1、语法对点讲练五名词性从句名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，能在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导词归类：类别功能引导词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当句子成分that, whether, if连接代词起连接作用，并充当主语、宾语、表语或定语who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whichever, whoever连接副词起连接作用，并充当从句状语when, where, how, why一、主语从句知识点讲解1主语从句的一般结构主语从句一般放于主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句谓语动
2、词其他。2it作形式主语的主语从句Itbe/become(s)形容词/名词/过去分词主语从句。It is clear that the whale is not a fish.It seems/appears等动词that从句。It happens that he can understand a little about the language.It remains to be过去分词主语从句。It doesnt matterhow/whether从句。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.主语从句出现在感叹句中。What a pity i
3、t is that you cannot stay for dinner.特别提示用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，主语从句谓语动词用(should) do形式。常用句型有：It is necessary/important/natural/strange等that从句It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired等that从句对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013北京卷)_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the
4、writer.A. That B. WhatC. Who D. Which答案_B_知识点_解析句意：使这本书与众不同的是作者具有创造性的想象力。主语从句中缺少主语，并且指物，故用what引导。2(2013陕西卷)It remains to be seen _ the newlyformed committees policy can be put into practice.A. that B. whichC. what D. whether答案_D_知识点_解析句意：新组建的委员会的政策是否能付诸实施尚待分晓。It remains to be seen whether“尚待分晓”，此处it
5、为形式主语，真正的主语为whether引导的主语从句。由句意知选项D正确。3(2013江西卷)_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. Whoever B. WhateverC. Whichever D. Wherever答案_C_知识点_解析句意：无论你们中哪个人打破窗户都得赔偿。whichever引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语。4(2013四川卷)_ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. When B. HowC. W
6、hat D. That答案_C_知识点_解析此句中_ you said at the meeting是一个主语从句，缺少宾语，故选what。5(2013重庆卷)_ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. ItC. What D. Which答案_C_知识点_解析what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。that引导主语从句不作成分， it不可引导主语从句， which作定语。第二组语法填空6It soon became widely known _ the attempt to
7、save the girl had failed.答案that知识点_解析it在句中作形式主语，后边的主语从句才是真正的主语。从句中不缺少成分，主语从句用that引导。7It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.答案whether知识点_解析句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。whether . or .“不管还是”； It doesnt matter whether .“无论是否没有关系”。8It is necessary that
8、he _ (come) in time to attend the meeting.答案(should)_come知识点_解析在It is necessary that .句式中， that从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”， should可省略。二、宾语从句知识点讲解1动词后的宾语从句主语及物动词宾语从句。I know that he is an honest boy.feel, think, find, consider, make等，常用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.lik
9、e, dislike, love, hate, enjoy, appreciate等不能直接跟宾语从句，必须用it作形式宾语，后接宾语从句。I like it that everyone passed the exam.think, believe, suppose, expect等词后的宾语从句若是否定的，否定词要转移到主句的谓语动词上。I dont think your answers are right.2介词后的宾语从句介词后可接宾语从句，但连接词whether不可换作if。He often thinks of how he can make his class lively.3非谓语
10、动词后的宾语从句不定式、v.ing形式、过去分词也可以后接宾语从句。4宾语从句中的时态主句谓语动词为一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况而定。Do you know when the ancient games began?主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态一般用适当的过去时态。He asked me if I was reading the textbook when he was in.当宾语从句为客观真理和规律时，则用一般现在时。He said that light travels faster than sound.5whether与if引导宾语从句的区别与or not连用时，只用whe
11、ther。I want to know whether or not the train goes to King Street.“whether不定式”结构作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。if无此用法。I dont know whether to go there.介词后面的宾语从句中只用whether。if引导的条件句中，如果再有表示“是否”的引导词引导宾语从句时，只用whether。He asked me whether Id move to Beijing if I got the job.doubt在肯定句中，接whether和if引导的宾语从句；但在否定句中，只用that。We don
12、t doubt that he is a brave man.对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013新课标卷)Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. which B. whereC. how D. what答案_D_知识点_解析句意：警察发现了疑似失窃的古老雕像。found后接宾语从句，从句中appears to缺少主语成分，所以应该选一个连接代词引导宾语从句，故排除选项B和C; what可以引导宾语从句，在本句中既可作found的宾语，又可作从句的主语，选项A不符合题意，故
13、本题答案为选项D。2(2013山东卷)Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.A. what B. whoseC. which D. that答案_D_知识点_解析句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。动词know后面跟从句作宾语而从句中不缺少成分，故用连词that引导宾语从句。故选D项。3(2013东北三校第二次联考)Please hold on to _ you are strong and try to improve the weak subjects.A. when B. whereC
14、. what D. which答案_B_知识点_解析句意：你在你擅长的地方坚持住，并且试着改善你薄弱的科目。由where引导介词宾语从句，在从句中作状语。本题B项正确。4(2013湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.A. how B. thatC. which D. where答案_A_知识点_解析根据“因为你无法辨别你离胜利有多么近”可知应选A项。第二组语法填空5Tony couldnt remember _ he had turned
15、 off the computer before he left the office.答案whether/if知识点_解析whether/if常用于否定句中引导名词性从句，意为“是否”。此处whether/if引导宾语从句。6I am wondering _ Jason can lend me his new digital camera. Ill ask him.答案if/whether知识点_解析if/whether “是否”，引导宾语从句，符合句意。7After _ seemed like two hours she came out with satisfaction.答案what知
