上海市杨浦区2021届高三英语下学期4月等级考质量调研（二模）试题（含解析）.doc

1、上海市杨浦区2021届高三英语下学期4月等级考质量调研（二模）试题（含解析）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each con

2、versation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. 【此处可

3、播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where are the two speakers?A. In a restaurant.B. On a farm.C. On a plane.D. In a cafeteria.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Do you serve vegetarian meals?M: Im sorry, Sir. Vegetarian meals need to be requested at least a day before your flight.Q: Where are the two speakers?2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What wil

4、l the two speakers probably do after class?A. Eat at the new Burger place.B. Spend time at a dance club.C. Sign up for a traditional dance class.D. Close a deal at a new place.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Hanging out at the new Burger place after class sounds boring. Why dont you come with me to my traditional d

5、ance club?M: Then its a deal.Q: What will the two speakers probably do after class?3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When will Ryne be out of the hospital?A. This Friday.B. This Saturday.C. Next Monday.D. Next Sunday.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Ryne scheduled his knee surgery for this Friday. He expects to be in the hospita

6、l till next Monday.M: In that case, maybe we could go and see him sometime on Saturday.Q: When will Ryne be out of the hospital?4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why does the woman want to put their orders together?A. They can buy action figures on sale.B. They can share the delivery cost.C. They can order thing

7、s together.D. They share similar interest in cartoons.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Im waiting for some action figures from Japan.W: Next time you order something from Japan, let me know. We can put our orders together to save on the delivery cost.Q: Why does the woman want to put their orders together?5. 【此处可播放相

8、关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. They cant afford the laptop.B. The laptop isnt the right model.C. Their daughters are too spoiled.D. Buying laptops is unnecessary.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Look, Bill. They have laptops for kids. Should we spoil our daughters?M: Tammy! You said you were going to watch wha

9、t we spend.Q: What does the man mean?6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. The video meeting was unsuccessful.B. He enjoyed every minute of the meeting.C. The video meeting was cancelled.D. Freezing weather affected attendance.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: How did yesterdays online video meeting go?M: It

10、 was a bit of a disaster as my computer screen suddenly froze.Q: What does the man mean?7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why did Milly leave the basketball team?A. His coach didnt like his attitude towards training.B. He was rated the worst player on the team.C. His academic performance was not satisfactory.D.

11、He was suffering from a serious back injury.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: I heard you left the basketball team, Milly. How come? Was it an injury?M: No. It was my grades. The coach wont let me back on the team unless I improve enough.Q: Why did Milly leave the basketball team?8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What can we lear

12、n from the conversation?A. The man will receive a prize at the year-end party.B. The man has good qualities for being a party host.C. The man has never hosted a party before.D. The man is nervous about being a party host.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: The year-end party is around the corner. Arent you excited abou

13、t hosting the party and awarding the prizes?M: Actually, Im more nervous than relaxed.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. He lacks the opportunity to sing Karaoke.B. He will practice singing after work.C. He isnt confident about singing.D. He is

14、enthusiastic about work.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Neil, do you know we are going to do virtual Karaoke tonight after work?M: Thats why Im practicing my singing. What I lack in ability, I make up for in enthusiasm.Q: What does the man mean?10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man imply?A. She needs to improve h

15、er fitness before its too late.B. She shouldnt have run all the way to the office.C. He will monitor her fitness training from now on.D. He will wake her up to do exercise together.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: I ran all the way from the station to the office. I am breathless.M: I think it is a wake-up call for y

16、ou to do some more exercise.Q: What does the man imply?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the

17、questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. Who are the target customers of bottles of air developed by My Baggage?A. UK re

18、sidents living overseas.B. UK residents stuck at home.C. People living far away from home.D. Employees from My Baggage.12. What can be learned about the bottles of air?A. The bottles are made from recyclable materials.B. The air comes from the four UK countries.C. Only air featuring London Undergrou

19、nd is available.D. The bottles are designed for one-time use.13. What is the scientific basis for My Baggages new product?A. Humans dont like adapting to new surroundings.B. Fresh air is beneficial to emotional well-being.C. Human sense is linked with childhood memories.D. Smell can bring about emot

20、ional memories.【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D【解析】【原文】Due to ever-changing Covid-19 travel restrictions, many people around the world have found themselves stuck far away from home this year.A company My Baggage has dreamed up a special gift for homesick residents. The company is currently selling bottles of

21、genuine air from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to provide UK residents overseas with the smell of home.Priced at 25, the bottle comes with a flexible lid, so the recipient can keep opening it up and taking in the smell whenever they need a stimulus.Aside from the four UK countries, t

22、he company can also take on special requests for any other specific UK locations. For example, theyve recently fulfilled an order from a Welshman who requested a sample of air from the mountainous region of Snowdonia in northwestern Wales. Meanwhile, special limited edition bottles featuring air tak

23、en from the London Underground are also available.The team at My Baggage say they were inspired to launch the bottled air range after conducting research that linked the human sense of smell with emotional memories. They wanted to help UK residents ease homesickness and settle into their new life by

24、 allowing them to take a deep breath of the air from their home country.Questions11. Who are the target customers of bottles of air developed by My Baggage? 12. What can be learned about the bottles of air? 13. What is the scientific basis for My Baggages new product?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看

25、】14. How does the IT industry contribute to climate change?A. By consuming huge amounts of electricity.B. By releasing enormous amounts of data.C. By causing jammed traffic on the Internet.D. By pushing people to change devices.15. What is the inspiring news about some Internet companies?A. They hav

26、e invested in the clouding system.B. They are switching to the renewable energy.C. They are building large solar farms.D. They have stopped using data centers.16. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. What it means to go green in our life.B. How data centers can be made sustainable.C. Why digit

27、al technology is not sustainable.D Which personal activities cause digital pollution.【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C【解析】【原文】When it comes to going green, most people think the answers are to be found in new technologies, often ones that rely on the Internet and the ever-growing digital economy. But exactly ho

