1、第三节 句子概述一、 句子的特征:句子是含有主语和谓语的有一定意义的一组词。1、 句子必须具有完整的意义、一定的句型结构和一定的语调。2、 句子末尾必须有句子结束的标志:包括句号“.”(不是“。”)问号“?”或感叹号“!”3、 句子开头的第一个字母必须大写。(专有名词在任何位置都大写)4、 完整句子之间不用逗号间隔。并列句用连词连接两个(或以上)句子,用逗号也必须加连词,或用“;”分开;复合句中名词性从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号;非限制性定语从句用逗号分开,限制性定语从句不用;状语从句中从句在主句前,一般用逗号分开,从句在后,一般不用标点符号。二、 句子成分 英语中句子有七种句子成分:1、 主
2、语(subject)是句子中所要说的人或事物,是句子的主要成分,不可缺少,位于句首。The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. (名词作主语)He sent me an E-mail last Friday. (代词作主语)It is a rule for my mother to go shopping on Sundays. (不定式短语作主语)Reading the texts aloud is especially important for Senior Three students. (动名词短语作主语)What the teac
3、her said is very funny. (从句作主语)2、 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态,是句子的主要成分,不可缺少,在主语之后。They said nothing, looking coldly at the teacher in charge of the class. (及物动词作谓语)Classes begin at seven today, we must get up quickly. (不及物动词作谓语) We dont have classes at weekends after reducing learning load. (助动词 + 动词作谓语)I was rea
4、lly anxious. You shouldnt have left without a word. (情态动词 + 动词作谓语)The leaves have turned yellow in autumn. (联系动词 + 表语作谓语)3、 表语用在联系动词的后面,表示主语的身份、性质和特征,位于联系动词之后。Walt Disney was a famous cartoon-maker. (名词作表语)The days in summer are getting hotter and hotter these years. (形容词作表语)The computer in the room
5、 is hers. (代词作表语)My greatest wish is to enter Qinghua University. (不定式短语作表语)Her job is looking after the babies. (动名词短语作表语)The audience was moved by the moving play. (分词作表语)This is what I want to say. (从句作表语) 4、 宾语是及物动词涉及的对象,介词后面的对象也是宾语,称为介词宾语。宾语在及物动词或介词后面。 John doesnt like football but he likes mus
6、ic very much. (名词作宾语) Weve worked out a plan. But Im uncertain whether it will do in practice. (名词作介词的宾语)Tom is a kind man. He is always ready to help others. (代词作宾语)Stop reading and read after me, please. (动名词作宾语)I succeeded in persuading the teacher to give me a day off. (动名词短语作介词的宾语)Dont forget t
7、o turn off the lights when you leave the room. (不定式短语作宾语)The doctor did what he could to save the dying patient. (从句作宾语)5、 定语修饰或限制名词或代词。单词作定语,一般放在被修饰的词语之前;短语或从句作定语,一般放在修饰语之后。Grammar is not a set of dead rules. (形容词作定语)It is a coffee cup. (名词作定语)Our teachers hair has turned grey. (名词所有格作定语)My student
8、s corrected each others mistakes in their classroom. (代词作定语) Be quiet, boys and girls! I have something important to tell you. (不定式短语作定语) There is a sleeping chair before the window. (动名词作定语) I saw a sleeping baby in the room. There is a broken glass beside the bed. (分词作定语) The workers working in th
9、e department will go on holiday. (分词短语作定语) There are fifty-six students in our class. (数词作定语) The woman with a book in his hand is our English teacher. (with的复合结构作定语) The man to whom you spoke is my neighbour. (从句作定语) 6、 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语的位置比较灵活,修饰形容词或副词的状语一般放在被修饰的词之前(enough除外),修饰动词一般置于实意动词之前、联系
10、动词之后、复合谓语中第一个动词之后,若有宾语,一般放在宾语之后。Our monitor studies hard. (副词作状语)They started early (in order) to get to the station on time. (不定式短语作目的状语)To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil. (目的状语放在句首更好)The old man lived to see the rapid development of our country. (不定式短语作结果状语)I dont know w
11、hat to do next. (不定式的复合结构作状语)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (过去分词短语作状语) Looking out of the window, I saw many birds flying in the sky. (现在分词短语作状语)Mr Brown slept with the windows open. (with的复合结构作状语)Well go outing if it is fine tomorrow. (从句作状语)7、 宾语补足语补充说明宾语,使句子意思更加完整。
12、当句子变成被动语态时则称为主语补足语。宾语补足语一般置于宾语之后。Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. (名词作宾补)What he said made his father happy. (形容词作宾补) I asked Jim to attend my birthday party. (不定式短语作宾补) He made me do the work all by myself. (省略to的不定式短语作宾补) Dont have the horse running all the way. (现在分词作宾补) Ill
13、go and get the chair repaired. (过去分词作宾补)第二章 简单句的六种基本句型第一节 主语(S)+ 谓语 (V)一、主谓结构:由 S + Vi .构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如,The sun rises.主语可有修饰语-定语,如,The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语,如,The red sun rises in the east.二、用S + Vi. 结构连词成句。1 the Gulf War, in, break out, August, 1992.2 well, the book, sell.3 the foreign guest, t
