1、十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编-情态动词与虚拟语气u 情态动词在高考中的考查重点：1.考查情态动词的基本用法shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等；may表示“允许、可以”，语气比较委婉。must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”，mustnt表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot 表示“不可能”；need not 表示“不必要”；may not 表示“可能不，可以不”。neednt表示“没有必要”would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用wa
2、s/were able to,而不能用could；could还可以表示过去的某种能力考查情态动词用作答语的情况2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”；按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱，译为“也许”。否定的推测：语气不很肯定时，常用may not,might not或could not，译为“可能不”“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情
3、色彩疑问句中推测往往用can或could3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法should(ought to)+不定式的完成式：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。neednt+不定式的完成式：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味u 虚拟语气在高考中的考查重点：1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句2.虚拟语气的活用 时间错综虚拟结构 省略if的虚拟结构 并列连词或副词暗示的
4、虚拟结构 介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构 as if / as though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 分词短语暗示的虚拟结构上下文语境中的虚拟结构 10安徽Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been答案D考点本题考查情态动词推测用法。解析句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have b
5、een表示对过去事情的肯定推测。10安徽Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy答案A考点本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。10湖南You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to答案D考点本题考查情态动词。解析dont have to 意为
6、“没有必要”, 符合语境, 句意为：“你没有必要买礼物, 但如果你想买的话, 你也可以买。”10湖南If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow答案C考点考查虚拟语气。解析根据 “wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。10江西I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Wil
7、l答案A考点考查情态动词的用法。解析must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？10山东I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意应为 “我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示 “本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn
8、t have done, 所以A项正确。10天津Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt答案A考点考查情态动词。解析句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后, 他早半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境, 提前半个小时到达, 说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙, 所以用neednt have done 结构, 表示 “本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。10天津John went to the hospital
9、 alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 答案D考点考查虚拟语气。解析句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。10四川 I take the book out? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mIm afraid not.A. Will B. M
10、ay C. Must D. Need答案B考点考查情态动词。解析表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为： “我可以将这本书带出去吗？” “恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。10全国Just be patient .You _ expect the world to change so soon .A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether答案A考点考查情态动词。解析句意：耐心一点儿, 你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考查情态动词, cant在否定句中可以表示推测, 译为
11、不可能,可以表示能力, 译为不能够, 也可以表示命令, 不允许, 但是语气比mustnt弱, 具有劝慰的意思, 根据句意此题中选择A, cant表示劝慰。10江苏I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_答案B考点考查情态动词。解析shall在第二人称中表示允诺, 还可以表示强制, 命令, 威胁, 警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定
12、。10江苏George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案B考点本题考查虚拟语气。解析would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式10陕西May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B
13、. wont C. neednt D. mustnt答案D考点考查情态动词。解析英语中用could, might表示询问或征求意见的问句中, 肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might, 而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt, 故本题选D。10陕西If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken答案B考点考查虚拟语气。解析所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的
14、谓语动词形式might have ar rived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选B。10全国Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt答案A考点情态动词考查。解析结合语境, 根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时, 要用cant。10湖北Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _（不可能做到）because the ocean in be
15、tween is too wide. (do)答案cant/ couldnt have done it考点情态动词解析当要对过去进行肯定的推测时, 要用 “cant/couldnt+have+done”的结构10湖北Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)答案(should) be discussed考点本题考查虚拟语气。解析“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”
16、。10辽宁Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may答案C考点考查情态动词。解析句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要, 但是必须是有规律的锻炼。Can一般表示 “可能, 或能力”；will表示 “意志”；may表示 “许可, 可能”；must表示 “必须”。10北京-Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -
17、Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can答案B考点本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用。解析第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约, 那下面的人就回应说, 那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了因此排除A, C, D10北京-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B.