28、w sustainable is our digital life?Behind every Google search or YouTube view, there are data centers. These centers are tasked with collecting, storing, processing, distributing, and allowing access to large amounts of data. Unfortunately, they consume enormous amounts of energy and are big producer

29、s of CO. The biggest centers, which can cover more than a million square feet, use as much power as a city with a population of one million people. In fact, they consume 2%3% of the worlds electricity and release as much CO as the airline industry. According to a Greenpeace report, the global IT ind

30、ustry would rank behind only China and the US as top contributors to climate change.Our personal actions also contribute to the problem. The majority of the traffic that goes through them is due to video streaming, like watching video clips or streaming shows. Additionally, the rate that people cycl

31、e through devices, like laptops and smartphones, is climbing as people try to keep up with the latest technology.So whats the solution? Like all other efforts to go green, clean energy is the main answer. Luckily, Internet companies are already making a big push for more renewable energy sources. A

32、major cloud giant, Switch, has announced plans to build a large solar-powered center, and other data companies are signing on to get power from wind and solar farms.Questions：1. How does the IT industry contribute to climate change? 2. What is the inspiring news about some Internet companies? 3. Wha

33、t does the speaker mainly talk about?听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. What makes Jason so worried?A. He is responsible for organizing a class meeting.B. He needs to complete an annual report by the weekend.C. He is under pressure to hand in a travel plan.D. He is in charge of planning the clas

34、s trip.18. Why doesnt Jason think the trip to the east coast a good idea?A. The cost of the trip is too high.B. The journey is too tiring.C. His classmates are physically unfit to go there.D. His classmates are reluctant to go that far.19. What can be learned about the mountain resort?A. It is a bit

35、 tough to get to.B. It has small tents for rent.C. It offers seasonal discount.D. Its natural scenery is beautiful.20. How does Emily feel about the trip to the mountain resort?A. Relaxed.B. Puzzled.C. Excited.D. Worried.【答案】17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C【解析】【原文】W: Hi, Jason, you look busy this morning. Wh

36、at are you up to?M: Oh, Emily, you didnt hear? Im responsible for planning the class annual trip.W: Thats cool. Where are we going this year?M: I dont know. Im under pressure to get everything sorted fast, though. Im not sure I can handle the task.W: Dont worry. I can help you come up with ideas.M:

37、Really? You dont mind? I need to prepare a plan by the end of the week.W: What about a trip to the east coast? The beaches are really nice.M: Thats out of the question. We dont have sufficient funds to go that far.W: Well, how about we arrange a group trip to the mountains?M: Hmm, that could be fun.

38、 Lets look for a few good spots and then compare notes.W: Ive found some great campsites, but they might be a bit tough to get to.M: Some people arent in the best shape and I dont think everyone wants to stay in a tent.W: Yeah. Thats reasonable. I know a nice mountain resort with some small cabins f

39、or rent.M: That looks nice. That way we could still arrange a campfire, and people will have warm beds to sleep in.W: Also, there are some nice tracks and waterfalls near the cabins.M: These photos look really nice. Do you think the budget will cover it?W: I checked prices, and its about the same as

40、 the hotel we booked last year. Plus, I saw a note about group discounts on the website.M: Thats great. Ill give them a call right away to see what I can organize.W: I havent been to the mountains in quite a while. Im looking forward to the trip.M: Me too.Questions:17. What makes Jason so worried? 1

41、8 Why doesnt Jason think the trip to the east coast a good idea? 19. What can be learned about the mountain resort? 20. How does Emily feel about the trip to the mountain resort?II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coh

42、erent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Understanding the Closeness-Communication Bias（偏见）Most of us assume that we communicate better with our friends a

43、nd loved ones than we do with strangers. However, it is often the case that the closer we are to _21_, the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. This phenomenon is called closeness-communication bias, and it has been known to affect personal relationships.The reason _22_ many people uncons

44、ciously “tune out” their family members or close friends is that they think they already know what the other person _23_ (say). Its similar to the way in which you might not notice signs, landmarks, or scenery on a path you have travelled down numerous times.Researchers have repeatedly demonstrated

45、closeness-communication bias in experiments. In one such study, subjects were paired up in a room with friends or spouses, _24_ (follow) by being paired up with complete strangers. Researchers then asked the subjects to interpret _25_ their friends and spouses were saying to them. In the majority of

46、 cases, _26_ most subjects assumed they would better understand those they were close to, they actually understood them no better than strangers. In some cases, they understood their close friends and spouses even less.Another study showed that people are more likely to share their most worrisome tr

47、oubles with people they were _27_ (close) to rather than with their spouses or close friends. By sharing secrets with strangers, people are able to avoid _28_ (judge) and prevent creating unnecessary conflict within their close relationships.Unfortunately, the closeness-communication bias is a reali

48、ty that most people live _29_ whether they know it or not. Not only _30_ this prevent people from listening to those they love, but it also means their loved ones arent listening to them, either.【答案】21. somebody 22. why 23. is going to/will say 24. followed 25. what 26. while 27. less close 28. bein

49、g judged 29. with 30. does【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了日常生活中，我们越接近某人，我们就越不可能仔细倾听他们的话的这种现象及这种现象导致的结果。【详解】1.考查不定代词。句意：然而，通常的情况是，我们越接近某人，我们就越不可能仔细倾听他们的话。根据前文“Most of us assume that we communicate better with our friends and loved ones than we do with strangers. ”（我们大多数人认为我们与朋友和爱人的沟通，比与陌生人的沟通更好。）可知，此处指我们越接近某个人，

50、所以用不定代词somebody，故填somebody。2.考查定语从句。句意：许多人之所以无意识地“排斥”他们的家庭成员或亲密的朋友，是因为他们认为自己已经知道对方会说什么。固定句式The reason why . is that.，意为“.的原因就是.”，句中why引导的为定语从句，故填why。3.考查时态。句意同上。根据前文“they already know what the other person ”，可知此处指他们已经知道对方将要说什么。结合句意，此处用一般将来时。所以用is going to/ will say。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：在其中一项研究中，研究对象与朋友或配偶在一

51、个房间里配对，然后与完全陌生的人配对。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语。句子主语subjects和动词follow为动宾关系，所以follow要用过去分词形式，故填followed.5.考查宾语从句。句意：然后，研究人员要求受试者解释他们的朋友和配偶对他们说的话。分析句子可知，设空处及之后内容为宾语从句，设空处在从句中缺宾语，所以用连接代词what。故填what。6.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然大多数受试者认为他们能更好地理解他们亲近的人，但实际上他们的理解并不比陌生人好。根据下文“ they actually understood them no better than strangers.