14、omorrow, leave.4 get up, Li Liang, every, day, at, six, this year.5 I, can, swim, well, at the age of seven.三、 用S + Vi. 结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。Model: He works. He works in the shop where I used to work every day.1. Peter arrived._2. He dances._3. An old lady was walking._4. The boy will work hard._5. She
15、cried._四、 用S + Vi.结构翻译下列句子。1、你应当努力学习。 2、那天早上我们谈了很多。 3、会议将持续两个小时。 4、在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 5、这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 6、该干点正事。 7、正下着倾盆大雨。 8、他没有通过考试。 9、秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 10、每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 五、 用i.结构写出五个句子。1_2_3_4_5_第二节主语(S)谓语(V)宾语(O)一、主谓宾结构:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语。其中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或及物动词词组。主语和宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 二、用S + Vt. + O结构连
16、词成句。1she, English, study, every, in, day, class.2student, several, the, newspapers, read, in, the, morning.3wash, Mary, hands, just, now, her.4borrow, the, magazine, John, already.5she, watch, movie, now, a.三、用S + Vt. + O结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。Model: I bought a TV set. I bought a color TV set which is mad
17、e in Shenzhen from the shop yesterday.1. Well read the book tomorrow._2. John could pay the piano._3. He received a letter._4 . The policeman caught a thief._5. They killed the girl._四、用S + Vt. + O结构翻译下列句子。1、今天下午我想同你谈谈。 2、这本书他读过多次了。 3、他们成功地完成了计划。 4、你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 5、他支撑着一个大家庭。 6、我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7、Ji
18、m 还不会自己穿衣服。 8、他不知道说什么好。 9、他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 10、他自学日语。五、用S + V + O结构写出五个句子。1_2_3_4_5_六、谓语动词是动词词组,分两种情况: 1、及物动词 + 副词;2、不及物动词 + 介词。1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如:They carried out the plan successfully. 我们还可以说, They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说 As the plan was practical, they carried i
19、t out successfully。类似的动副词组有:point out, carry out(执行), put forward(提出), work out(做出,算出), find out(找出), give up(放弃), give away(赠送,分发), pick up(拣起), put up(挂上), 等。 2. 而含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如,look after(照顾), look at(瞧), look for(寻找), belong to(属于), refer to(参考,提及), think o
20、f(考虑,评价), send for(派人去请), care for(喜欢),suffer from(受之苦), deal with(对付,应付), object to(反对), pay for(付的钱),等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of。In 用作副词,表示“在里面”,“往里进”,“在家”。如,get in(收割),hand in(提交,交进)。用作介词,表示“在地点”, “在范围”, “在方面”。 如,persist in(坚持),succeed in (在成功)。Off用作副词,“关闭”,“隔离,离开”,“去掉”。turn off, switch of
21、f(关掉), ring off(挂断电话), keep off(远离), take off, kick off(踢脱), carry off(运走), put off(推迟), pay off(付清),give off(放出)。用作介词,表示“从下来”。如,get off(下车), fall off(从掉下来).On 用作副词,表示“开”,“走开”,“传递”,“穿戴”。 如,turn on(开),move on(走开), pass on(传递), put on(穿上), have on(穿着)。用作介词,“在上”,“在方面”。work on(从事于), operate on(在上动手术), a
22、gree on(同意)。表示“上车,上船,上”, 如,get on(上车,上船),ride on(骑上)。 表示“依靠”,“以为基础”, “按照”, 如,depend on(依靠),base on(以为基础), feed on(以为食), live on(以为生计)。Over用作副词,表示“翻转”,“翻倒”,如, turn over(打翻,翻倒), push over(推倒). 表示“过一遍”,“仔细”,“遍及”,如,think over(仔细考虑), look over(仔细查看,研究)。 用作介词,“从上越过”,fly over(从上飞过), jump over(从上跳过). go ove
23、r(越过,横过)。 表示“为了”,“由于”,如,quarrel over(为争吵),cry over(因哭泣), go over(检查,复习).附:许多由及物动词 + 名词 + 介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语,如:pay attention to(注意), catch hold of(抓住,握住), catch sight of(看见,发现),do harm to(对有害), get rid of(排除,除去), make fun of(取笑,嘲笑), put (ones) heart into(专心于), say hello to(打招呼), sing praise for(赞扬,),ta
24、ke care of(照顾), take part in(参加), take pride in(以自豪,骄傲)。七、用动词词组结构翻译下列句子。1、我不信任那个人。 2、他指出了我的作文中的错误。 3、圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。 4、你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。 5、五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。 6、他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。 7、沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 8、写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。 9、脱掉你的外套,走前再穿。 10、我们必须派人去请医生 八、用S + V + O结构写出六个句子。(谓语用动词词组)1_2_3_4_5_6_第三节主语(S)系动词(Link. V)表语
