竹2.branch 树枝,分店,支部3.bush 灌木丛，矮树丛4.flower 花5.forest n.森林6.grass 草；草场；牧草7.hay 作饲料用的干草8.leaf(复 leaves)（树，菜）叶9.pine 松树,树木 v.消瘦,憔悴10.plant 植物11.root 根，根源，起源12.rose n.玫瑰花,玫瑰红13.seed si:d n.种子14.shade 阴凉处,树荫处,黑暗15.shadow
33、.影子,阴影,庇护16.tree 树,木料,树状物17.trunk 干线,树干,躯干,箱子18.weed.杂草，野草19.wood 木头,木材,树木20.wooden a.木制的8重点词汇 take take a look at 看一看 take a nap 小睡 take a taxi 打的 take a job 接受(工作)take a bet 打赌 take a chance 碰碰运气，冒风险 take a risk 冒风险 take a seat 坐下 take an interest in 对有兴趣 take a photograph(of)照一张相 be taken up with
34、 忙于（某事）；喜欢 take after 长得像，性格等像 take aim 瞄准 take along 随身携带 take as 看作，认为 take away 拿走；减去；take back 收回（诺言，话语等）；送还；退（货）take back to 使回想起 take cold 感冒，伤风 take ill(sick)突然生病 take control of 控制住，管住 takefor(to be)sth.（错）当作，以为是 take for example 以为例 take hold of 抓住；吸引住 take down 拿下来，取下来；记下来 take effect 开始起作
35、用；生效 take delight(pleasure)in sth.喜欢（做）某事 take delight(pleasure)in doing sth.take care 当心 take care to do sth.take care that take care of 照料，料理，当心，注意；处理，对付 take charge(of)负责（处理某事或照料某人）；接管 take sth.拿，取，带；吃，喝；占领，赢得；takefor granted 想当然认为（会是某种情况）；认为是理所当然 take it for granted that 句型 1.do nothing but do s
36、th.could not choose but do sth.There is nothing to do but do sth.Sb.has nothing to do but do sth.desire(care for)nothing but to do sth.have no choice but to do sth.3.He is dead.He has died.He has been dead for three years.4.He left home two weeks ago.It is two weeks since he left home.He has been aw
37、ay from home for two weeks.5.Do you mind if I smoke here?Do you mind my(me)smoking here?Would you mind if I smoked here?6.After she had worked for four hours,she stopped to have a rest.=Having worked for four hours,she stopped to have a rest.We caught sight of a wolf while we ere climbing the mounta
38、in.=While climbing the mountain,we caught sight of a wolf.范文背诵（议论文）Smoking and HealthEveryone knows smoking is bad for health.People who smoke too much may not live as long as non-smoking.Millions of people die form smoking each year.Smoking causes many illnesses.Those who often smoke have bad teeth
39、.A lot of people always cough because of smoking.One of the most serious illnesses caused by smoking is lung cancer Many people suffer form this terrible disease and lose their lives.Smoking is not only bad for smokers,but also bad for non-smokers,especially women and children.Their health may suffe
40、r because of cigarettes.Smoking is definitely bad for health.I hope that all smokers can give up smoking,both for themselves and also for the people around them.Lets enjoy clean air together!语法复习：倒装91、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。例：Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1）句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部
41、分倒装。(not,not only,never,little,seldom,hardly.)2）hardly(scarcely),no sooner 引导的部分在句首要部分倒装。3）not only .but also .引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。4）only 在句首引导状语，或 Not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。5）if 从句中如有 were(had,should),if 省去后，要部分倒装。6）as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装表语、状语倒装）。7)状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装8)so that 结构中，如果 so 在句首，主
42、句要部分倒装。注意，so 必须和它修饰的形容词或副词一道移至句首。2、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1）由 here,there,now,then.引导的句子，要完全倒装。2）句首是拟声词、直接引语或 away,down,out,in,up 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（但主语如是代词则不倒装）3）介词短语作地点状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。4)当形容词、过去分词、介词短语做表语位于句首时，要完全倒装。Present at the meeting wer
43、e Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.5）So do(am)I.或 Nor(Neither)do(am)I.是完全倒装，其主句与前一句的主语各是一人。10高考知识清理（4）Nature1.bank n.（河、海、湖）岸，堤2.bay 湾；海湾3.beac
44、h n.海滨，海滩4.canal n.运河；水道5.cave.洞，穴；地窖6.channel n.频道；通道；水渠7.coast n.海岸；海滨8.desert n.沙漠9.disaster n.灾难；祸患10.fire n.火/灾 vi.开火,解雇11.fireplace n.壁炉12.firewood n.木柴13.fireworks n.焰火14.flood n.洪水 vt.淹没，使泛滥15.fountain n.喷泉16.freeze 结冰17.freezing a.冻结的；极冷的18.hill 小山；丘陵；土堆19.hole n.洞，坑20.hurricane n.飓风,狂风21.i
45、ce 冰冻,冰冻食22.lake 湖23.moon 月球,月亮,卫星24.mountain(s)n.山，山脉25.mountainous a.多山的26.mud n.泥,泥浆27.nature n.自然,性质，种类28.natural a.自然的,天生的29.ocean n.海洋,许多,广阔30.Oceania n.大洋洲31.orbit 轨道,生活常规,眼眶32.plain 家常,普通 n.平原,草原33.planet n.行星34.pool 水塘，水池,撞球,联营35.prairie n.大草原,牧场36.river n.江；河；水道；巨流37.rock n.&v.岩石,暗礁,石头38.s
46、and n.沙,沙子,沙滩,沙地39.sea 海洋,大浪,大量,许多40.seashell n.海贝41.seaside n.&a.海滨,海边42.shore n.滨，岸43.spring n.泉水,泉44.star n.星,恒星,明星,名角45.steam sti:m n.&v.汽，水蒸气46.stone n.石头，石料47.strait streit n.海峡48.stream stri:m n.小河；溪流49.sun n.太阳，阳光50.sunburnt a.晒黑的51.sunglasses n.太阳眼镜，墨镜52.sunlight n.日光,阳光,日照53.sunny 晴朗的；阳光充足
47、的54.sunrise n.日出，拂晓55.sunset n.日落,晚年56.sunshine n.阳光57.valley n.山谷,溪谷58.water n.水,雨水,海水 v.浇水59.wave 波浪,示意 v.挥手挥动60.well n.井Universe1.abroad ad.到（在）国外2.air n.空气；大气3.earth n.地球；土，泥；大地4.earthquake n.地震5.field 田地；牧场；场地6.foreign a.外国的7.foreigner n.外国人8.globe n.地球仪；地球9.ground n.地面,土地,战场10.heaven n.天，天空,天堂
48、11.international a 国际的12.land n.陆地；土地v.登岸（陆）；降落13.room ru:mn.空间,地方,余地14.sky skai n.天；天空15.skyscraper n.摩天楼16.soil 土壤，土地,国土,温床17.space 空间,间隔,空地18.spaceship n.宇宙飞船19.universe n.宇宙,世界20.world n.世界,世事,世故,社会world-famous a.世界闻名的worldwide a.遍及全球的putput sth.放，搁put sth.+介词短语 使处于某种状态 put sb.to do sth.使做put as
49、ide 放下，放在一边 put away 收起来put back 放回原处；推迟 put down 放下，写下；镇压，取缔put.in prison 把投进监狱put off put off+n.put off+doing sth.推迟，延期11 put on 穿上，戴上，上演，表演，装出put on weight 发福、增加体重put out 扑灭使熄灭；出版；广播put though 接通电话 put sb.to the trouble of 麻烦某人（做）put up with 忍受，容忍句型复习：1.It is+被强调部分+that.将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于 that 之后
50、被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子2.It is not until+被强调部分+that.句型 2 主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not.until.的强调形式3.It is clear(obvious,true,possible,certain.)that.常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）.4.It is important(necessary,right,strange,natural.)that.5.It is said(reported,learned.)that.