52、”，可知此处表示让步，表示“尽管”含义，所以用while。故填while。7.考查比较级。句意：另一项研究表明，人们更倾向于把自己最烦恼的烦恼告诉那些不太亲近的人，而不是告诉他们的配偶或亲密的朋友。根据下文“rather than with their spouses or close friends”可知，此处指告诉那些不太亲近的人，所以用less close，故填less close。8.考查非谓语动词。句意：通过与陌生人分享秘密，人们能够避免被评判，避免在亲密关系中制造不必要的冲突。短语avoid doing sth.，意为“避免做某事”，分析可知，句子主语people和judge为动宾

53、关系，所以judge要用被动。故填being judged。9.考查介词。句意：不幸的是，亲密沟通偏见，是大多数人要接受的现实，不管他们是否知道。短语live with，意为“接受，忍受”，分析句子可知，本句中that从句为定语从句，修饰先行词reality，此处指接受现实。故填with。10.考查部分倒装。句意：这不仅阻碍了人们倾听他们所爱的人话，也意味着他们所爱的人也不听他们的。not only位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。结合本句中but it also means ，可知时态为一般现在时，同时主语this为单三形式，所以部分倒装用助动词does，故填does。Section BDirec

54、tions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. lost B. edges C. size D. stretched E. respectivelyF. limit G. reason H. attempting I. interests J. missing K. secretlyNewtons Notes on Egypts Pyramids

55、Sell for 378, 000Handwritten notes by the English scientist Sir lsaac Newton were sold at a Sothebys London auction on 7 December, fetching 378,000. The three pages of notes, which date from the 1680s, show Newton _31_ to work out the structure and exact measurements of ancient Egyptian pyramids. Th

56、e notes are burnt around the _32_, which is thought to be the result of Newtons dog jumping up on the table and knocking over a candle.Newton, who lived from 1642 to 1727, is most famous for discovering the laws of gravity. However, among his many other _33_, he wanted to work out the date and timin

57、gs of the Apocalypse（末世）. He thought that the key to this knowledge might be in the ancient pyramids at Giza, Egypt.By studying the _34_ of individual bricks, the length of tunnels and the height of chambers, Newton thought he would be able to work out the secrets of the pyramids and therefore unpic

58、k mysteries of Apocalypse, too. Newton also thought studying the pyramids could help him to work out the circumference (周长) of the Earth a _35_ piece in his work on gravity.At the time, several people believed that the ancient Egyptians had access to important knowledge and secrets that were _36_ wh

59、en their civilisation ended. This belief was central to the study of alchemy（炼金术）. Although Newton was very interested in alchemy, he kept this hidden because he thought it would _37_ his career. He was known as an Enlightenment scientist.However, Newton _38_ showed more interest in alchemy than in

60、science and maths. In 1936, a sale of Newtons paperwork at Sothebys auction house revealed how far his research and interest in alchemy _39_. John Maynard Keynes, an economist, bought some of those papers. He said that Newton was “not the first of the age of _40_, he was the last of the magicians”.

61、The notes that sold on 7 December are thought to be part of the same body of work.【答案】31. H 32. B 33. I 34. C 35. J 36. A 37. F 38. K 39. D 40. G【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了牛顿关于埃及金字塔的笔记被拍卖，售价为37.8万欧元，并讲述了牛顿对炼金术的兴趣，以及笔记的可能的来源。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：这三页的笔记可以追溯到17世纪80年代，显示了牛顿试图计算出古埃及金字塔的结构和精确测量结果。根据下文“to work out the

62、 structure and exact measurements of ancient Egyptian pyramids”可知，笔记是牛顿尝试计算古埃及金字塔的结构和精确测量方法记下的，attempt“尝试”符合句意，故选H。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：笔记被烧的只有边缘，这被认为是牛顿的狗跳上了桌子并且撞到了蜡烛的结果。根据下文“which is thought to be the result of Newtons dog jumping up on the table and knocking over a candle.”可知，牛顿的狗跳到桌子上撞到了蜡烛，引起了火灾，笔记被烧得

63、只剩边缘，冠词修饰名词，edge“边缘”符合语境，根据句意用复数，故选B。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，在他的许多其他兴趣中，他还想计算出末世的日期和时间安排。根据上文“Newton, who lived from 1642 to 1727, is most famous for discovering the laws of gravity.”可知，牛顿以发现了万有引力最出名，空格处填名词作介词宾语，故interest“兴趣”符合句意，且由many修饰，用复数，故选I。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：通过研究单块砖的大小、隧道的长度和房间的高度，牛顿认为他将能够找出金字塔的秘密，因此也解

64、开了启示录的奥秘。定冠词修饰名词，由下文的“length”“height”可推断，size“大小；尺寸”符合句意，故选C。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：牛顿还认为研究金字塔可以帮助他计算出地球的周长这是他的引力研究中缺少的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处缺少形容词作定语，根据句意，missing“缺少的”符合，故选J。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：当时，有几个人认为古埃及人可以接触到他们的文明结束时失去的重要知识和秘密。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，lose“失去”符合句意，that引导定语从句，指代knowledge and secret，与lose是被动关系，空格前有were，故填lost

65、，故选A。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然牛顿对炼金术很感兴趣，但他把这个秘密隐藏起来，因为他认为这会限制他的职业生涯。分析句子可知空格处填动词作谓语，limit“限制”符合句意，空格前有would，故接动词原形构成过去将来时，故选F。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，背地里牛顿对炼金术比对科学和数学更感兴趣。根据句意，secretly“秘密地；背地里”符合句意，副词作状语，故选K。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：1936年，牛顿在苏富比拍卖行出售了一件文件，揭示了他对炼金术的研究和兴趣延伸了多远。分析句子可知，空格处是宾语从句的谓语动词，stretch“延伸”符合句意，根据时间状语in 1