25、(P)一、主系表结构: 主语 + 系动词 + 表语,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。常用系动词: (1)表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. (2)表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. (3)表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.二、用S + Link. V + P结构连词成句。1be, Jim, a, French, boy.2John, a worker, become, 1
26、999, in.3turn, wheat, in, summer, yellow.4his, grow, hair, grey.5she, beautiful, look, more, before, than.三、用S + Link. V + P结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。Model: John is in class. John is in his class with his classmate named Mike.1. Watt is a doctor._2. The student is busy._3. The material feels soft._4. The day
27、 becomes warm._5. He turned doctor._四、用S + Link. V + P结构翻译下列句子。1、我的兄弟都是大学生。 2、冬季白天短,夜晚长。 3、布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4、十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 5、孩子们,请保持安静。 6、这本书是有关美国历史的书。 7、她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8、他失业了。 9、树叶已经变黄了。 10、这个报告听起来很有意思。 五、用S + Link. V + P结构写出五个句子。1_2_3_4_5_ 第四节 主语+谓语+间接宾语(I.O.)+直接宾语(D.O.)一、双宾语结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语(人)
28、+ 直接宾语(事物)组成。如,He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for,如:He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, p
29、romise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 (需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。二、用S + V + I.O. + D.O. 结构连词成句。1he, write, some, Alice, letters, yesterday.2her, buy, Mary, mother, an, ice cream, just, now.3Peter, lend, some, money, me, this
30、, morning.4teach, often, Mr Wang, us, play, the, piano.5Mr King, some, advice, me, give, how, on, to learn, English.三、用S + V + I.O. + D.O. 结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。Model: The teacher told us a story. The teacher told us a funny story that was written by Jack about Einstein.1. He passed me a coffee. _2. Li P
31、ing showed me a picture. _3. My father bought me a car. _4. His mother gives him five yuan. _四、用S + V + I.O. + D.O. 结构翻译下列句子,然后用“to,for”转换句型。1、Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2、Mary把钱包交给校长了。 3、请把那本字典递给我好吗? 4、他把车票给列车员看。 5、这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 6、我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 7、Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 8、请你给我弄一本新的,好吗? 9、我替你叫辆出租汽
32、车好吗?10、新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。五、用S + V + I.O. + D.O. 结构写出五个句子。1_2_3_4_5_第五节 主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+宾补(O.C.)一、复合宾语结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾补有逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾补,则句意不完整。可以作宾补的有,名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词。如, The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut.用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾补的后面,是英语常用句型。即主 + 谓
33、 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如, I found it very pleasant to be with your family.二、用S + V + O + O.C. 结构连词成句。1. I, my, have, watch, repair.2. see, I, her, carry, to, the, hospital, a, baby.3. teacher, the, call on, to, us, learn, well, English.4. they, the, workers, make, work, day and night.5. they, Li Hua, cho
34、ose, their, monitor.三、用S + V + O + O.C. 结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。1. They elected Bush president. _2. He left her baby alone. _3. We watched the boys playing. _4. I wanted the house painted. _四、用S + V + O + O.C. 结构改写句子。Model: They chose me. I am the chairman of the meeting. - They chose me chairman of the me
35、eting1. They called me. I am the hero of town.2. She cut her hair. It is short now.3. I want somebody to paint the door red.4. We saw the leaves. They were falling to the ground.5. He heard the dog. It was barking.6. Im going to have the barber cut my hair.五、用S + V + O + O.C. 结构翻译下列句子。1、我们叫她Alice. 2