18、 didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died 答案D考点本题考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟。解析第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died.If+ had done, 主句为couldnt/ shouldnt/ wouldnt have done.10浙江Had I known about this
19、 computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved答案A考点本题考查虚拟语气。解析根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。10浙江 “You _ have a wron
20、g number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would答案C考点本题考查情态动词。解析肯定的猜测, 用must10上海-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt答案C考点本题考查的是虚拟语气解析此处表示和过去事实
21、相反的情况, 应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做, 而未做10重庆You park here! Its an emergency exit. A. wouldntB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt答案D考点本题考查情态动词。解析由后面的 “这是一个紧急出口”可知, 这儿是禁止某人停车, 所以用mustnt表示禁止某人做某事。符合语境。09安徽Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.A. must B. may C
22、. should D. would答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析有些人不喜欢讲话are not necessarily shy, 他们可能是安静的人, 表示 “可能”之意。09北京One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. must C. should D. can答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析关于英语的话题中, 你绝对有把握谈论的极少几个话题之一, 就是很多时候都在谈论天气。09湖
23、南 Its the office! So you know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry.A. must B. will C. may D. need答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示 “绝不”的意思。09海南What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析你这是什么意思, 只有十张票吗?应该有十二人
24、。should表示 “应该, 应当”。09上海It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should答案C考点考查情态动词表推测。解析通过意思我们知道是表示可能的推测, 而且是过去的可能, 表达的是一定是.比较肯定的推测, 所以我们用must have done 的形式。09四川I dont care what people think.Well, you _A. could B. would C. should D. might答案
25、C考点考查情态动词的用法。解析答话的人提了一个建议你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议, 所以答案为：C09天津This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might答案B考点考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：这个打印机的质量很好, 如果在一年内出现故障, 我们将免费维修。 09重庆Hi, Tom. AnyideawhereJaneis?S
26、he_intheclassroom. Isawhertherejustnow.A. shallbe B. shouldhavebeenC. mustbe D. mighthavebeen答案C考点考查情态动词表推测的用法。解析根据题意, 我刚刚看见她在教室, 可以肯定推测她一定在那儿。09全国III cant leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back.A. can B. must C. will D. may答案B考点考查情态动词的用法。解析根据前文, “我不能走”, 可以判断她告诉我 “必须”呆在这儿。09江苏He di
27、d not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed答案C考点虚拟语气。解析could have expressed it differently.他要是用另一种方式来说该多好呀。09福建But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competit
28、ion.A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won答案B考点虚拟语气。解析此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构, 故选B。08全国Lizawell not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行她讨厌旅行。may well很可能, 极有可能, 表示猜测。
29、当表示猜测时, will和can不能与well连用, must只能用于肯定句中。08北京John promised his doctor henot smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为:约翰答应医生他不再吸烟, 从那以后, 他再也没有吸过烟。由句意可知空格处表示允诺, 故应选择D项。08天津Shehave left school, for her bike is still here.A.cantB.wouldntC.shouldntD.nee
30、dnt答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：她不可能离开了学校, 因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。cant表示不可能；wouldnt have done表虚拟；shouldnt have done本不该做(却已做了）；neednt have done本没必要做(但已做了）。08江西What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, hebetter.A.need have done B.must have doneC.can have doneD.might have done答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：太遗憾了！鉴于他的
31、能力和经验, 他本可能做得更好。need have done本来有必要做（而没做）；must have done是对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测, 表示 “过去一定做了”；can have done是对过去发生的事情的不肯定的推测；might have done表示 “本来可以”。08湖南You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book.You find the book by the title.A.must B.need C.canD.would答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：要找到一本书你不一定非要知道作者
32、的名字。你可以根据书的标题找到这本书。can表示 “可以, 能够”。08陕西What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, itbe bigthats not important.A.mustntB.needntC.cantD.wont答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：“你想要什么样的房子？要大的吗？” “噢, 它不需要很大, 那不重要。”由.thats not important.这一语境可知, 空格处应表示 “不需要”, 故须用neednt。08四川Although thissound like a sim