51、该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）6.It is suggested(ordered.)that.句型 6 中的过去分词应该是表示请求，建议，命令等词，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 可以省常译为据建议；有命令）7.It is a pity(a shame.)that.从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should 以省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气8.It is time(about time,high time)that.that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 用过去时态表示虚拟 should+动词原形，s
52、hould 不能省常译为是（正是）的时侯9.It is the first(second.)time that.句型要和句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定，如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次 范文背诵：议论说明文 On the Internet The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
53、On the net,we can learn news both at home and abroad and all kinds of other information as well.We can also send messages by E-mail,make phone calls,go to net school,read various kinds of books and learn foreign languages by ourselves.Besides,we can enjoy music,watch sports matches and play chess or
54、 cards.On the net,we can even do shopping,have a chat with others and make friends with them.In a word,the Internet has made our life more colorful.语法复习：冠词 1.不用冠词的情况A.学科名词前不加冠词B.体育或动名词前不加冠词.C.形容词的最高级不含比较意义,而只表示非常时,不加the.D.形容词的最高级只用于本身不同情况的比较而不是与其它事物的比较时,不加the.E.广场,公园,街道,建筑物以及重要的机构或处所的名词前不加the.F.季节,月
55、份,星期,节日,假日,一日三餐的名词前不加the.G.普通名词+as 引起的让步状语从句中,名词前不加冠词.H.在独立主格结构中不加冠词.例如:gun in handI.turn(go)作为变成讲时,后面所跟的名词前不加冠词.2.rather,quite 后面的冠词问题rather a difficult job=a rather difficult jobEnglish is quite a useful tool.=English is a quite useful tool.123.词组中的冠词go to school go to the schoolat school at the s
56、choolgo to prisongo to the prisontake advice(征询他人意见)take the advice(听人劝告)take placetake the placego to towngo to the countrysidein townin the cityout of question(毫无问题)out of the question(完全不可能)13高考知识清理（5）Country1.continent 大陆,大洲,陆地2.country n.国家,农村,乡下3.nation n.民族，国家4.national a.国家的,民族的5.nationality
57、 n.国籍6.republic n.&a 共和国,共和7.state 国家,州，政府8.Africa n.非洲9.African a.非洲(人)的,非洲人10.America n.美国；美洲11.American 美国(人)的,美国人12.Antarctic a.南极的13.Antarctican.南极洲14.Arab a.阿拉伯的阿拉伯人15.the Arctic 北极16.Asian.亚洲17.Asian a.亚洲(人)的 n.亚洲人18.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋19.Australian.澳洲,澳大利亚20.Australian n.澳大利亚人21.Britain n
58、.英国；不列颠22.British 大不列颠的;英国(人)的23.the British n.大不列颠人24.Canada n.加拿大25.Canadian a.加拿大(人)的26.China n.中国,瓷器27.Chinese a.中国(人)的；汉语的28.England n.英格兰29.English a.英国的/人的,英语30.English-speaking a.说英语的31.Europe n.欧洲32.European 欧洲人33.France n.法国34.French 法语 a 法国的/人的35.Frenchman(-men)法国人（男）36.German a.德国(人)德语的3
59、7.Germany n.德国38.Greece n.希腊39.Greek 希腊,希腊语40.Iceland n.冰岛41.Ireland n.爱尔兰42.Italian a.意大利(人)/语的43.Italy n.意大利44.Japan n.日本45.Japanese n.日本人,日语46.London n.伦敦47.Mexican a.墨西哥的/人48.Mexico n.墨西哥49.New York n.纽约50.New Zealand 新西兰51.Ottawa n.渥太华52.the Pacific Oceann.太平洋53.Paris n.巴黎54.Russia n.俄罗斯，俄国55.R
60、ussian a.俄国人（的）,俄语56.Scotland n.苏格兰57.Spain 西班牙58.Spanish n.西班牙语59.Swiss 瑞士人的 n.瑞士人60.Switzerland n.瑞士Street1.address n.地址2.area n.面积,地方,范围,领域3.avenue n.大道4.block vt.阻塞；阻挡5.n.大块；块；街区；路障6.city n.市，城市，都市7.district n.区,地区,区域8.passage n.通过,经过,通道9.pass传，递；经过.通行证10.passenger n.乘客，旅客11.passer-by n.过客，过路人12
61、.path n.小道，小径13.place 地方 v.放置安置，职位,14.position n.位置,职位,立场15.province n.省16.rail 铁轨,横杆,围栏,扶手17.railway铁路；铁道18.regionn 区域,地方,领域19.road n.路，道路20.route路；路线；航线21.spot n.斑点,地点 v.沾污，弄脏22.street街，街道23.town 城镇，城24.village n.村庄，乡村25.villager n.村民26.way 路,路线,方式,手段27.zone n.区域；范围词汇：do do a good deed 做件好事 do awa
62、y with 废除，破除，取消，消除，干掉 do well 做得对，做得好 do with 处理，安排，多和 what 连用）do with 想要，需要（多和 can 连用）do with 受不了，不能（多和 cant 连用）do good 做好事 do wrong 做坏事、犯罪 do about sth.对想某种办法或采取某种行为 do up 收拾，整理，打扮；包，扎，系 do sb.a favour(kindness)帮一个忙 do sb.the favour to do sth.(that)帮忙做 do wonder=work wonder 创造奇迹 do ones bit(duty)尽
63、一份力（履行职责，做份内的事）14do everything(all)one can 尽一切努力，尽力去做 do sb.good(harm)=do good(harm)to sb.对有好处（害处）do ones best=try ones best 尽最大的努力 do something(nothing,anything,little,much)to do with 与有关系 do sb.wrong=do wrong to sb.委屈，冤枉某人，做对不起某人的事 句型 10.It is.since.主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间时间状语连用的问题主句中是时间作表语，一般是现在
64、时或完成时，since 引导的从句一般是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时11.It is.when.when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当常译为当的时候，是12.It be.before.主句时态只有将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是 long,not long,3 days,2 weeks 等时间常译为之后13.It happens(seems,appears)that.14.It takes sb.to do sth.it 是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间常译为做要花费某人 15.It is no go
65、od(use)doing sth.句型号中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good,(not any good),no use,(not any use)16.It doesnt matter whether(if).常译为 不论（是否）没关系范文背诵：便条Mr Li,I have just received a letter from my home saying that my grandma is badly ill and asking me to go home at once.Because of this,I would like to have a leave
66、 of three days beginning on Oct.8.I hope that you can allow me to go.Zhang Hua Enclose:a letter from my home.I.语法复习：省略与替代一、动词不定式中的省略1在下列动词 see，watch，notice，observe，look at，make，have，let，hear，listen to，feel等后的不定式做宾补，要省略不定式符号。2在do nothing but/except do 的结构中，在介词 but 或 except 后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。3在 would rath
67、er 和 had better 后不定式符号要省略。4在几个不定式并列时，第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。5在 expect，forget，like，want，wish，try，have，need，used，ought，be able，be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中，不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。二、从句中的省略。1在 if，as if，while，when，where，although，unless，what，whether 等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。Mistakes，if any，should be corrected（=if there are an