66、936可知，用一般过去时，故选D。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：他说牛顿“不是理性时代的第一个，他是最后的魔术师”。介词后接名词作宾语，reason“理性”符合句意，故选G。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Th

67、ieving Monkeys Name Your PriceHuman beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal.If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali, be careful. The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves. They make a living by _41_ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a pa

68、yment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever. But professor Jean-Baptiste Leca wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first _42_ and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether macaques are able to _43_ how valuable an object is to i

69、ts owner, and factor that into their negotiations.Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the activities of the monkeys. Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a _44_ tourist, they recorded the interaction. Not

70、all attempts at robbery were successful. But of those that were, they analysed the _45_ of almost 2,200.To work out what was going on, they had first to establish the _46_ values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for

71、 use in negotiations _47_ tourists who want to get their property back: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different _48_, but professor Leca established these for _49_ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.To confirm which

72、stealable objects are most _50_ by people, they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets. They then observed, from the video recordings, how of

73、ten victims _51_ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes, and _52_ classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).They found that monkeys do have a good sense of what they

74、 are doing _53_, adults and sub-adults do. These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up. Young ones

75、make no such _54_, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn. It has to be _55_.41. A. warningB. robbingC. remindingD. clearing42. A. depositB. dishC. offerD. prey43. A. assignB. assistC. assureD. assess44. A. particularB. p

76、rincipalC. peculiarD. progressive45. A. impactsB. detailsC. attacksD. motions46. A. preciseB. scientificC. optionalD. relative47. A. in spite ofB. in honor ofC. with regard toD. on behalf of48. A. preferencesB. potentialsC. performancesD. predictions49. A. individualB. independentC. collectiveD. coo

77、perative50. A. identifiedB. valuedC. exchangedD. rewarded51. A. refusedB. managedC. botheredD. happened52. A. insteadB. otherwiseC. thusD. meanwhile53. A. in practiceB. at leastC. in allD. at length54. A. differencesB. distinctionsC. distributionsD. demands55. A. acquiredB. reversedC. managedD. info

78、rmed【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. A 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章援引研究发现，成年猴子的偷窃行为和与受害者的讨价还价并获得高回报的行为是后天习得的。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们以抢劫来访者的财物为生，然后持有这些物品，直到r人们以食物的形式支付报酬。A. warning警告；B. robbing抢劫；C. reminding提醒；D. clearing清理。根据前文“The long-tailed macaques

79、(猕猴) there are well-known thieves.”以及后文“Not all attempts at robbery were successful.”可知，他们抢劫来访者的财物。故选B项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们不接受第一次提供（的食物），坚持要求更多。A. deposit押金；B. dish菜碟；C. offer提供；D. prey捕食（习性）。根据上文“They make a living by _1_ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a pay

80、ment in the form of food is paid.”可知，猴子们有时不接受第一次提供的食物。故选C项。43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他问自己，猕猴是否能够评估一件物品对其主人的价值，并将其考虑到谈判中。A. assign分配；B. assist协助；C. assure保证；D. assess评估。根据本句中“how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.”以及后文“These animals have a preference for stealing

81、high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以判断，这是看猴子们能否评估物品的价值。故选D项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当他们看到猴子对某个特定的游客表现出兴趣，他们就会记录下互动过程。A. particular特指的；B. principal最重要的；C. peculiar怪异的；D. progressive进步的。根据常识及前文中“show interest”可知

82、，猴子要选准一个特定的（感兴趣的）游客进行抢劫。故选A项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但其中，他们分析了近2200个细节。A. impacts巨大影响；B. details细节；C. attacks攻击；D. motions运动。根据常识及句中“But of those that were”和具体数字“2200”以及下一段“To work out what was going on”等内容可知，他们为了弄清是怎么回事，分析了2200个细节。故选B项。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚到底是怎么回事，他们首先要确定猴子获得食物奖励的相对价值，以及人类可偷物品的相对价值。

83、A. precise精确的B. scientific科学的；C. optional可选择的；D. relative相对的。猴子确定的食物奖励以及所偷物品的价值是根据不同的需要而决定的，所以是相对的。故选D项。【47题详解】考查固定（介词）短语词义辨析。句意：寺庙工作人员有三种奖励可供游客在谈判中使用：生鸡蛋、饼干和小袋水果。A. in spite of尽管；B. in honor of为了纪念；C. with regard to关于；D. on behalf of代表某人，为了某人。根据句意可知，提供给猴子的食物并不是被偷游客自己提供的，而是由寺庙工作人员为他们提供的。故选D项。【48题详解】

84、考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. preferences偏好；B. potentials潜力；C. performances表演；D. predictions预言。根据本句中“but professor Leca established these for _9_ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.”可知，不同的猴子有不同的偏好。后文“These animal

85、s have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以验证答案。故选A项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. individual单个的，个别的；B. independent独立的；C. collectiv

86、e集体的；D. cooperative合作的。基于前文的分析可知，猴子们的表现是不同的，所以要对单个的猴子进行实验，才能有所区别。故选A项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确定哪些偷窃物品最受猴子们重视，他们将偷窃物品分为六大类：空容器，如手机套和相机袋；钥匙圈等配件；帽子和头饰；鞋子；眼镜和太阳镜；还有电子产品和钱包。A. identified识别；B. valued重视，珍视；C. exchanged交换；D. rewarded奖励。根据后文“they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone c

87、ases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets.”可知，实验中，为了确定哪些物品受猴子们重视。故选B项。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而花费时间和精力与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. refused拒绝；B. managed管理；C. bothere

88、d打扰，花费时间和精力（做某事）；D. happened发生。根据常识以及后文“to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes”可知，受害游客需要花费时间和精力和猴子们讨价还价。故选C项。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别财物而与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. instead代替；B. otherwise否则；C. thus因此，从而；D. meanwhil

