1、走向高考 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版(课标卷地区)高考总复习 基础知识聚焦第一部分 解题策略(四)短文改错之高效解题模型第一部分 1“不一致性”错误主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。【例1】(2013陕西卷)Within the next few minute,my grandfather also caught a fish.解析：此句是名词的单、复数不一致错误。minute由few修饰，故应用复数形式。【例2】(2013四川卷)I didnt cheat.I was just helping a friend
2、.Why does she punish me?解析：此句是时态不一致错误。由于整个故事是发生在过去，故does改为did。【例3】(2013辽宁卷)I was eager to see him,but outside her room I stopped.解析：此句是代词指代不一致错误。指代Mr.Johnson，故应该把her改为his。2“行文逻辑”错误这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词)，复合句(从属连词)；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。【例4】(2
3、013陕西卷)I wanted to give up,and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.解析：此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意可知，前后分句之间是转折关系，故and改为but。【例5】(2013四川卷)We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.解析：此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意“她警告我们不要再作弊，否则她要告知我们的父母”可知，此处应把so改为or。3“平行结构”错误平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。
4、在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and，but，or或连词词组not only.but also.，not.but.，either.or.，neither.nor.，as well as等。【例6】(2012全国)For example,how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there?解析：此句是谓语不
5、平行错误。根据句法，leave在时态上应和walked保持一致，故leave改为left。【例 7】Do some nice things for your parents.like cooking,doing the dishing,or clean the floors.解 析：此 句 是 宾 语 不 平 行 错 误。根 据 句 法，clean和cooking,doing一样作介词like的宾语，故clean改为cleaning。【例8】On the other hand,40%think that fees should be charged because you need money
6、 to pay gardeners and other workers,and buy plants and young trees.解析：此句是状语不平行错误。根据句法，buy应和to pay gardeners保持一致，故buy前加to。4“词性、词形”错误主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。【例9】(2013陕西卷)After waiting for about half an hour,I was beginning to get impatiently.解析：此句是词
7、性错误。get是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，故impatiently改为impatient。【例10】(2013新课标全国卷)He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town.解析：此句是词性错误。根据句意“他深沉的声音把他和别人区别开来”可知，himself应改为him。【例11】(2013新课标全国卷)In fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.解析：
8、此句是词性错误。during是介词，不能接从句，故该during为when。5“动词的变化”错误主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。【例12】(2013四川卷)Mary,my best friend,asking me to let her to copy my answers.解析：此句是谓语动词错误。由句式结构可知，本句需要谓语动词，结合上下文语境可知asking应改为asked。【例13】(2013陕西卷)Felt hungry,we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.解析：此句
9、是非谓语动词错误。feel是感官动词，无被动语态，此处用非谓语动词形式作状语，Felt改为Feeling。【例14】(2013四川卷)After think for some time,I let her copy my answers.解析：此句是非谓语动词错误。介词after后应跟动名词，故think改为thinking。6“特殊疑问词”“连词”和“引导词”错误，特别是which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。【例15】(2013大纲全国卷)This is how I need to improve in the future.解析：此句是引导词错误。
10、根据句意“这是我将来所需要提高的地方”可知，how应改为what或where.【例16】(2013辽宁卷)That is which other teachers say.解析：此句是引导词错误。表示其他老师的说话内容要用what，what引导表语从句并作say的宾语。7“多词”错误多词错误一般有如下几种类型：1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；3)介词多余；4)助动词、系动词多余；5)多冠词；6)定语从句中的成分重复；7)程度副词和频率副词，如much,more,often等的多余；8)多余小品词to等。【例17】(2012陕西卷)As soon a
11、s we arrived,so we dropped the lines into the water.解析：此句是连词多余错误。本句是主从复合句，从句中已经含有连词as soon as，所以主句中不需加并列连词，故去掉so。【例18】(2013大纲全国卷)My mother is very much kind and is friendly to everybody.解析：此句是副词多余错误。much不能修饰形容词原级，本句也无比较意义，故去掉much。8“缺词”错误缺词现象常见有：1)缺系动词；2)缺介词；3)缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；4)在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；5)缺连接词；6)缺否定词；7)缺不定式符号to等。【例19】(2013四川卷)The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test.解析：此句是定冠词缺失错误。same要和定冠词the 连用，故加the。【例20】(2013大纲全国卷)Ill think quickly and stand to answer.解析：此句是副词缺失错误。根据句意“站起来回答问题”，故在stand 后加up。