68、y mistakes）Please come again，if possible（=if it possible for you to come）Fill in the proper articles where necessary（=where they are necessary）He wont come，unless invited(=unless he is invited)He opened his lips as if to say something（=as if he were going to say something）三、从句中的省略1 在 if 引起的从句中如有等词倒装
69、时，省略 if。Were I you,I would not do it.Had we known your telephone number,I would have given you a phone call.2We have finished our homework,so have they.(=and they have finished their homework,too)15If you dont go to the concert,neither shall I.(=I shall not go to the concert either)3宾语从句中连词 that 引起的
70、宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词 that、which，whom 等在定语从句中作宾与可以省略 that。四、介词的省略prevent sb(from)doing sth.stop sb(from)doing sth.have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.spend time/money(in)doing sth.be busy(in)doing sth.替代：1.省略与代替的作用是什么?2.so 代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句).与 so 连用的常用动词有：hope,believe,think,be afraid,expect,sur
71、prise,imagine 等3.用 not 代替 so 的情况.4.用不定式符号代替不定式.5.用 do 在句子中代替其它动词.16高考知识清理（6）.direction 1.afterwards 后来2.backward(s)向后3.eastwards.向东4.northwards 向北5.westwards 向西6.east 东方的,朝东的7.eastern 东方的；东部的8.northern 北方的,北部的9.northwest 西北10.north 北；朝北,北部11.northeast 东北（部）12.middle.中间；当中；中级的13.south 南,南方,南风14.south
72、east 东南15.southern 南部的，南方的16.southwest 西南17.west 西方,西部18.western 西方的，西部的19.westerner n.西方人20.ahead 在前，向前21.around 在周围,在附近22.border 边缘,边境,国界23.bottom 底部；底24.central 中心的，中央；主要的25.centre(美 center)中心，中央26.corner.角；角落；拐角27.direction 方向；方位28.distance 距离29.distant 远的，遥远的30.edge 边缘31.far远的；远地(farther,farthe
73、st,further,furthest)32.Forward 将来,今后,向前33.front 前面的；前部的34.frontier 前沿,边界,前线35.head（朝某方向）前进36.left 左边 ad.向左 n.左(边)37.left-handed a.惯用左手的38.right 右边 ad.正确地,恰恰,完全地39.top 顶部,顶端,极点,顶蓬40.widespread a.分布广；普遍的表示方位或时间的介词1.ago 以前2.after 在后；后来.3.before 在前/前面4.during在期间/过程中5.from prep.从；从起；来自6.next.最近，隔壁；下一次7.s
74、ince 自从,后来8.then 当时，那时；然后；那9.throughout 遍及，贯穿,始终,10.till 直到，为止11.until.直到为止12.about 大约；到处，关于；在13.above 在上面，上面的14.among 在（三个以上）之间15.aside 在旁边16.at 在(几点),在(某处)17.behind 在后面,向后(位置)18.below 在下面19.beneath 在下方(面)20.beside prep.在旁边；靠近21.between(两)之间；22.beyond(位置)在那边23.by 靠近，在旁；在时间24.close 亲密的；近，靠近25.ad.近，靠
75、近26.down 沿着,沿而下,向下27.downstairs ad.在楼下；到楼下28.downward 向下29.in 在里(内)；在以 30.into 到里,向内,变成31.near 近的 ad.附近，邻近32.prep.在附近，靠近33.on 在上（时），关于34.over 在上方,越过,遍及35.ad.翻倒；遍布；越过；结束36.out 出外；在外,向外；熄37.outdoors 在户外,在野外38.outer 外部的，外面的39.outside 外面 ad.在外面40.outward(s)向外的,外出41.side 边，旁边，面，侧面42.to 向,往,给.,比43.toward(
76、s)向，朝，对于44.under 在/向下面45.up 向上,到(较高的地方46.upper 较高的，较上的47.upstairs 在楼上,到楼上48.upward(s)向上；往上重点词汇：havehave sth.=have got sth.有；have sth.吃，喝，have a good trip 一路顺风have a talk with 与谈话have a seat 坐下have a test 参加测验 have to 不得不做had better do sth.最好（做）have a time 过得 haveabout(on)sb.身边带有 have a word(a few wo
77、rds)with 和讲（几）句话 have an effect on(upon)对有影响 have difficulty in (doing)sth.（做）有困难（麻烦）have pity on 可怜，同情have none of 不允许have on 着，带着 有事、有约会17have something to do with 有要做haveto do with 和有关系have sports 进行体育活动have sb.do sth.have sb.donehave sb.doing sth.have sb.+介词短语副词 have a talk(rest,look at,drink,wa
78、sh,fight,walk,dream,bath,dance,smoke重要句型：17.It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.不定式如果须要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词 of 而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有：bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good（好心的）,honest ,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice（有教养的）,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong（错误的）,可以改写为：sb.is kind to do sth.18.I
79、t is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.句型中的真正主语是不定式短语，不定式的逻辑主语前必须 用介词 for，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词，常见的形容词有：important,necessary,natural easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：It is important for her to come to the party.=It is import
80、ant that she(should)come to the party19.It looks(seems)as if.句型中的 as if 引导一个状语从句，常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）It looks as if he were ill.（没有生病）It seemed as if he were dying.20.We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 作形式宾语。可称该句型为“6123结构”。6 指主句中常用的动词：think,
81、believe,make,find,consider,feel；1 指的是形式宾语 it；2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。21.It is(just)like sb.to do sth.该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。Its like him to leave the work to others.他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。It isnt like him to have said anything like that.他可不是说出那种话的人。22.
82、It is up to sb.to do sth.该句型为“该由某人做。”。该句型中 up 后的 to 是介词。范文背诵（一封短信）June lst,2005 Dear Peter,Were so glad youre coming to join us on Sunday.Here is how you can find us.Well have our picnic in the Peoples Park.You know where that is,dont you?After you enter the park by the main gate,walk straight on ti
83、ll you come to a stream.Cross the stream and turn right.After walking for a while youll come to a hill.Walk around to the other side of the hill.There youll see a lake.Well have our picnic there in the small woods by the lake.Im sure youll have no trouble finding us.Do come!Li Hua语法复习：同位语从句 一、在复合句中用
84、作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 new，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility 等。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where 等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别。18 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它
85、前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。2、引导同位语从句的 that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的 that 是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。19英语高考前基础知识清理（7）Sense1.gaze v.凝视,注视2.glance vi.匆匆一看；一瞥3.glare v.瞪眼/怒目而视；闪耀4.hear v.听见；听说,得知5.hearing n.听力6.listen vi.听,听从,收听7.look 脸色 v.看,看起来8.observe v.观察,监视,观测9.stare vi.盯，