89、e同时。后文“classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).”和前文“They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims _11_ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes,”存

90、在因果关系。故选C项。【53题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们发现，猴子确实对自己在做什么有很好的意识至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。A. in practice实际上；B. at least至少；C. in all总计；D. at length最终。根据后文“Young ones make no such _14_, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.”可知，只有成年和半成年的猴子有很好的意识，所以说，不是所有的猴子都有很好的意识，至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。故选B项。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年幼

91、的猴子没有这样的区别，而且半成年的猴子在这方面不如成年的猴子擅长。A. differences差别；B. distinctions对比，区别；C. distributions分配；D. demands要求。根据上文“But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.”可知，这种意识是随着成长学会的，此处指幼年猴子没有这种意识，它们没有区别。differences常指颜色、尺寸和数量等普通的差别；distinctions意思是相似的或相关的事物之间细节的差异，只能通过仔细检查才能确定的。故选B项。【55

92、题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是被获得的。A. acquired (被通过努力)获得；B. reversed(被)撤销；C. managed(被)监管；D. informed(被)通知。根据上文“In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn.”可知，猴子们的狡诈不是与生俱来的，是后天习得的。故选A项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or

93、unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“Uncle Chuchu, look!” Uncle Chuchu turns to where Preet is pointing. She quickly eats up the chips on his plate.

94、He always falls for this trick！Chuchu is the pet name Preet has given him. Uncle Chuchu is the kindest person in Preets world. He is also her best friend. One day, Preet sees Uncle Chuchu scoop (抓起) handfuls of candies from a jar and drop them from his bedroom window. She watches in amazement as he

95、ducks under the windowsill, trying hard not to laugh.Cries of delight float up from the street!At the end of the lane is a school. When the lunch bell rings, Uncle Chuchu secretly drops candies down to the school children as they pass under his window.After lunch, Uncle Chuchu walks back to his offi

96、ce with his briefcase. When he passes the children playing, he doesnt look at them. So, the children never guess that the hand that sends them candies every day belongs to this thin, solemn man!But one day, Uncle Chuchu has a terrible pain in his stomach. As hes taken to the hospital, he presses Pre

97、ets hand one last time.Now, Preet sits in Uncle Chuchus empty room. His yoga mat is on the floor. She remembers that long ago one day when she had walked in and found a pair of long legs poking into the air.“Help!” Preet had yelled. “Uncle Chuchu is hurt!” Mom and Grandma had rushed into the room an

98、d burst out laughing! “Hes not hurt.” Mom said. “Hes doing yoga!” Grandma said. “Yoga,” repeated Preet. She had watched with wondering eyes as Uncle Chuchu lifted his body on the palms of his hands, like a bird about to fly away!Preets eyes are wet. Nobody can fill the Uncle Chuchu-shaped hole in he

99、r heart.56. The scene described in the first paragraph is intended to show readers _.A. that Uncle Chuchu is easily fooled by othersB. what fun Preet used to have with Uncle ChuchuC. how Preet enjoyed eating snacks such as chipsD. that Uncle Chuchu always treated Preet equally57. The underlined word

100、 “duck” in the second paragraph means _.A. hideB. hangC. dragD. mark58. Why did Uncle Chuchu drop candies from his bedroom window?A. He didnt want to eat up all the candies.B. He was too shy to greet the children directly.C. He wanted to bring delight to the children.D. He took pity on the homeless

101、children in the street.59. What is the best title for the story?A. Uncle Chuchus Yoga MatB. Preets Farewell to Uncle ChuchuC. Preets Innocent ChildhoodD. Uncle Chuchus Jar of Candies【答案】56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要是Preet回忆了Chuchu叔叔的故事。Chuchu叔叔是一位善良的人，他经常偷偷从罐子里抓一把糖果从窗台扔给从窗下经过的学生，让孩子们很

102、开心。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Uncle Chuchu, look!” Uncle Chuchu turns to where Preet is pointing. She quickly eats up the chips on his plate. He always falls for this trick！(Chuchu叔叔，看!” Chuchu叔叔转向Preet所指的地方。她很快地吃光了他盘子里的薯条。他总是上这种圈套!)”可推断，第一段描述的场景是为了向读者展示Preet和Chuchu叔叔经常玩得很开心。故选B。【57题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词前句“

103、One day, Preet sees Uncle Chuchu scoop (抓起) handfuls of candies from a jar and drop them from his bedroom window.(有一天，Preet看到Chuchu叔叔从一个罐子里舀出一把糖果，然后把它们从卧室窗户扔出去)”和“She watches in amazement(她惊讶地看着)”可知，Chuchu叔叔躲在窗台下扔糖。所以duck为“躲避”之意。故选A。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Cries of delight float up from the street!(欢乐的

104、喊声从街上飘了上来!)”可知，Chuchu叔叔从卧室窗户偷偷扔糖果是想给孩子们带来快乐。故选C。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要是Preet回忆了Chuchu叔叔的故事。Chuchu叔叔是一位善良的人，他经常偷偷从罐子里抓一把糖果从窗台扔给从窗下经过的学生，让孩子们很开心。所以“Uncle Chuchus Jar of Candies(Chuchu叔叔的糖果罐)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。（B）60. On which day of the tour, do travalers get to experience the rainforest in the day an

105、d stay in Pacific Coast for the night?A. Day 3.B. Day 4.C. Day 5.D. Day 6.61. Which of the following is TRUE about the Panama 8-Day Tour?A. It is priced at $1295 including tax.B. It is only available to domestic travelers.C. It was first launched to the public in 1952.D. The tour package includes ai

106、rport transfers.62. The purpose of the advertisement is to_.A. remind travelers of key informationB. promote the Panama& Canal TourC. advertise a series of Caravan ToursD. describe the appeal of Panama City【答案】60. C 61. D 62. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则巴拿马八日游的旅游广告，介绍了其行程安排和特色等情况。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据Day 5部分中“T