36、、他的父母给他取名为John. 3、我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4、他们把门推开了。 5、他们把小偷释放了。 6、我们要使学校变得更美丽。 7、他请我们参加做游戏。 8、我要你把真相告诉我。 9、卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10、明天我要找人来修理机器。 11、每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12、痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 13、我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14、他每个月理一次发。 15、我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16、那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 17、她正在听人家讲故事。 18、男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 19、我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20、他感到很难跟你交谈。 21、我想乘船去那里
37、更舒服些。 22、我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 23、学校定了条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。 24、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 25、John尽最大的努力使他的妻子幸福。六、用S + V + O + O.C. 结构写出五个句子。1_2_3_4_5_第六节 there be + 主语 + 其他成分一、There be结构:由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成,表达存在“有”,一种无主语的“有”。它实际上是倒装句的一种,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语意。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态变化。如: 现在有 there is/are 过去有
38、 there was/were 将来有 there will be there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist,
39、arrive,等。表示有主语的“拥有,所有”用have。二、用 there be结构连词成句。1. there, be, books a few, the table, on.2. there be, in, a lot of, the classroom, students, last term.3. many, here, there be, buses, yesterday.4. there be, milk, little, that, in, glass, left.5. there, an old man, live, long ago.6. be, there, a, party
40、, be, tomorrow.7. there be, books, any, not, on, yesterday, the table.8. an, be, exam, there, of, this, course, at, the, end.9. there be, snow, on, used to, the, ground, yesterday.10. there, a, pole, stand, the, yard, in三、用there be 结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。1. There is a cat. _2. There lived a man. _3. There
41、 are three cows and a dog. _4. There was nobody. _5. There seems to be no meeting. _四、用There be 结构翻译句子。1、今晚没有会。 2、这个村子过去只有一口井。 3、这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4、客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 5、天气预报说下午有大风。 6、灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。 7、战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8、恰好那时房里没人。 9、从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10、公共汽车来了。 11、就只剩下二十八美元了。 12、在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。 13、
42、铃响了。 14、二月份有二十八天。 15、周末将有一场外国电影。五、用 There be 结构写出五个句子。第三章 并列句和复合句第一节 并列句一、并列句:简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句 并列连词(或连接副词)按意义可分以下四类:1、 连接概念:and, so, bothand, not onlybut (also),neithernor, therefore.We were in the same class, and we become close friends.2、 选择概念:or, otherwise, eitheror, or else. Work hard, or you wi
43、ll fail in the Mid-term exam.3、 矛盾概念:but, while, however, yet, still. We have made some progress, but we still have a long way to go.4、 说明概念:for. He ran all the way, for he was in a great hurry.二、填入恰当的并列连词。1 Hurry up, _ youll miss the first bus.2 Youll be late _ you will be scolded.3 Id like to go t
44、o the movies, _ Im too busy this evening.4 I thought she has gone to Changsha, _, in fact, she has gone to Beijing.5 Work hard, _ youll pass the NMET in July.6 We had hoped to see the play, _ we couldnt get the tickets.7 This word may be used both as a noun _ as a verb.8 Come early, _ you wont get a
45、nything to eat.9 You must be tired, _ you have worked till the east is red.10 I was about to go shopping _ it began to rain.三、把下列简单句变为并列句。1 She hit him in the face. He hit her on the nose.2 He failed many times. He did not lose heart.3 Mary was happy. Alice was very sad.4 John came in the room. He s
46、at down.5 Mary wants tea. Ill have coffee.四、将下列各组词连结成并列句。1 he, to, go, want, he, but, cant.2 want, he, to, lie, and, down, sleep.3 Mary, a, new, buy, car, and, do, Helen, too.4 he, a book, buy, two pens, and, some paper.5 I, Mary, see, but, Alice, not.6 you, prefer, do , to eat, in, a , restaurant,
47、at, home, or?7 like, I, my, coffee, with, cream, without, sugar, but.8 Mary, read, can, Spanish, she, but, speak, cant, it.9 we, see, the movie, didnt, we, but, should.10 John, tired, be, and hungry, very.五、扩写下列句子。1 Mary is reading and I am reading, too.2 Mr Black was ill, so Miss Gao was taking his