86、凝视10.see 看见，看到；领会；拜会11.sight 情景，风景；视力,视域12.sightseeing n.游览，观光13.sense n.&v 感觉，意识,认识14.sensiblea.有感觉,明智的15.sensitivea.敏感的,灵敏的16.smell n.气味 v.嗅,闻到,发气味17.smelly a.有臭味的，发臭的18.taste n.味道 vt.体验,感到19.tasteless a.无滋味的20.tasty a.好吃的,可口的21.touch 触,触觉,接触,22.view n.看法,见解；风景，23.viewer 观看者,观众,阅读器24.watch vt.观看当心
87、 n.手表Attraction1.act 法令，条例 v.表演，2.扮演，演出；行动，做事3.action n.行动4.active a.积极的，主动的5.activity n.活动6.amaze v 惊奇，惊叹；震惊7.astonish vt.使惊讶8.attract v.吸引，引起9.attractive 迷人的，有吸引力的10.busy a.忙（碌）的11.fact n.事实，现实12.free 自由的，空闲的；免费的13.freedom n.自由14.freeway n.高速公路15.fun.有趣的事,娱乐,玩笑16.funny 有趣的，滑稽可笑的17.gentle 温柔的，轻轻的18
88、.gesture n.姿势，手势19.humorous a.幽默,诙谐20.humour(humor)n.幽默21.hurry vi.赶快；急忙22.interest n.兴趣,趣味,利息23.interesting a.有趣的24.joke n.笑话25.manner n.方式,态度,举止26.noble a.高贵的，贵族的27.polite a.有礼貌的，有教养的28.rough a.&ad.粗糙的，粗暴的29.rude 无理的,粗鲁的,残暴的30.savage 野蛮人,未开化的人31.surprise n.&v.惊奇，诧异32.wild 未开发的/荒凉的/野生的33.wildlife n
89、.野生动物catch1.catch v.接住,捉住,赶,染上病2.grasp v.抓住；紧握3.hold vt.拿,抱,握住,举行,进行4.seize vt.抓住,逮住,夺取5.snatch n.&v.夺，夺得，夺走6.drive v.驾,开,驱赶7.drivers license(美)驾驶执照a)driving licence(英)8.hunt 寻找；狩猎，猎取9.hunter n.猎人10.follow vt.跟随,仿效,跟得上11.following a.接着的；以下的Push1.close vt.关，关闭2.drag v.拖；拽3.draw v.拉,拖,提取(金钱)4.drawer n
90、.抽屉5.fold vt.折叠；合拢6.open a.开着,开口 vt.打开7.pull 拉，拖 n.拉力，引力8.push 推,推动,奋发,干劲9.shutv.n.关,封闭,禁闭重点词汇：call callsb.叫(喊)某人,给某人打电话call sb.+名词/adj.说是，认为call attention to 引起对的注意call away 叫走了call back 回电话；叫回去call for 要求、号召、约请call in 招集、招来,找来；请来；收回call names 骂（人）call at(a place)访问（某地）call on 拜访、访问call out to sb.=
91、shout at sb.向某人吼（叫喊）call up 给某人打电话；叫起床call on(upon)sb.=call at sbs house 拜望，去会（某人）call on(upon)sb.to do sth.叫（请）某人作某事；号召；要求；呼吁npay(make)a call on sb.访问某人=pay a visit to sb.give sb.a call =male a calltosb.给打电话on call 随叫随到，随时可用20need 需要1.实义动词need sth.need to do sth.need doing 2.情态动词：用于否定句，疑问句（较少用于肯定句）
92、He neednt go out for such a thing.Need you buy this book?3.n.需要，必要（不可数）；需要的东西（可数）a friend in need 患难之交/in need of 需要经典句型（3）十四、It is time+S+过去式（该是.的时候了）例句：该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.十五、Those who （.的人.）例句：违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
93、Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.十六、That is the reason why （那就是.的原因）例句：夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。Summer is very hot.That is the reason why I dont like it.十七、For the past+时间，S+现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.）例句：过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。For the past two years,I have been busy preparing for the examination.1.过
94、去三年来，我一直在这所学校教英语。过去两年来，他一直在一家工厂当工人。十八、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式例句：自从他上高中以来，他一直很用功。Since he went to senior high school,he has worked very hard.1.自从我们认识以后，我们就成了好朋友。十九、due to/Owing to/Thanks to+n./v-ing,（因为.）例句：因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。Thanks to his encouragement,I finally realized my dream.环境保护/生态平衡的例句As we know,po
95、llution does great harm to human beings.With the development of agriculture and industry,more and more waste is produced.Now more and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.Laws have been passed to protect our environment.A large quantity of trees should be planted.We must make
96、 good use of water and avoid polluting it.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.Something must be done to prevent factories from polluting the air.Thus more effective measures should be taken immediately to protect wild animals.Only by this means can we stop th
97、e air from being polluted.Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.To protect ourselves,we must keep the balance of nature.We should take good care of the forest and plant more trees instead of cutting down so as to improve our living conditions.解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径问题现状怎样解决(
98、解决方案的优缺点)In recent days,we have to face I problem-A,which is becoming more and more serious.First,-(说明的现状)Second,-(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,-(解决方法一).For another-(解决方法二).Finally,-(解决方法三).Personally,I believe tha
99、t-(我的解决方法).Consequently,Im confident that a bright future is awaitingus because-(带来的好处).With the development of modern industry,more and more people are concerned about the problem(点题).21It isbecause Firstly,Secondlythirdly(原因或现象 1 2 3)Personally,I believe that（结论，前景，解决方式）Man is now facing with a bi
100、g problem of,which is becoming more and more serious.(点题，重要性或严重性)The reasons for this are listed as follows:Firstly,SecondlyThirdly(原因或理由 1 2 3)In brief,(结论或措施)Very often you come across an empty classroom with the light on.Its not difficult to find evidence ofWasting water,a very serious problem.Ad
101、ditionally,Students do not recycle enough,throwing awaytheSoft drink bottles,used exercise papers and books.Worse still,many students still use the non-Environmentally friendly lunch boxes,causing the White pollution.These things show that many students lack the senseOf enviromental awareness.Its im
102、portant to educateStudents to be more environmentally friendly.At the Same time,students can do small things,such as Collecting used item for recycling,turning off the lights,Saving water.Always remember that its everyones Responsibility to protect the environment.22高考前英语基础知识清理（8）Action 1.bathe 洗澡；游
103、泳2.bite v.咬；叮3.breath n.气息；呼吸4.breathe vi.呼吸5.bury vt.埋；葬6.carve vt.刻；雕刻7.forget v.忘记,忘形,忘乎所以8.forgetful a.健忘的,不留心9.forgive 原谅，宽恕10.choke n.&v.窒息11.choose vt.选择12.clap vi.拍手；鼓掌13.climb v.爬，攀登14.collect vt.收集，搜集15.cry n.叫喊；哭声 v.喊叫；16.cut v.n.切，剪，削，割伤17.dig v.挖；掘18.elect vt.（投票）选举19.enter vt.进入20.entr