107、he Embera inhabit the rainforests of Panama. Then, visit a live jungle sloth exhibition. Continue your beach hotel for a relaxing two nights stay on the Pacific Coast.(安比拉人居住在巴拿马的热带雨林中。然后，参观一个活的丛林树懒展览。继续您的海滩酒店，在太平洋海岸轻松地呆上两晚)”可知，在第五天，游客可以白天体验雨林，晚上在太平洋海岸过夜。故选C。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据Day 8部分中“Caravan provides

108、airport transfers.(Caravan提供机场接送服务)”可知，D选项“旅游套餐包括机场接送”正确。故选D。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“You are invited to Panama on a fully guided tour with Caravan. Includes all hotels, all meals, and all activities, plus take two cruises on the Panama Canal.(您被邀请到巴拿马全程导游之旅。包括所有的酒店，所有的餐饮和所有的活动，再加上在巴拿马运河上的两次巡航)”结合文章是一则巴拿马

109、八日游的旅游广告，介绍了其行程安排和特色等情况。可推知，这则广告的目的是宣传巴拿马运河之旅。故选B。(C)In 2018 biologist Jann Vendetti published a paper that described the discovery of five species of non-native snails and slugs（蜗牛和鼻涕虫）in Southern California. The research would not have been possible without some 1,200 volunteers who uploaded nearl

110、y 10,000 photos to the SLIME project (Snails and Slugs Living in Metropolitan Environments) on an app called iNaturalist.“So the entire existence of that paper is dependent upon these citizen scientists. How do you credit those people?” said Greg Pauly from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles.

111、 “There are some very specific requirements that a lot of journals and a lot of academic societies use. And those requirements largely would exclude nonprofessional scientists. And to me, thats absurd.” Thats why Pauly, together with Vendetti, and several Australian biologists are arguing that crite

112、ria must change to recognize citizen scientists as authors on scientific journal articles.They propose what theyre calling “group co-authorship.” The author list on Vendettis snail-and-slug paper includes the phrase “citizen science participants in SLIME.” But the phrase is absent when you look up t

113、he paper on Google Scholar. The publication software simply isnt equipped to handle that kind of authorship, and so it erases the groups vital contribution.In another case, several years ago in Australia, a team of researchers tried to condition native lizards not to eat the poisonous cane toads. Th

114、e only reason it was successful was because they partnered with the traditional landowners in northwestern Australia, and this group was called the Balanggarra Rangers.Several journals flat-out refused to allow for the inclusion of the Rangers as group co-authors. Eventually, the researchers did con

115、vince the editors of some journals to allow it, but the groups title was shortened, as if it was a first and last name, in online indexing software: “B. Rangers.”The researchers argue that these errors and omissions dont only make the critical contributions of a native community as invisible, they c

116、ould also be seen as showing prejudice.“If the person who had made that contribution was a graduate student who was trying to pursue a career in the sciences, we would all say, Oh, of course that person should be a co-author. But we dont necessarily extend that same line of reasoning to citizen scie

117、ntists.”Allowing for group co-authorship is not a new idea. In 2004 the journal Nature published a paper titled “Initial Sequencing and Analysis of the Human Genome.” It listed as the sole author the “International Human Genome Sequencing Association.” “So lets just choose this group-authorship mode

118、l and turn it into group co-authorships. This really shouldnt be that hard.”63. What can be learned about Vendettis snail-and-slug paper?A. It is the first paper to credit citizen scientists on the title page.B. It describes snails and slugs living in metropolitan environments.C. It is available on

119、the publication software Google Scholar.D. It includes 10,000 photos of snails and slugs in Southern California.64. What can be inferred about Balanggarra Rangers?A. They are familiar with native animals and plants.B. They make a living by hunting native lizards.C. They are good business people.D. T

120、hey are world famous as B. Rangers.65. Why is the example of a graduate student mentioned in the 7th paragraph?A. To point out the omissions in the line of reasoning.B. To highlight the contribution of a native community.C. To argue against showing favor for a particular group.D. To prove that not c

121、rediting citizen scientists is unfair.66. The authors purpose of writing the article is to _.A. expose the unfair practice in the scientific communityB. call for the wide recognition of group co-authorshipC. call on more people to become citizen scientistsD. explain the origin of the term group co-a

122、uthorship【答案】63. C 64. A 65. D 66. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过大量的举例呼吁公民科学家应该得到期刊地位的提升。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The author list on Vendettis snail-and-slug paper includes the phrase “citizen science participants in SLIME.” But the phrase is absent when you look up the paper on Google Scholar.”（Vendetti的蜗牛和蛞蝓论文的作者列表中

123、包括“黏液中的公民科学参与者”。但是当你查阅谷歌Scholar上的论文时，这个短语就消失了。）可知，Vendetti的蜗牛和蛞蝓论文可以在出版软件谷歌Scholar上找到。故选C。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The only reason it was successful was because they partnered with the traditional landowners in northwestern Australia, and this group was called the Balanggarra Rangers.”（但它成功的唯一原因是他们与澳大

124、利亚西北部的传统地主合作，这个组织叫做Balanggarra Rangers。”）可知，Balanggarra Rangers对本地动植物很熟悉。故选A。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句“But we dont necessarily extend that same line of reasoning to citizen scientists.”（但我们并不一定要把同样的推理延伸到公民科学家身上。）可知，第7段提到了一个研究生的例子来证明不相信公民科学家是不公平的。故选D。【66题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Allowing for group co-authorsh

125、ip is not a new idea. ”（允许团队合作并不是一个新想法。）和最后两句“So lets just choose this group-authorship model and turn it into group co-authorships. This really shouldnt be that hard.”（让我们选择这种群体合作模式，把它变成群体合作。这真的没有那么难。）可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁对群体合作的广泛认可。故选B。Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank

126、 with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Computers Confirm Beethovens InfluenceBeethoven is a giant of classical music. And the most influential, too at least, when it comes to piano compositions. Thats accord

127、ing to a study in the journal EPJ Data Science.If youre wondering how data analysis could determine something as abstract as cultural influence, there is something worth remembering about music. _67_ Because a lot of it is symbolic; its closely related to time. The music is written in symbols that a