48、 class instead.3 Zhang Ying likes English, but he needs help.4 You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year.5 You are sitting, while I am standing.六、用并列句翻译下列句子。1. 他看过书了,还做了许多笔记。2. 我坐下来,开始做家庭作业。3. John 会讲德语,Mary 也会讲。4. 老师问了我一个问题,我不会回答。5. 我没出去,呆在家里看书。6. 他不抽烟,不喝酒。7. 他整日玩,什麽也
49、不干。8. 她什麽也不要,只要一辆小汽车。9. 他不仅是个战士,而且还是个诗人。10. 我不仅喜爱运动,而且还喜欢音乐。11. 不是你疯了,就是我疯了。12. 你可以坐火车去,也可以乘飞机去。13. 昨夜想必下了雨,因为路是湿的。14. 因为昨夜下了雨,所以路是湿的。15. 这个市镇虽小,却没有污染。16. 我们在温习功课,而他却在看小说。17. 我正要去睡,这时电话铃响了起来。18. 加拿大不仅说英语,而且说法语。19. 我直到半夜才睡着。我一直睡到中午。20. 我还没停下来,她就开始讲上了。 直到我停下来,她才开始讲。七、写出五个含并列句的句子。1_2_3_4_5_第二节 名词性从句复合句
50、是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成。主句是句子的主体,从句只是句子的一个成分,不能单独使用。从句通常有关联词,并由关联词将主句和从句连接起来。英语中从句由三类:名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性从句。从句的结构通常是:关联词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它成分。一、名词性从句 (noun clause)包括:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句均可由that引导 (that不做从句中的任何成分,也没有词义;而what即做成分,又有词义。),除了同位语从句可用that, how, when, where引导外,其他三种从句都可以用that, whether, if (主语从句、表
51、语从句不用), who, what, which, when, where, how, why引导。名词性从句均用陈述语序,不能用逗号与主句分开。一)主语从句 (subject clause)一个句子做复合句中主句的主语。 1、关联词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它 | + 主句谓语 + 其它 What I have done has nothing to do with you. 2、it is + adj. / 现在分词 + 主语从句 It is surprising that Tom isnt here today. It is strange (that) he hasnt answer
52、ed your letter. 3、it is + a + (+ adj.) n + 主语从句 Its a pity (that) he cant come with me. Its a good thing that we have been reduced learning load. 二)表语从句 (predictive clause)一个句子做复合句中主句的表语,位于主句中联系动词的后面。Thats why she is so happy.That is what I know.The reason for his being late is that he has worked to
53、o late last night. 三)宾语从句(object clause)一个句子做复合句中主句的宾语,除做动词的宾语外,宾语从句也可做介词、非谓语动词和某些形容词的宾语。1、动词和介词的宾语从句 I want to know how you are getting on with your English. I was frightened at what he said. He pointed out that I made a mistake.2、非谓语动词的宾语 Knowing that it was going to rain, they put the sports meet
54、 off till next Saturday. I am very pleased that you have come to see me.4、 形容词的宾语从句Im sorry (that) I got up too late this morning. 四)同位语从句 用在某些名词(idea, news, fact, promise, report, hope)的后面,用来说明该名词的具体内容(若是修饰或限制这些名词,就变成了定语从句)。 We heard the news that our football team had won. You have no idea how wor
55、ried I was! That fact that he had stolen the money surprised everybody.二、名词性从句训练1、用主语从句连成句子。1)who, be, the, work, do, unknown.2)she, choose, be, that, make, very, us, happy.3)its, that, a pity, you, the, game, lose.4)too, its, bad, cant, you, that, come.5)perfect, what, do, be.2、写出五个含有主语从句的句子。1_2_3_
56、4_5_3、用表语从句连成句子。1)be, that, she, be, why, happy, so.2)what, be, that, I, want, know, to3)as if, be going to, it, it, look, rain.4)that, why, be, she, late, be.5)that, how, we, be, it, do.4、写出五个含有表语从句的句子。1_2_3_4_5_5、用宾语从句连成句子。1)ask, she, I, why, to, go, want.2)I, Li Ping, know, where, be.3)be, I, sur
57、prise, what, at, say, he.4)he, explain, what, happen.5)I, what, see, you, do.6、写出五个含有宾语从句的句子。1_2_3_4_5_7、用同位语从句连成句子。1)hear, we, the, news, Tom, that, kill, the accident, in.2)you, no, have, idea, how, I, worry, be.3)that, he, not, say, anything, surprise, everybody, the, fact.4)make, I, I, I, promis
58、e, if, that, a, see, her, her, kill, will, at once.5)I, no, idea, where, she, go.8、写出五个含有同位语从句的句子。1_2_3_4_5_9、用名词性从句翻译下列句子。1) 他目前最需要的是经验。2) 真遗憾她的腿受伤了。3) 这就是我们的分歧所在。4) 我们应当牢记在心的是我国是一个发展中国家。5) 我想了解一下他是如何发明这台机器的。6) 理解是我们当前最需要的。7) 我问了服务员李同志住在那一间房子。8) 我想知道你最喜欢那首歌。9) 这个黑人告诉中国客人他的儿子失业了。10) 事实是他并没有按时来。11) 他
59、们在那里所看到的给他们留下了深刻的印象。12) 问题是掌握一门外语需要多长时间。13) 你知道改革开放是那一年开始的吗?14) 他们还没有决定是否去长城。15) 我觉得这个售货员不是的诚实的人。第三节 形容词性从句一、形容词性从句即定语从句,是一个句子修饰主句中的某一名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后。 定语从句结构: 主句中的先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有 who ( whom, whose), which, that; 关系副词有 when, where, why。The man whom you saw is a famous s
60、cientist.This is the house where he used to live.二、把下列两个句子合并成一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。1) The actors have just arrived. They are going to put on a play.2) China joined WTO. The day is a great day.3) Jane was looking after her grandmother. She suddenly fell ill.4) Do you know the fat boy? He is interested in sw