104、y n.进入21.gather n.&v.聚集；采集22.howl vi.嚎叫，嚎哭23.kiss n.&vt.吻，亲吻24.knock n.&v.敲；打；击25.laugh n.&v.笑，大笑；嘲笑26.laughter n.笑；笑声27.lift v.举起，抬起；（云烟）消散28.lift 举起,电梯,起重机,搭车29.mention 提及；记载,提到，30.memory n 回忆,记忆,内存31.nod vi.点头32.pick 拾起，采集；挑选33.raise vt.使升高；饲养34.remember v.记得，想起35.remind vt.提醒，使记起36.rise n.&vi.上升
105、,上涨,起义,37.select vt.选择，挑选，选拔38.shave v.&n.剃,刮,削刮39.sigh n.&vi.叹息；叹气40.sit vi.(使)就座,(使)坐41.smile n.&v.微笑42.sneeze n.&v.打喷嚏43.sob n.&v.抽泣，啜泣44.spit v.吐唾沫；吐痰45.split v.撕开,切开,分裂,分离46.stand 站,立场,摊,坐落,经受,47.step 脚步,台阶,步骤48.sweat n.&v 汗，汗水49.sweep v.清扫,席卷,冲光,扫过50.tap n.水龙头 v.轻打,轻敲51.tear n.&v.泪滴,眼泪,流泪52.te
106、ar v.&n 扯,撕,撕破,53.tip 顶端,尖端,告诫,小费,54.walk 步行；散步55.wash 洗,洗涤,冲洗,56.washing machine n.洗衣机57.washroom 盥洗室,厕所58.weep 哭泣，流泪59.wipe 擦；擦净；擦干60.wrap 包装,卷,缠绕,Weather1.climate 气候,风土,思潮2.cloud 云；云状物；阴影3.cloudy a.多云的，阴天的4.flash闪；闪光；转瞬间5.lightning 闪电6.rain.雨，雨水 vi.下雨7.rainbow.彩虹,幻想,幻觉8.rainfall 一场雨；降雨量9.rainy 下雨
107、的；多雨的10.shower.阵雨；淋浴11.smog 烟雾(=smoke+fog)12.snown.雪 vi.下雪13.snowballn.雪球14.foggy15.snowy a.雪的,多雪的16.stormn.风暴，暴（风）雨17.thunder n.&v.雷声，打雷18.thunderstorm 雷电交加暴风雨19.weather 天气,气候,气象20.a weather forecast 天气预报21.wind 风,缠绕，蜿蜒，弯曲22.tornado 龙卷风23.tsunami 海啸24.typhoon 台风重点词汇：govi.去；离开；走link-v.go+adj./bad 变为
108、be going to 准备或打算做某事 go about 到处走动；vt.着手干go after 追（捕），追求 go against 违背，违反；对不利go ahead 开始做；进行；往前走；用吧 go all out to do sth.全力以赴做go along 和一道去，和一样干 go around(round)到处走；流传，传开go away 走开、离开、逃跑go back to 可追溯到go bad（食物）变坏、坏掉go beyond 超出，超越go by 过去，经过；根据行事，从来看go down（太阳等）下落，（船）下沉/下降/下跌；传下去go down on ones kn
109、ees 跪下，屈膝go Dutch 各付各的钱，打平伙go in for 从事（某种职业或工作），有某种爱好go into 调查；了解，研究，讨论 go off 离开,走开go over 研究，检查，审阅；复习，讲解，排演；查看 go on 发生，进行，进展 go on to do sth.接着做23go on doing sth.=go on with sth.继续做go out 出去，出国；熄灭【辨析】go to bed 上床睡觉（未睡着）go to sleep 睡着go to pieces 破碎 go to the dogs 变得不可救药，情况变得糟糕极了go to work 干起来 g
110、o together 相配，和谐go up to 向走过来 go with 相配；和交朋友go up 上涨，涨价；上升，增长；（楼房）盖起来go through 审阅，检查，讨论；查看，翻找，搜寻；看一遍，做一遍；经理，经过；通过，成功 go fishing(hunting,shooting,cycling,swimming,walking,drinking,shopping)去干某事重点句型七、An advantage of is+that 从句（.的优点是.）1.使用 e-mail 的优点是它不会浪费纸张。八 The reason why+句子 is+that 从句（.的原因是.）1.他失
111、败的原因是他拒绝听从我的劝告。九.So+形容词+be+主词+that 从句（如此.以致于.）1.他是如此生气以致于说不出一句话来。十、adj+as+subject（主词）+be,S+V（虽然.）1.虽然他还是个孩子，他却懂得很多东西。十一、The+er+S+V,the+er+S+V /The+more+adj+S+V,the+more+adj+S+V 你学习愈努力，你取得的进步就愈大。The harder you work,the more progress you will make.十二、enable+object（宾语）+to+V（.使.能够.）例句：听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。Liste
112、ning to music enable us to feel relaxed.范文背诵：议论文（正反观点对比）最近，你校同学正在参加某报社组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：中国是否应大力发展家用小汽车？请你根据下表所提供的信息，客观地介绍这两种不同的意见。60%的同学认为：40%的同学认为：1应大力发展2促进国家经济发展3增加就业机会4提高生活质量；方便、省时1应有限度地发展2增加城市交通拥挤，交通事故3修路占用土地4空气和噪音污染注意：1信的开头已为你写好。2词数：100 左右3参考词汇：国民经济the national economyAbout the discussion weve had
113、 about whether China should devote major efforts to developing car industry,opinions are divided on the question.60%of the students think China should fully develop car industry.They believe this will speed up the development of the national economy.More workers will be employed.With cars the people
114、s life quality will be raised.They will save time and be more convenient in their life and work.On the other hand,40%of them think China should control its car industry development.Otherwise,the city traffic will be even heavier and more traffic accidents will take place.At the same time,more land w
115、ill be used for the new roads.What is more,air and noise pollution will become more serious.语法复习：数词 1.数词作定语，表语 2.顺序编号中的数词 事物名词基数词 序数词事物名词 3.年，月，日的表达顺序 时间小的在前，大的在后要注意标点符号 4.时间与地点同时出现的问题 在同一句中，如果时间状语和地点状语都在谓语动词后，按习惯，地点在前，时间在后 5.“一个半”的表达法 one pound and a half one and a half years 6.带数词的成语 twos and thre
116、es 三三两两 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 247.数词的修饰语问题 形容数目很大，常用 full,solid 于名词前；good,all of,no less than,asas,用于数词前.形容数目小常用 barely,scarcely,no more than 等于数词前 形容“恰好”，“不多不少”，常用 clear(名词前)sharp(后置定语)more or less(数词前)表示“大约”，“大致”常用 nearly,almost,close to,some,about 等于数词前，or so(句末),more or less(句末)小数，分数，百分比引导的短语
117、作主语时的主谓一致问题 分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式 25高考知识清理（9）Shape1.bend使弯曲2.bent 弯的 n.倾向,爱好3.big 大的4.bow 鞠躬,弯腰行礼,弓5.brief bri:f a.简洁的6.broad 宽的，宽大的7.circle.圆圈,将圈起来8.deep 深 ad.深；深厚9.deeply ad.深深地10.direct 直接，指挥(演奏),导演11.fat 脂肪 a.胖的；肥的12.figure 数字/目，图形
118、；身型；人物13.form 表格；形式；结构14.grand 宏伟的,重大的15.great.伟大；重要的；好极了16.ad.（口语）好极了，很好17.high 高的；高度的 ad.高地18.height 高，高度19.huge 巨大的，庞大的20.large 大的；巨大的21.length 长，长度，段，节22.little 小/少的 n.没有多少，一点23.long 长的 ad.长久 vi.渴望24.low 低,矮的,粗俗,卑贱的25.round 圆形，形物,体一轮26.shallow 浅的,不深,肤浅的27.shape 形状 v.制造，塑造28.short 短的,矮的,不足的,不够29.
119、short wave n.短波30.slight 轻微的，细小的31.small 小的，少的32.splendid 灿烂的,极好33.square 平方的,方形的34.straight 一直的，直的35.surround 围绕；包围36.surrounding 围绕物,环境37.tall 高的,长的38.thick 厚的,粗的,稠的,浓的39.thin.薄的；瘦；稀40.tiny 极小的，微小的41.vast 巨大的，广阔的42.wide 宽的,广阔的,张大的Move1.dip 浸，蘸；把放入又取出2.drop 滴 v.掉下，投递；放弃3.fall vi.落，降落；倒4.firm a.,adv
120、.&v.坚固，坚定5.firmly ad.牢牢地6.fog雾7.leak 漏；渗,撒尿8.lean 倚，倾斜9.leap跳,跳越,跳跃10.mobile活动的，可移动11.mobile phone 手提电话，手机12.move移动，搬动，搬家13.movement 运动，活动14.pour 倾泻,涌入,流,倾盆大雨15.quake 震动，颤抖16.rock.摇动，摇滚17.roll 滚动,卷起,摆动,名单18.roller 滚筒；辊19.roller skatingn.滑旱冰20.shake 摇动,摇,颤抖,震动21.shock 打击,震动,使震惊22.sink 水槽 vi.下沉；消沉23.s
121、lide 幻灯片,滑道 v.滑行24.slip 滑倒,事故,片,纸片25.steady稳固的,坚定的26.tremble 颤抖,战栗27.wag 摇动；摆动词汇：get get sth.得到，收到；买；找 link.v.变得 get+adj.get+done/hurt/burnt/paid get to do know,realize,understand 逐渐 get up 起床，举办，组织；打扮，装饰，化妆；记熟 get sb.to do sth.使做 get sth.+p.p.请别人做某事；使某事完成 get sth.+adj.get to do sth.=have to do sth.