16、识点_解析所填词引导介词after的宾语从句，又在从句中作主语，只有what适合。8I never doubted _ you could succeed in setting a new world record.答案that知识点_解析doubt用于否定句时，后面接that引导的宾语从句。doubt用于肯定句时才用whether或if。三、表语从句知识点讲解表语从句常位于连系动词be, look, remain, seem等之后，其连接词还可以有as if/though, because等。主语系动词表语从句。because引导表语从句强调原因，why引导表语从句强调结果。Its beca
17、use youre careless.Thats why he was absent.The reason why从句bethat从句。The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.what从句bethat从句。What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.It looks/seems as if/though从句。It looks as if it is going to rain.主句主语是advice, demand, suggestion, order,
18、requirement, request, command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) do”形式。My advice is that you (should) quit smoking.对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.A. why B. whoC. because D. whether答案_C_知识点_解析句
19、子前是结果后句是原因，故选because。2(2013石家庄二模)The doctors dilemma was _ he should tell the patient the truth.A. whether B. whichC. that D. what答案_A_知识点_解析dilemma“进退两难的困境”。根据句意，使用whether引导表语从句。第二组语法填空3 He is eager to try something he has never tried before. Oh I see. Thats _ hes different from others.答案where知识点_解
20、析答语句意：这就是他与别人的不同之处。where引导表语从句。4What some students are not aware of is _ difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.答案how知识点_解析句意：有些学生不知道如果他们不专心学习的话，生活可能会多么困难。is后的部分是表语从句，是一个感叹句，其中life是主语，形容词difficult是表语，所以用连接副词how来修饰。5Another cultural reason why doing journalism is tough here is _ peopl
21、e dont want to stick their necks out.答案that知识点_解析句意：为什么在这里采访费力，另一个原因是文化上的原因，人们不想出头露面。that引导表语从句。四、同位语从句知识点讲解同位语从句常跟在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后，说明该名词的具体内容。I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.同位语从句与名词之间有时会有插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。Word came
22、 that our team had won the game.advice, request, suggestion, proposal等的同位语从句用虚拟语气，即“(should) do”形式。The order came from the president that the rule (should) be adapted.对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than
23、anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. thatC. which D. whether答案_B_知识点_解析由belief可知，从句是阐明belief内容的，从句不缺成分，故用that引导。2(2013绵阳第三次诊断)There is no doubt _ those working hard can pass the exam easily.A. whether B. ifC. that D. what答案_C_知识点_解析There is no doubt that .是一个固定句型，其中that引导同位语从句。第二组语法填空3The notic
24、e came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.答案that知识点_解析句意：会议延期的通知是大约下午两点下达的。that引导同位语从句，说明通知的内容， that引导同位语从句时既无词义也不在从句中作成分。4Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.答案that知识点_解析句意：经过多年的研究，已有证据
25、表明儿童的早期睡眠问题好像是在他们长大后还要继续。that引导同位语从句修饰evidence。5I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.答案that知识点_解析句意：我暗自下决心，今年是我上中学的第一年，要有所改变。that引导同位语从句，用来解释promise, that引导同位语时既无词义也不在从句中作成分。五、其他注意事项知识点讲解1同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句前的名词为idea, news, hope等有一定内涵的名词；定语从句的先行词可以是
26、名词、代词或整个句子。同位语从句相当于一个名词，用来解释、说明；定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来对先行词进行修饰或限制。how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，不能引导定语从句； which则不能引导同位语从句。that在同位语从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，不能省略； that引导定语从句，可在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，指物时可以被which代替，作宾语时常省略。when, where, why在两种从句中都作成分，但引导定语从句时，需要先行词分别表示时间、地点、原因，而在同位语从句中则不然。2that与what在名词性从句中的区别what充当成分，意为“的事物”，不可省略； t
27、hat不作任何成分，只起连接作用，也无实际意义。名词性从句已有疑问引导词时，不再用that。I dont understand what you said just now. (understand后不再用that)3whatever, whichever, whoever在名词性从句中的区别whatever, whichever引导名词性从句可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语成分； whoever只可作主语、宾语成分。特别提示whatever, whichever, whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what/which/who。对点训练第一组单项填空1The fac
28、t has worried the people across the world _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. whichC. that D. where答案_C_解析that引导同位语从句，对fact的内容进行说明。2A new research finds that companies _ have more women on their boards have better results.A. what B. whoC. where D. that答案_D_解析句意：一项新的研究发现，
29、董事会拥有更多女性的公司会取得更好的业绩。what不能引导定语从句，故排除；从句缺少主语，排除where；先行词是companies，不表示人，故排除who，选择that，that引导定语从句。3Up to now, I havent got any idea _ we should go on with the project.A. that B. whetherC. what D. which答案_B_解析句意：直到现在我也不知道我们是否应该继续这项工程。根据句意可知，应用whether引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。4He didnt expect that his parent
30、s could manage to know _ is going on in his college life on the Internet.A. how B. whichC. what D. that答案_C_解析句意：他没有想到父母会设法从网上知道他大学生活中所发生的事情。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作is going on的主语，故选what。第二组语法填空5_ nearly all behaviour is learned behaviour is a basic assumption _ has been put forward by the social scientists.
31、答案That;_that解析句意：几乎所有的行为都是习得性行为，这是社会学家们提出的最基本的假设。第一空引导的是主语从句，从句不缺成分，意思完整，所以选that。第二空引导的是定语从句，而从句缺少主语，因此也选用that。6_ song Jay Chou sings will become popular pretty soon.答案Whatever解析句意：周杰伦唱的任何歌曲都会很快流行。根据句意，whatever合适。7_ we have planned ahead might change when we put it into practice.答案Whatever解析题干中的when we put it into practice是时间状语从句，前面是主语从句，空白处所填的词在主语从句中作宾语。whatever“无论什么”，符合句意。