61、imming.5) This is a beautiful skirt. She bought it for her daughter.6) This is a small river. I used to swim there in my childhood.7) The company has 2000 workers. Two thirds of the workers are women.8) Xiao Ming raised a hard question. Do you have anything to say about it?9) I still remember the da
62、y. My teacher came to my house.10) There is a supermarket near here. We can buy daily foods there.三、用下列各词连结成含有定语从句的主从复合句。1) he, the engineer, be, help, often, us, who.2) The, walkman, well, sell, which, make, your company.3) Mrs Brown, the woman, daughter, whose, meet, you, be.4) I, remember, still,
63、 when, the day, join, the League, I.5) visit, I, I, the town, where, five years, ago, live.四、用定语从句翻译下列句子。1) 这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。2) 这是我曾经住过的村庄。3) 正在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。4) 全心全意为人民的人应当受到尊重。5) 应当做的事情都已经做了。6) 他失败的原因是他粗心大意。7) 他用来写字的钢笔丢了。8) 你去过毛泽东出生的那间小屋吗?9) 今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。10) 老师把老外介绍给我,他就是著名的教授。第四节 副词性从句副词性从句即状语从句,是修
64、饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子。状语从句由从属连词引导,其位置可放在句首或者句末,状语从句在句首时,从句后常用逗号,放在句尾时,从句前往往不用逗号。一、状语从句根据其含义可分为八类:1、时间状语从句,由 when, as, while, after, before, as soon as, since, till (until), whenever引导。 When my mother came back from work, I was watching TV. I have been to Changsha many times since I came to Zhuzhou. I
65、 waited till / until she came back. I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.2、地点状语从句,由where, wherever引导。 Put the book where it belongs. Ill try my best to find you wherever you go.3、原因状语从句,由because, since, as, now that引导。Because和so不能同时用在一个句子中。 I was angry with my teacher because she said that
66、 I was not honest in the exam. Now that everybody is here, lets begin our discussion.4、目的状语从句,由so that, in order that, that引导。 I got up early (so) that I might arrive in time. I write two sentences every day so that I can do well in writing.5、结果状语从句,由so that(结果), sothat(如此以至于)引导。 All of us worked ha
67、rd, so that we carried out the plan successfully. He is so nice that we all like him.6、比较(方式)状语从句,由as(正如),than, asas, not as(so)as, as if /though(好像,宛如), the morethe more引导。 Guilin is as beautiful as Hangzhou. Their room is not so large as ours. Canada is a little bigger than the United States.7、让步状
68、语从句,由though, although, even if, however, whatever, whoever, no matter等引导。 Although the farm is large, my father only employs two men working for him. (不能与but连用) However hard I tried, I cant pronounce the word properly. Child as he is, he knows a lot.8、条件状语从句,由if, unless, as (so) long as (只要) 引导。 If
69、you come with me, youll find him at once. Unless you taste it yourself, youll never enjoy it.二、用状语从句连接下列句子。1) the air, when, move, call, it, wind.2) the workers, get to, as soon as, they, get down, the shop, to work.3) you, you, wherever, work, always, must, serve heart and soul, the people.4) the w
70、ork, imagine, be, you, not, as, so, easy.5) the teacher, slowly, speak, can, so that, the students, understand, her.三、将下列句子译成含有状语从句的句子。1) 姑娘们一边跳舞一边唱歌。2) 他讲英语和英国人一样好。3) 如果票卖完了,请给我打个电话。4) 这个问题太难了,没有一个学生能做得出来。5) 她要把这本书看完才借给我。6) 把烟戒了,这样你就会身体健康。7) 虽然他以六十多岁,但他仍身强力壮。8) 无论你做什么,都与我无关。9) 你应当按照要求的那样去做。10) 雨一停他
71、们就继续往前走。四、写出十个含有状语从句的句子。1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_9_10_第四章 词语搭配第一节 名词冠词考生在书面表达中最大的问题是写出“中文式英语”,即母语对表达的干扰巨大。这种情况尤其集中表现在英语中有而中文内无的语言现象上。如英语有冠词问题,在说汉语写中文时没有冠词,所以我们考生写英语句子时不是忘了加冠词就是胡乱加,另外还要注意名词的单复数形式变化以及和谓语的关系。一、改正下列句子中的名词或冠词错误。1 There are only ten doctor in a hospital.2 Girl was writing to her parent.3 He is one
72、 of my best friend here.4 Leave turn green in the spring.5 I need pencil, some envelope and a piece of paper.6 Book there is English dictionary.7 She used to be teacher till she turned a writer.8 The history gives us knowledge of past events.9 They accepted a invitation without a question.10 The pap
73、ers for books and newspapers is made of woods.11 Can you give me any informations and advice on a matter?12 The news are good for all of us.13 We go to the school by bikes at six every morning.二、翻译下列句子,注意名词和冠词的用法。1. 孩子们常问我们许多问题。2. 孩子们常问父母们许多问题。3. 我和哥哥是解放军(PLA men)。4. 警察要这个人出示证件。5. Tom 是两个人里面较高的一个。6.