122、get away from 离开，走开；逃走，跑掉，躲开 get married 结婚 get back 回来；放回去；要回来；恢复 get by （走）过去，通过，过下去 26get close to 接近 get down 下来；去下来，吃下去；跪下来；写下来 get down to sth.开始认真干 get hold of 抓住，找到 get in 收庄稼 get in touch with 和联系 get on 上车（船等）穿上；继续干 get out 出来；传出去；出版，拟出来 get out of 从得到，逃避，避免；改掉（习惯）get over 克服，摆脱；痊愈；get rid
123、 of 摆脱，除掉，处理掉 get together 聚首，欢聚，碰头，聚会 get into the habit(hobby)of 养成的习惯（爱好）get into 进入，陷入 get to 到（某一时刻/年龄/地方），开始（做某事）；get off 下车；离开，动身，起飞；脱下来；下班；寄走 get about vi.=get around（消息）传开，传出去；四处走动 get along(well)with get on(well)with 进展（顺利）；情况（好）；相处（好）get through 做完，办完，看完；通过（考试）；通过（议案）；接通的电话；度过（时间）；穿过 经典句型
124、复习：一、the+est(形容词最高级）+名词+(that)+主语+have ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,)the most+形容词+名词+(that)+主语+have ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)例句：海伦是我所见过的最美丽的女孩。Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.二、Nothing is+er than to+V.Nothing is+more+形容词+than to+V.例句：没有比接受教育更重要的事了。Nothing is more i
125、mportant than to receive education.三、cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。）例句：我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.四、There is no denying the fact+that 从句（不可否认的.）例句：不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。There is no denying the fact that the quali
126、ties of our living have gone from bad to worse.五、It is universally acknowledged+that 从句(全世界都知道.；众所周知.)例句：全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.I.语法复习：反意疑问句附加疑问句的主要形式：肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句一、反意疑问句的一般情况1 当陈述部分的主语是：等 everyone,everybody,someone,no on
127、e,nobody,somebody 合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往 they 用。（也可以按语法一致原则用单数。）2 当陈述部分以 one 定代词做主语时，附加疑问句的主语在正式常合用 one，非正式常合 you 用。3 当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this 或 that，附加疑问句的主语用 it。（是 those,these 则用 they）Learning how to repair motors takes a long time,doesnt it?4 当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词 everything,anything,nothing 等，附加疑问句的
128、主语用 it。5 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing，附加疑问句的动词，要用肯定形式。6.如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。二、常见句型的反意疑问句7.当陈述部分是 there be 存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用 there。8.感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。9.祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题A)祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用 will you。B)祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。C)Let 开头
129、的祈使句要注意：1.Lets 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句往往用 shall we。272.Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有 allow 的意思。附加疑问部分用 will you。3.Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用 will you，或用 may I。10.当陈述部分是一个（带 that 引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose,I think,I believe,I imagine,I expect 等结构时，
130、附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。11.当陈述部分是 Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。12.当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13陈述部分中有 have 一词，且表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问句部分既可用 have 也可用 do。14.陈述部分中有 have to，附加疑问句部分用 do。15.陈述部分带有情
131、态动词 ought to，附加疑问句部分，英国人用 ought to 形式；但在美国人中常用 should。16.陈述部分有 used to，附加疑问句部分可用 used 也可以用 did。17.陈述部分有 neednt 时，附加疑问句部分用 need 但有时也可用 must。18.陈述部分有 must，且表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用 mustnt，如果表示“必要”则用 neednt。19.陈述部分中是 mustnt 表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用 must。陈述部分中的 must 表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。20.陈述部分
132、是 I wish，表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用 may I。21.弄清陈述句中的d rather=would rather；d better=had better 附加疑问句部分前者用 would，后者用 had。22.陈述部分的主语是 each of.结构时，附加疑问句在强调整体时用 they，当作个别时用 he。23.陈述部分有 neither.nor.(either.or.)做并列主语，附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。陈述部分是：Im.结构，附加疑问句一般用 arent I?25：在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，
133、这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如：Oh,he is a writer,is he?Youll not go,wont you?反意疑问句快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语疑问部分Imarent IWishmay+主语no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little 等否定含义的词肯定含义ought to（肯定的）shouldnt/oughtnt+主语have to+v.(had to+v.)dont+主语(didnt+主语)used todidnt+主语或 usednt+主语had better+v.hadnt youwould rat
134、her+v.wouldnt+主语youd like to+v.wouldnt+主语感叹句中be+主语Neithernor,eitheror 连接的并列主语根据其实际逻辑意义而定指示代词或不定代词 Everything/that/nothing/this主语用 it并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定28think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine 等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one复数 they,单数 he情态动词 dare 或 needneed(
135、dare)+主语dare,need 为实义动词do+主语省去主语的祈使句will you？Lets 开头的祈使句Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句Will you?there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式must 表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句反意问句1.Be sure to write to us,_?A.will you B.arent youC.can youD.mustnt you2.-Alice,you feed the bird today,_?-But I fed it yesterday.A.do youB.
136、will youC.didnt youD.dont you3.The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him,_?(2000 上海)A.did they B.didnt they C.did itD.didnt it4.I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,_?A.do I B.dont I C.will theyD.wont they5.Mrs.Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_?A.is
137、 heB.isnt heC.doesnt she D.does she6.Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time,_?(02 上海春季)A.was thereB.wasnt thereC.didnt heD.did he7.Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal,_?（04 上海）A.isnt it B.is it C.isnt beD.is he8.There is no light in
138、 the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture,_?A.didnt they B.don t they C.mustnt they D.haven t they9.There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended,_?A.wasnt there B.was thereC.didnt itD.did it10.He never said that he was good at mathematics,_?（05 北京春季）A.was he
139、 B.wasnt he C.did he D.didnt heAnswers:1-10 ABDCDCADAC名词26.A rough estimate,Nigeria is_ Great Britain.（05 上海卷）(D)A.three times the size as B.the size three times ofC.three times as the size ofD.three times the size of 27.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best
140、 when he worked with others.（05 上海卷）(D)A.temper B.appearance C.talent D.character 28.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ ofdirection.（05 浙江卷）(D)AideaBfeelingCexperience Dsense 29.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_.（05 天津卷）(C)A.ability B.for
141、ce C.strength D.mind 30.My _ of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends.（05 安徽卷）(A)A.idea B.opinion C.mind D.thought2931.The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has _ all over the country.（05 辽宁卷）(B)AcompaniesBbranches CorganizationsDbusinesses 32.It took us quite a long
142、time to get here.It was _ journey.（05 北京春）（C）A.three-hour B.a three hour C.a three-hour D.three hours 高考前知识清理（10）life1.alive 活着的，存在的2.asleep a.睡着的，熟睡3.awake v.唤醒 醒着的4.bear v.生育，结果5.danger n.危险6.dangerous a.危险的7.dead a.死的；无生命的8.deadlyadj 致命的9.death n.死10.die v.死11.drown vi.溺死；淹没12.energetic 精力旺盛的13.e
143、nergy n.精力，能量14.fate n.天数,命运,运气15.fatal a.致命的；重大的16.fierce a.猛烈的17.fortunate a.幸运的,侥幸18.fortune n.财产；运气19.force vt.强迫，迫使20.full 充满的；完全的21.hang 绞刑；上吊/悬挂22.hatch v.&n.孵蛋,孵出,策23.hibernate vi.冬眠24.hibernation n.冬眠25.hunger n.饥饿,欲望,渴望26.hungry a.（饥）饿的,荒年的27.kill v.杀死，弄死,杀伤28.life n.生命,生涯,传记,寿命29.lifetime
144、 n.一生，终生30.live a.活的,现场（直播）的31.lively a.活泼的；充满生气的32.luckn.运气，好运33.luckya.运气好，侥幸34.magic a.有魔力的35.mental a.精神的；脑力的36.morala.n.道德,寓意,精神的37.murder n.&vt.谋杀38.part-time a.&ad.兼职的39.physical a.身体的；物理的40.power 力，动力，电力41.powerful a.强有力,强大的42.safe a.安全的 n.保险柜,饭橱43.safetyn.安全，保险44.sleep n.睡觉 vi.睡觉45.sleepya.