128、re connected in time!Juyong Park is a theoretical physicist by training. Park and his colleagues collected 900 piano compositions by 19 composers spanning the Baroque, Classical and Romantic periods, from 1700 to 1910. Then they used that mathematical quality to their advantage by dividing each comp

129、osition into what they called “code words,” in other words, a chord（和弦）. _68_The composer with top marks for originality? Rachmaninoff. But when the researchers looked at those chord transitions across all 19 composers, it was Beethoven who was most heavily borrowed from meaning. _69_ However, the s

130、tudy comes with a couple of limitations.Again, the researchers only considered piano compositions in this worknot orchestral works. And by only studying chord transitions, their conclusions wouldnt capture artists who were influential in other ways. Its well understood that Mozarts contribution to m

131、usic comes from the musical forms that he devised. _70_As for Park, the results convinced him he has some listening to do. “I like Rachmaninoffs music but I have to confess, I have listened to Beethoven way more than Rachmaninoff. So after this work came out, I ended up buying his whole complete col

132、lection from Amazon. Im waiting for this collection to arrive.” It seems that Park turned a minor interest into a major commitment in a key way.A. That was not very well captured by the mathematical modeling.B. It is the most mathematical of the art forms we actually can deal with.C. One may find it

133、 tempting to attach different labels to composers, like Beethoven as a heroic figure or Chopin as the poet of the piano.D. They then compared each chord to the chord that came after it to determine how creative composers were at coming up with original transitions（变调）.E. He was an enthusiast and gre

134、at admirer of Beethovens music.F. At least among the composers in this analysis, his influence was the largest.【答案】67. B 68. D 69. F 70. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了利用数学性质对音乐进行分析，每首曲子的和弦使得确定有创造力的作曲家以及有影响的音乐作品成为可能。【67题详解】上文“If youre wondering how data analysis could determine something as abstract as cultu

135、ral influence, there is something worth remembering about music.”（ 如果你想知道数据分析如何能够确定文化影响这样抽象的东西，那么关于音乐有一些东西值得记住。）中提到关键词“music”，与B项中“它是我们所能处理的最数学化的艺术形式”的it前后一致，是对音乐的进一步说明，并且引出下文“Because a lot of it is symbolic; its closely related to time. The music is written in symbols that are connected in time!”（因

136、为其中很多是象征性的，与时间密切相关。音乐是用时间连接的符号写成的！），前后因果关系，语义相关。故选B。【68题详解】上文“Then they used that mathematical quality to their advantage by dividing each composition into what they called “code words,” in other words, a chord（和弦）.” (然后他们利用这种数学特性，把每个曲子分成他们所谓的“代码词”，换句话说，一个和弦)提到关键词“和弦”，D项中的“chord”（和弦）与上文一致。故选D。【69题详解

137、】上文“But when the researchers looked at those chord transitions across all 19 composers, it was Beethoven who was most heavily borrowed from meaning. (但是，当研究人员观察所有19位作曲家的和弦转变时，贝多芬是从意义中借用最多的人。)”说明了关键词“Beethoven”， F项中的his指代的就是Beethoven，与上文是递进关系，且上文出现了的 most heavily borrowed与F项中的the largest 两个最高级，进一步说明贝

138、多芬的影响，前后语义相关，符合题意。故选F。【70题详解】上文“And by only studying chord transitions, their conclusions wouldnt capture artists who were influential in other ways. Its well understood that Mozarts contribution to music comes from the musical forms that he devised.”（ 通过只研究和弦转换，他们的结论无法抓住那些在其他方面有影响力的艺术家。众所周知，莫扎特对音乐的

139、贡献来自于他所设计的音乐形式。）说明研究的局限性，即研究只局限于和弦转换，针对莫扎特对于音乐形式的巨大贡献，A项中“was not very well captured”进一步说明了它的局限性，前后语义相关，符合题意。故选A。IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible

140、.Filter（过滤） BubblesIn our digital age, whether we realize it or not, were all becoming trapped in “filter bubbles” invisible, mental cages built from our prejudices and desire for comfort.We create this trap by doing things like exposing ourselves to politically-biased （有偏见的）news and entertainment o

141、r surrounding ourselves with like-minded friends. Digital algorithms（算法）enhance our problem by learning what we like and filling our social media with opinion supporting content. The result is a personalized daily environment that filters out contrary points of view. Media algorithms are intensifyin

142、g our tendency to self-isolate by strengthening the false view that our opinions are obviously true and moral.We become fooled into believing that our opinions about complex issues are unquestionable. Meanwhile, the filter bubbles of those who disagree with us mislead them in the same way. This part

143、ial view of reality weakens our thinking, strains（伤害）our relationships and divides our societies. How can two people have a respectful, open-minded discussion when they both believe that only a stupid or dishonest person would disagree with them?To get along with family, friends and fellow citizens,

144、 we must burst our filter bubbles. We can do this by cultivating meaningful relationships with people who think differently from us. This lets us experience the reality that people who believe “bad” things can be just as good and as intelligent as we are.We can also receive balanced information by c

145、onsuming news and entertainment from across the political and ideological scale. Determining right from wrong is complicated. Living outside of our filter bubbles is less comfortable and takes effort, but the personal, relational and societal benefits are rich.【答案】Filter bubble is a mental trap crea

146、ted when we read politically-biased news or make friends with like-minded people. Media algorithms with opinionsupporting content worsen the problem. The bubble leads to people having a partial view of reality and not accepting opposing opinions. Therefore, we must break/pop the bubble by developing

147、 relationships with people different from us and receiving balanced information. (60)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，“过滤气泡”是当我们阅读带有政治偏见的新闻或与志趣相投的人交朋友时产生的心理陷阱。带有支持意见内容的媒体算法使问题更加严重。气泡导致人们对现实有片面的看法，不接受相反的观点。因此，我们必须通过发展与我们不同的人的关系，接受平衡的信息来打破气泡。【详解】1.要点摘录We create this trap by doing things like exposing ourselves