74、 看那边的两个男孩,左边的那个是我弟弟,右边的是我的一个同学。7. John的父亲是工人。8. 牛是有用的动物。9. 他住在学校附近。10. 昨天他感冒了。11. 下午三时,全体学生将在校门口集合,欢迎美国学生。12. 美国学生将参观图书馆,校办厂,实验楼,教学楼和游泳池。13. 学生会将举办晚会来欢迎美国朋友。14. 讲座内容是“美国教育”。15. 除英语外,我的其他功课也很好。16. 美籍教师 Black 夫妇将来班里与学生座谈。17. Alice 买了些蔬菜,但她没买水果。18. 再来点咖啡好吗?19. 你能给我提些建议吗?20. 我父亲是英语教师,我母亲是打字员。第二节 代词中文的“我
75、,你,他”没有“格”的变化,但英语的“我,你,他”有主格,宾格,反身代词等形式变化,还有名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词之分。写英语句子时要特别小心。再有,英语的一些不定代词的用法也是很麻烦的,使用时应处处都要留神。一、改正下列句子中的代词错误。1 The students in we class work harder.2 The book in yours bag is new.3 There are any boys in the street.4 How will you do with this old photos?5 Well clean our room first and t
76、heir later.6 She didnt make that clear that she wanted to go alone.7 His brother hit hers in the face.8 Mr Zhang teaches our English.9 There isnt some milk in the glass.10 There are no one in the classroom.11 I see she in the classroom and she sees me.12 He taught myself English.13 The days in summe
77、r are longer than that in winter.14 I have a few money about me.15 I have two books. One is in English and another is in Japanese.二、翻译下列句子,注意代词的用法。1. 她是个好医生,我们都喜欢她。2. 谁教你们英语? 你们英语老师不在这里。3. 这是一本字典,我昨天买的。4. 他们学校没有我们的大。5. 这个钱包是他的。这个钱包是属于他的。6. 邮局在这条街的那一边。7. 他们每隔一年去一次美国。8. 其它照片在哪里?9. 你有其它有关这个问题的书吗?10. 有些
78、是红色的,另有一些是褐色的。11. 有些是红色的,其它的都是褐色的。12. 她在自学英语。13. 我们当中几乎没有人认识他。第三节 形容词和副词汉语中修饰名词的“好”与修饰动词的“好”写法一样。但在英语中一个要用good, 而另一个要用well。汉语的“比较好”,英语要说better, “最好”是best。 这又是我们写英语句子时容易出错之处。一、改正下列句子中的形容词或副词错误。1 She is a well student. She sets us a fine example.2 I am sorry I am busily now.3 Its a good car, comfortab
79、ly and easily to drive.4 I have important something to tell you.5 After summer vacation she looked health and strong.6 He is usually happy than his brother.7 He looks as weaker as before.8 They are getting oldest and oldest.9 Of all the pupils he is more clever.10 My teacher encourages me to hard st
80、udy.11 I am enough strong to lift the bag.12 My sister speaks English good.二、翻译下列句子,注意形容词和副词的用法。1. 她是个好的钢琴演奏者,她钢琴弹得很好。2. 他很仔细认真。 他总是仔细认真地做作业。3. 这个练习很容易,你可以容易地做完。4. 这个孩子选了两个玩具中较贵的那个。5. 上海是亚洲最大的城市之一。6. 这本书比那一本更有趣。7. 我的书包比你的重。8. 他跑得越来越快。9. 我越想越高兴。10. 冬天北方比南方冷。11. 李平说话不象你那样快。12. 历史和地理一样有趣,但比地理难。13. 我们对英
81、语越来越感兴趣。第四节 谓语动词英语中动词的诸多变化是我们中文所没有的。从初一年级的 I am, you are, he is, she is, we are, you are, they are 到后来的动词的时态,语态, 助动词,疑问句式,以至于到高中的语气,非谓语动词等,都是中文里没有的语言现象。我们与英语动词整整纠缠了六年,到现在还能见到全篇都是原形动词的作文。这因为我们没有要重视动词形式的意识,没养成正确的表达习惯。无论你写什么句子,不可缺少主语和谓语,有谓语动词就会涉及人称、数、时态、语态、及物动词和不及物动词等的形式变化和用法,所以写任何一个句子都要考虑这些因素。一、改正下列句子