145、想睡的,困倦,瞌睡的46.spirit n.精神,灵魂,幽灵47.starvation n.饥饿,饿死48.starvev.饿死49.souln.灵魂；心灵；气魄50.stay 停留，逗留，呆51.thirst n.渴；口渴52.thirsty a.口渴的,渴望,热望的53.tirevi.&n.使疲劳,使厌烦54.tired a.疲劳的，累的55.unfortunate 不幸,不吉利的,56.unfortunately ad.不幸地57.violencen.强烈,暴力,暴虐58.violenta.暴力的,激烈的59.wake N.&v.醒，叫醒,激发60.weaka.差的，弱的，淡的61.we
146、aknessn.软弱62.will n.意志,决心,意向,遗嘱 v.&aux.将,愿意,必须moment1.acceleratevt.加速,促进2.delay 拖延,延期,耽搁3.early 早的 ad.早地4.fast 快的，迅速的；紧密的5.ad.快地，迅速地；紧密地6.final 最后的；终极的7.n.结局,决赛,期末考试,8.first 第一；首次；最初9.immediate 立即的,马上10.immediately ad.立即11.instant a.瞬间,刹那,方便的12.just 刚才,恰好,不过,仅13.last持续,支持,维持14.late 晚的/迟的 ad.晚地，迟15.l
147、ately 最近，不久前3016.later 晚些的，迟些的17.latest 最近的,最新,最晚的18.moment片刻，瞬间19.new 新的；新鲜的20.old 老的，旧的21.quick.快,敏捷的,急剧22.rapid 快的,飞快的,险峻的23.recent 近来的，最近的24.shortly 立刻,不久,简略25.slow 慢慢地，缓慢地26.soon 不久，很快，一会儿27.speed 速度 v.（使）加速28.swift 快的，迅速的29.young 年轻的30.youth.青春；青年keepkeep sth.保持，保留，留下，保留 link.v.保持，继续keep+adj./
148、adv.keep+介词短语 keep sb.(sth.)+分词keep sb.(sth.)+adj./adv.keep sb.(sth.)+介词短语keep a close watch on 密切注视keep a diary 记日记 keep a record 作记录keep an eye on 瞧着点，照看 keep doing sth.老是做keep on doing sth.老是不断做 keep body and soul together 维持生命keep from 阻止做 keep back 忍住,留下keep fit 保持健康keep in touch with 与保持联系keep
149、 on (doing sth.)继续（做某事）keep ones word 守信keep in mind 记住 keep silence 保持安静，保持沉默keep up 保持，继续（做）keep up with 跟上议论文例句复习：规劝恶习、见解评说Different people have got different attitudes towards failure.Different people have different opinions about internet.There are always two aspects(方面)to any situation.Everyth
150、ing lives with opposite forces.The same can be said about modern technology,such as Internet.We must try to persuade people to give up smoking.It is investigated that 30%of the computers are used to play games.According to a recent investigation,Playing games on computers can be a waste of time.Its
151、been proved that early rising can make people full of energy.As the English proverb says,“Early to bed and early to rise,make a man healthy,wealthy and wise.”COMPOSTION 6:交通状况青山村的变化：人口 500，坐落在大山脚下。过去现在作物主要种植玉米，各种适合山区气候的经济作物。环境治理大量的树木被砍伐，经常发生山洪，造成极大损失植树造林，水土不再流失，没有山洪，生命财产得到保护。交通只有一条小路通向山外，出行困难。修建了一条宽
152、阔的马路，交通旅行多很方便，经济得到促进。Green hill village lies at the foot of a mountain.(1)The villagers used to grow only corn.They were rather poor.But now(2)they grow cash crops.The crops are suitable for the weather in the mountain area.In the past,the villagers cut sown a great many trees for building or for fi
153、rewood.As a result,frequent floods caused great losses.Now,(3)a large number of trees have been planted.The trees hold the soil and water.There are few floods now to destroy peoples possessions.Whats more,in order to develop economy,a broad high way has been built to replace the old small road.Its m
154、uch easier for people to transport goods and travel.Thanks to this,the economy is greatly improved.语法复习：名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)1.that 在引导名词性从句中的用法2.whether,if 在引导名词性从句中的用法区别313.同位语从句与定语从句的区别及判断4.what 在引导名词性从句中的用法5.宾语从句中否定转移时应该注意的几个问题 6.宾语从句中使用形式宾语 it 的问题及注意事项2.哪些表语形容词后可以跟从句最常用用连词用法辨析连词从句种类功用what
155、主、宾、表语从句在从句中充当主、宾、表同时在主句中充当主、宾、表语that主、宾、表、同位语、定、状在名词性从句中引导从句，不充当成分，无词意；定语从句中代替人或物，在从句中充当主、宾。表；在状语从句中引导目的、结果状语从句whether主、宾、表、同位语在从句中引导从句，不充当成分，有词意：“是否”who主、宾、表、定在从句中充当主语which主、宾、表、定在名词性从句中充当定语，词意为：“哪一个。”；在定语从句中代替物，在从句中充当主、宾语，与介词一起作状语when主、宾、表、同位语、定、状在从句中作时间状语，词意为：“在何时”where主、宾、表、同位语、定、状在从句中作地点状语，词意为
156、：“在何处”how主、宾、表、同位语、状在从句中作方式状语，词意为：“如何”why主、宾、表、同位语、定在从句中作原因状语，词意为：“为什么”if 的十不用 If 和 whether 引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，一般是可以互换的，如：I wonder if(whether)I can catch the last bus,但下列十种情况要用 whether，而不用 if。1、if 之后不能直接加 or not。2、动词 discuss 后不用 if。3、动词不定式前不用 if。4、介词之后不用 if。5、引导同位从句不用 if。6、引导主语从句放句首不用 if。7、引导表语从句不用 if。8、
157、造成歧义时尽量用 whether 不用 if。9、宾语从句置于主句之前时不用 if。10、引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”时不用 if。32高考知识清理（11）feeling1.admire v.钦佩；羡慕2.anger n.怒，愤怒3.angry a.生气的，愤怒的4.appreciate v.欣赏,感激5.ashamed a.惭愧,害臊6.bitter a.有苦味,痛苦,严酷7.boring 乏味的，无聊的8.clear a.清晰的；明亮；清楚的9.clearly ad.清楚地，无疑地10.content 甘愿的，满意的11.delight n.快乐；乐事12.delighted a.高兴,
158、快乐的13.difficult a.(艰)难的；不易相处的14.difficulty n.困难，费力15.dislike vt.不喜爱；厌恶16.disappoint vt.使失望17.disappointment n.失望；沮丧18.disturb vt.扰乱；打扰19.ease v.减轻；缓解20.easily ad.容易地21.easy a.容易的，不费力的22.easy-going a.随和的23.enjoy vt.欣赏,享受,喜欢24.enjoyable a.愉快的；有趣的25.envy vt.&n.忌妒；羡慕26.excite vt.使兴奋，使激动27.feel感觉，觉得；摸，触2
159、8.feeling n.感情；感觉29.fond a.喜爱的，爱好的30.gay（男）同性恋的；快活的31.glad a.高兴的；乐意的32.happily ad.幸福地，快乐地33.happiness n.幸福，愉快34.happy a.幸福的，高兴的35.hard ad.努力地；猛烈36.地 a.硬的；困难的；艰难的37.hardship n.困难38.hardworking a.努力工作的39.hate vt.&n.恨，讨厌,不愿40.hatredn 仇恨,憎恨,乱意41.hobby n.业余爱好，嗜好42.honour(美 honor)荣誉，光荣43.humble a.谦逊的；谦虚的4
160、4.joy n.欢乐，高兴，乐趣45.lazy a.懒惰的46.like vt.喜欢，喜爱47.likeprep.像，跟一样48.likely a.很可能的,合适的49.love n.&vt.爱,热爱,爱慕50.lovely a.美好的，可爱的51.merry a.高兴的，愉快的52.modest a.谦虚的,适度的53.naughty a.顽皮,淘气,不听话54.pleasant a.令人愉快的,舒适55.please v.请,使高兴,使人满意56.pleased a.高兴的,满足的57.pleasure n.高兴，愉快58.pride n.自豪，骄傲,傲慢59.proud a.自豪的；骄傲
161、的60.puzzle v.&n.难题,(使)为难61.respect vt.&n.尊敬，尊重62.sad a.忧愁的,悲哀的63.sadness n.悲哀，忧伤64.satisfaction n.满意65.satisfy vt.满足，使满意66.shame n.遗憾的事；羞愧67.shy 怕羞的畏缩的68.soft.软的，柔和的,温柔的69.sorrow n.悲伤，悲痛70.sorry a.对不起.难过的71.simple a.简单的,朴素的72.simple-minded 纯朴,头脑简单73.simply ad.简单地，的确74.simplicity n.简单；朴素3375.simplify
162、 vt.简化,单一化,76.steep a.&n.险峻的,陡峭,悬崖77.sweet.糖 a.甜的,可爱,亲切的78.tender a.温柔的；脆弱的79.tense.心烦意乱的，紧张80.tension n.紧张(状态),张力81.trap n.陷阱 vt.使陷入困境82.trouble vt.&n 苦恼,忧虑,麻烦83.troublesome a.令人烦恼；讨厌84.tough a.坚硬的,棘手,凶恶的85.unhappy 不高兴的,伤心86.worship n.&v.崇拜，礼高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网-34-break break away 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往
163、来；改掉（习惯）；破除（旧做法）break away from 脱离break down （身体）垮了；（谈话）中断；（机器）坏了；压倒，克服 break forth 突然（迸出）break in 突然进入，非法进入；插嘴，打岔 break into 破门而入；突然，一下子；打扰，打断 break out 爆发；突然（大声地）vt.break off vt.打断,折断；中断，断绝（关系）break through 突破，打通break up 分散,折散；分解；腐蚀break the rule 违反规定人生信条、人口人权We should make full use of our time to
164、 do useful things.We should form the good habit of saving time.Do not put off what can be done today until tomorrow.It is a pity that some people do not know the importance of time.They do not realize that wasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuable life.Do not put off what can be done