148、to politically-biased （有偏见的）news and entertainment or surrounding ourselves with like-minded friends.Media algorithms are intensifying our tendency to self-isolate by strengthening the false view that our opinions are obviously true and moral.We become fooled into believing that our opinions about c

149、omplex issues are unquestionable. Meanwhile, the filter bubbles of those who disagree with us mislead them in the same way. This partial view of reality weakens our thinking, strains（伤害）our relationships and divides our societies. To get along with family, friends and fellow citizens, we must burst

150、our filter bubbles. We can do this by cultivating meaningful relationships with people who think differently from us. We can also receive balanced information by consuming news and entertainment from across the political and ideological scale. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句The bubble leads

151、 people to have a partial view of reality and not accepting opposing opinions.Therefore, we must break/pop the bubble in the way of developing relationships with people different from us and receiving balanced information.Filter bubble is a mental trap which is created when we read politically-biase

152、d news or make friends with like-minded people.【点睛】高分句型1 Filter bubble is a mental trap created when we read politically-biased news or make friends with like-minded people. (运用了过去分词作后置定语)高分句型2 The bubble leads to people having a partial view of reality and not accepting opposing opinions. (运用了动名词的复

153、合结构)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 显然，这个男孩把配图贴错了地方。(attach)（汉译英）【答案】Obviously the boy attached the illustrations (pictures) to the wrong place.【解析】【详解】考查动词用法和一般过去时。根据提示可知，此处表示“把贴在上”应用attach sth to，表示“显然”可用副词obviousl

154、y作状语修饰整个句子，此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“配图”可用illustration或picture，表示“错误的”可用形容词wrong。再结合其它句意，故翻译为“Obviously the boy attached the illustrations (pictures) to the wrong place.”。73. 读着日记，我仿佛回到了过去，往事历历在目。(transport) （汉译英）【答案】Reading the diary, (I felt as if) I was transported to the past and the scenes leapt bef

155、ore my eye.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态、被动语态和表语从句。结合句意。可知本句的时态用一般过去时。表示“我仿佛”用I felt as if；表示“我回到了过去”，用被动语态I was transported to the past；表示“往事历历在目”用 the scenes leapt before my eye；另I和read为主谓关系，结合句子，此处用非谓语的现在分词作状语，所以表示“读着日记”用reading the diary。故翻译为Reading the diary, (I felt as if) I was transported to the pa

156、st and the scenes leapt before my eye.。74. 随着城市植树空间不断减少，应该鼓励城市居民认养而不是种植树木。(With) （汉译英）【答案】With steadily decreasing amount of space for tree-planting in the city, urban residents should be encouraged to adopt a tree rather than plant one.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查with的用法和动词短语。with作介词，意为“随着”，其后可以跟名词；表示“不断减少的数量”可用

157、steadily decreasing amount，表示“用来做某事的空间”可用名词space for sth，表示“植树”可用tree-planting作宾语，表示“城市居民”可用名词短语urban residents，表示“鼓励某人做某事”可用encourage sb to do sth，和主语urban residents构成被动关系。表示“认养”可用动词adopt；表示“而不是做某事”可用短语rather than do sth。再结合其它句意，故翻译为With steadily decreasing amount of space for tree-planting in the

158、city, urban residents should be encouraged to adopt a tree rather than plant one.75. 人无需沉浸在自怨自怜中, 因为无论你曾经犯过怎样的错，彻底翻转人生永远为时不晚。(regardless of) （汉译英）【答案】There is no need to bury yourself in self-pity or regret(s), for it is never too late to turn your life around, regardless of the (what) mistakes you

159、made in the past.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定句式、短语和定语从句/宾语从句。根据句意，本句选用一般现在时。表示“没必要做某事”用there is no need to do；表示“沉浸于”用bury oneself in；表示“自怨自怜”用self-pity or regret(s)，其中regret既可用作不可数名词，也可用可数名词（用复数表泛指）；表示“因为”用for；表示“彻底翻转人生永远为时不晚”用it作形式主语的句式 it is never too late to turn your life around；表示“无论你曾经犯过怎样的错”用省略关系代词that（

160、指代先行词mistakes在从句中作宾语）的定语从句表达：regardless of the mistakes you made in the past；也可用what（作定语修饰mistakes）引导的宾语从句表达： regardless of what mistakes you made in the past，故翻译为There is no need to bury yourself in self-pity or regret(s), for it is never too late to turn your life around, regardless of the (what)

161、mistakes you made in the past.。VI. Guided Writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.你是明启中学高三学生李华，你的好友王磊因疫情导致留学英国的计划受到影响。他打算在间隔年（gap year）期间，去作志愿者或国内旅游，积累生活阅历。但是王磊父母不支持他的决定。请你写一封邮件给王磊，分享你的看法并说明理由。注：间隔年常指升学或毕业之后工作之前，做一次长期的

162、旅行、实习或作志愿者工作。【答案】Dear Wang Lei, I hear that you plan to do some volunteer work or travel around the country during your gap year. But your parents dont support your decision.I support your idea. The Gap Year will benefit us in many ways. Gap year is a good buffer to the graduates. We are students in

163、 school and severely lack experience of being out of school, and we have no idea how would it be if we enter the society without enough preparations. The gap year will help us make a sound choice of career.No matter how you spend your gap year on travelling or volunteering, you will have special exp

164、erience. You will learn how to socialize, and have the mind opened. You will grow up as an independent, confident, caring and matured person, which will help you to do better in job in the future.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友王磊写一封邮件，分享关于间隔年（gap year）期间该不该出去发表自己的看法并说明理由。【详解】1.词汇积累支持：support

165、 in favor of缺乏：lack sth. be lack of sth.足够的：enough adequate 不知道：have no idea = dont know2.句式拓展简单句变复合句合并简单句原句：The Gap Year will benefit us in many ways. Gap year is a good buffer to the graduates.拓展句：The Gap Year which is a good buffer to the graduates will benefit us in many ways.【点睛】高分句型1 I hear that you plan to do some volunteer work or travel around the country during your gap year. (运用了宾语从句)高分句型2 You will grow up as an independent, confident, caring and matured person, which will help you to do better in job in the future. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)