82、中的动词形式错误。1 The teacher always take good care of us.2 If it isnt rain tomorrow, Ill call on you.3 He will wrote back as soon as he get your letter.4 Two hundred dollars give Jack much help.5 He has left here a few days ago.6 The book wrote in the eighth century.7 You must went there on time.8 I wasnt
83、 catch what he said at the meeting.9 He finished his homework three hours before.10 There is going to is a class meeting.11 We are have a test sometime next week.12 They wanted to know when you will start the trip.13 My brother is learn to drive a car.14 He has joined the League for three years.15 W
84、e learned 2000 words more or less.16 I havent seen you for 1998.17 Toms father has died for twenty years.18 The bridge is been built over there.19 When have you come here?20 She has hoping to go be Beijing University.二、翻译下列句子,注意动词形式的变化。1. 他天天洗衣服吗? 不,他通常隔天洗衣服。2. 这几天我在看一本有趣的小说。3. 他从来不说谎。4 我们每周上四节英语课。现
85、在我们正在上英语课。5. 你们上星期忙吗? 不,不忙。6. 昨天下午妈妈跟我的英语老师谈了话。7. 上周三几位外国朋友来我校,他们与我们班每个人握了手。8. 五十七年前毛主席在这个房间里住过。9. 学生们在哪里? 他们都去游泳了。10. 从早晨起我就没吃过东西。11. 这个电影你看过没有? 我看过了,是在南京看的。12. 上海是1949年5月解放的。13. 病人应立即送医院。14. 约翰问我是否收到他的信了。15. 他没告诉我他住在什麽地方。16. 假如下雨的话,我们不去公园。17. 他年轻时游泳游得很好。18. 小红到苏州去了。你到过苏州吗?19. 他一回来,我就告诉他这个消息。20. 你结
86、婚了吗?21. 明天他们去博物馆吗?22. Jim 不是从英国来的。23. Mary 昨天做家庭作业了吗?24. Peter 昨天晚上没看电视。25. 昨夜我等了你好长时间。26. 有人在敲门。27. 这本字典我已经买了两年了。28. 这里可以修理这台收音机吗?29. 在澳大利亚也说英语。30. 小偷已被学生们抓住了。第五节 非谓语动词动词不定式,动名词,分词是非谓语动词形式,中国学生更不习惯。英语中两个动词不能直接连用,其中一个必须变成非谓语动词(help除外)。动词不作谓语,就要用非谓语动词,其中许多用法在英语中就是固定搭配、习惯用法,我们只有多记、多练,才能形成习惯,避免错误。一、改正下
87、列句子中的非谓语动词错误。1 Read books is a good way of learning.2 Its easy talk but difficult to do.3 He doesnt like be praised.4 Ive got used to do this kind of work.5 Have finished write the story?6 Thank you for gave me so much help.7 I dont know what do.8 He felt his heart beat hard.9 I had this picture tak
88、e in 1999.10 They decided let you lead the group.二、翻译下列句子,注意非谓语动词的变化。1. 我想借一本书。2. 他忘记把那些工具带来了。3. 医生叫你别抽烟。4. 他答应不再迟到。5. 他在一家儿童医院工作,他的工作是为孩子准备饭食。6. 今天下午我有许多事情要做。7. 这孩子已到了上学年龄。8. 这桌子需要修理。9. 他非常喜欢游泳。10. 她建议放学后打扫教室。11. 我不介意坐后座。12. 他的报告激动人心。 我们激动极了。13. 听到铃声,我们立即走进教室。14. 站在校门口,他们看到一辆公共汽车开过来了。15. 她对这项工作很感兴趣。16. 他们对你的报告很满意。17. 他看见一个人被汽车撞倒了。18. 我们停下来休息一下吧。19. 我不能决定借那本书。20. 我不知道怎样回答这个问题。21. 我们要请人把机器修好。22. 那老板让工人们整天不停地干活。23. 那位老人请一位年轻人扶他上公共汽车。24. 他们围桌而坐,又说又笑。25. 我常听那女孩唱英语歌。我看见那孩子正在爬树。三、写出五个含有非谓语动词的句子。