165、 today until tomorrow.Women shouldnt be looked down upon.Theres nothing that women cant do.Women hold half of the sky.Sometimes women are better at their work than men.The day will come soon when women can really enjoy equal rights.It is high time we practised birth control.In my opinion,there is no
166、 relation between the so-called lucky number and luck.The only key to success or wealth lies in hard work.We should believe in our own efforts to struggle for success.语法复习：状语从句状语从句引导从句的连词 备 注时间after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as long as,as soon as,hardly(scarcely)when,No soo
167、ner than,the time(moment,instant,minute,day)1.hardly,no sooner 在句首，引导的从句要部分倒装2.since 引导的从句注意看启动词是否是 瞬间动词还是延续性动词3.when 引导的从句注意其特殊用法4.一些名词也可以引导时间状语从句地点where,wherever 后者表示强调方式as,as if,as though,as 引导的方式状语从句多在句首原因because,since,as,now(that)语气一个比一个弱for 可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网-35-结果so
168、that,such(a)that,so that,thatsothat 中的 so 在句首，主句要部分倒装目的so that,in order that,that,so,so that 使用最普遍条件if,unless,in case,as long as,注意分清 if 从句中是否该用虚拟语气让步though,although,even if,even though,as,in spite of the fact,while,no matter wh-,as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装 连词4.并列连词A.and,or,but 连接两个相同的句子成分或句子.B.both,and,neither
169、 nor 只连接两个相同的句子成分,不能连接句子.C.not only but also 既可以连接相同的句子成分,又可以连接两个并列句,强调的重点在后一个并列成分上.D.whether or,either or 可以连接句子中的两个成分,表示选择,eitheror 可以连接两个句子,.而 whetheror 不行E.for 引导一个并列句,对前面一个句子做补充说明或推断原因.F.when 作为并列连词时,=and then 这时候,此时此刻.G.while 做并列连词用时,连接两个在意义上相互对比的句子.注意在 while 之前,一般有逗号与前一个句子分开.H.and(or)用鱼祈使句(名词
170、短语),and(or)+将来时态的陈述句结构中.5.从属连词that,when,which.详见前面的从句中.高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网-36-高考前英语知识清理（12）sportsbasketball football volleyball 排 球handball 手 球baseball 棒 球soccer 英式足球ice hockey 曲棍球water polo 水球golf bowling 保龄球badminton 羽毛球tennistable tennis=ping-pong athlete 运 动 员sportsman 运 动 家player 比 赛 者gym
171、nast 体操运动员the Olympic Games go cycling entertainment 娱乐movie(film)play 戏opera 歌剧dance ballet 芭蕾舞stage 舞台curtain 幕scenery setting 布景actor actress hero heroine 女英雄comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧tourism 旅游journey trip 短途旅行tour voyage travel cooking tools：knife fork 叉plate glass spoon 勺子pan 平底锅stove 炉bowl chopstick
172、s 筷子bottle basket basin 盆steam 蒸boil 煮fry 煎bake 烘machinestelevision computer fridge 电 冰 箱cupboard 橱 柜microwave 微 波 炉diswasher air-conditioner 空 调digital camera 数 码 相 机wahsing machine;drawer 抽屉wastebaket 垃圾桶video 录相机sofa carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘violin piano guitarclothes trousers shirt skirt dress hat swe
173、ater 毛衣tie collar 衣领suitsleeve 袖子jeans necklace jacket socks 短袜stocking 长袜blanket 毛毯shoe fruits:strawberry 草 莓grape 葡 萄orange lemon 柠 檬watermelon 西 瓜pineapple 菠萝mango 芒果coconuts 椰子banana pear peach 桃子vegetable onion 洋葱potatoes 马铃薯tomatoes cucumber 黄瓜pumpkin 南瓜peas 豌豆ginger 姜carrot 胡 萝 卜cabbage 卷 心 菜
174、pepper 辣 椒eggplant 茄 子mushroom 蘑菇thinksb.think 想，思考think that 想，认为，以为 I dont think he is good student.（注意否定的转移）高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网-37-What do you think she would feel?(do you think 是插入语)think sb.(sth.)+adj.think sb.(sth.)+名词think+it+adj./名词+to do sth.think+it+adj./名词+doing sth.think+it+adj./名词
175、+thatthink sb.(sth.)to be think to do sth.打算做；想到，预料think that 想到，预料 think about 想，考虑think aloud=(out/loud)把想的事情说出来 think back(to)回忆think highly(well,much)of 赞扬 think little(badly,nothing)of 认为不好（评价不高）think of 想到，想起think ofas 以为，认为 think out 想出think over 仔细考虑What do you think about(of)？对觉得怎么样？bring与
176、take 相反bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb.拿来，带来，送来bring about vt.引起，突现，造成 bring in 引进、引来、吸收bring back 归还，带回来bring back to life(health)使复生，使恢复健康bring out 显示出来，表现出来，讲清楚；出版；生产；提出bring on 使前进bring up 提出；抚育大，教养bring down 1.降 低2.使倒下 1.表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this/2）The reasons for this are as follow
177、s例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoymodern life2表示好处 1）It has the foll
178、owing advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 5）It is of great benefit to us例如：Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us3表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 2）It do
179、es us much harm3）It is harmfulto us例如：However，everything dividesinto twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion语法复习：不定式1.不定式的基本特征：主动的，表将来的，表目的2.不定式做主语时，谓语动词怎样在人称与数方面保持一致高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网-38-3.可以用不定式做宾语的动
180、词：want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,promise,mean,pretend,begin,decide,learn,agree,expect 等4.可以用 wh-不定式做宾语的动词ask,decide,explain,forget,know,learn,remember,see,tell,show,teach,discuss,wonder,advise 等5.不定式做宾补的注意事项：A)使役动词后的宾补B)感官动词后的宾补6.不定式作定语时应注意的事项：A)不定式的主动式或被动
181、式的选择 B)与被修饰词的逻辑关系7.不定式作状语 A)in order to so as to(表目的)B)be glad to do sth.(表原因，注意该句型的形容词)C)only to do sth.(表结果，多数有only 在前)8.too to 与 enough to do sth.的转换问题9.是不是凡是 too to 结构都能译成“太而不能”？10.省略不定式符号的几种情况：A)感官动词，使役动词后的宾补中B)help 后作宾语或宾补中C)had better,would rather,would sooner,rather than 后D)but,except 位于 do+
182、anything(nothing,everything)后 E)由 and,or 连接两个不定式，第二个不定式前可省略分词1.分词的基本特征A)现在分词主动的，表进行的，表特征的；B)过去分词 被动的，表完成的，表状态的2.不是任何动词都可以用于过去分词(只有及物动词才可以用作过去分词.)3.如何使用分词作定语，状语，宾补4.现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的区别5.have sb.(sth.)do(doing,done)的使用区别6.make ab.doing sth.怎么回事？7.独立主格结构的用法8.如何使用分词短语化简复合句9.分词作定语时应该注意的问题(missing,lost;rem
183、aining,left 等)动名词1.能用动名词作宾语的的动词：consider cant help cant stand enjoy excuseescapepractise put offmiss mindavoidriskgive upfinishimagine keepsuggest2.用动名词作宾语而用不定式作宾补的动词：adviseallowpermitencourage2.八大金刚rememberforgetstopmeantryregretagreego on4.need,demand,want,require 表示“需要”的用法5.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别6.状语中的动名词7.动名词的复合结构独立主格结构1.独立主格结构的作用.主句前：作时间，原因，条件等状语主句后：作方式，伴随状语2.独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+分词(形容词,副词,介词短语)3.独立主格结构中出现现在分词与过去分词的使用区别.4.如何利用独立主格结构化简复合句.高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网-39-w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m