33、ple task, great care is needed.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.should答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：尽管这听起来可能像一项简单的任务, 但是需要非常仔细。must一定, 必须；may可能, 可以；shall将要；should应该。各自表达的意义不同, 选may最妥当。08重庆I cant find my purse anywhere.Youhave lost it while shopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析may表达推测之意, 意为 “可能”。08浙江Youb
34、e hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A.wouldntB.cantC.mustntD.neednt答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：你不可能饿了, 你两个小时之前才吃的午饭！cant指不可能；mustnt表猜测时, 不能用于否定句；Neednt指没有必要。08福建It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A.must B.can C.should D.would答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must必然
35、, 一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将, 总会。本题提供的语境是 “有时可能会”。08辽宁Peterbe really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shall B.shouldC.can D.must答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：虽然彼得总体上来说是一个好人, 但有时真的难以相处。can在这里不表示主观的推测, 而表示客观的可能性。08江苏Im sorry.Iat you the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of co
36、ntrol myself.A.shouldnt shoutB.shouldnt have shoutedC.mustnt shoutD.mustnt have shouted答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：“对不起, 几天前我本不应该朝你大喊大叫的。” “不要放在心上。我自己有点情绪失控。”shouldnt have done sth.本不应该做某事(但已经做了)。08山东Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we it without you.A.can manageB.could have manage
37、dC.could manage D.can have managed答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析could have done本能够做某事（但没做）。07全国Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?Itbe, but it is now heavily polluted.A.will B.would C.shouldD.must答案C考点考查情态动词的区别。解析will可用来表示 “意愿；客观必然性等”；would可表示 “意愿；过去常常（现在也可能是那样的）”；should表示 “应该, 理应”；must表示 “必
38、然；一定, 准是”。结合语境可知, 此处用should表示虚拟。句意为： “这本来应该是美丽的, 但是现在它被严重污染了。”07北京In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you take care of your luggage.A.can B.may C.mustD.will答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：在像飞机场和车站这样拥挤的地方, 你一定要照看好自己的行李。must表示 “必须, 一定”符合句意。07湖南The biggest problem for most plants, whichjust ge
39、t up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A.shant B.cant C.needntD.mustnt答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：对于绝大多数受到威胁时不能起来就逃跑的植物来说, 最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。Shant表将来;neednt不必, mustnt禁止, 都不正确。07陕西I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps Ihave driven her there.A.could B.must C.might
40、D.should答案D考点本题考查情态动词。解析could have done（过去）可能做过；本能够做；must have done（过去）肯定做过；might have done（过去）可能做过；should have done本应该做（而事实上没做）。由句意 “我告诉你朋友该怎么去旅馆, 但或许我应该开车送她去那儿。”可知应选D项。07四川What does the sign over there read? “No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”A.will B.may C.s
41、hallD.must答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析shall用于第二、三人称, 表示命令、允许、警告等, 此处表示警告。07重庆What do you think we can do for our aged parents?Youdo anything except to be with them and be yourself.A.dont have toB.oughtnt toC.mustntD.cant答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析dont have to不必；oughtnt to不应当；mustnt禁止, 不允许；cant不可能。答语句意为：“除了与父母呆在一起和做你
42、自己以外, 你不必做任何事情。因此A项符合题意。07浙江My cats really fat.Youhave given her so much food.A.wouldntB.couldntC.shouldntD.mustnt答案C考点考查情态动词。解析句意为：我的猫真胖。你本不应该给她那么多食物。shouldnt have done sth本不应该做某事（暗含做了）。07福建My MP4 player isnt in my bag.WhereI have put it?A.can B.must C.shouldD.would答案A考点考查情态动词。解析由句意 “我的MP4不在我包里。我可能
43、把它放哪儿了？”可知应选A。can have done过去可能做过而must have done “过去肯定做过”, 只能用于肯定陈述句；should have done本应该做过（而事实上没做）；would have done只能用于虚拟语气。07江苏She looks very happy.Shehave passed the exam.I guess so.Its not difficult after all.A.should B.could C.mustD.might答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must have passed the exam肯定是通过考试了, 由前句中的
44、 “happy”和下句中的 “not difficult after all”可以推知。07山东Theytwo free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A.had got B.got C.have gotD.get答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析 “otherwise theyd never have been able.”这一句用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；而 “他们弄到了两张去加拿大的免费票”却是事实, 故用一般过去时。07上海Guess what？ I have got
45、 A for my term paper.Great!Youread widely and put a lot of work into it.A.mustB.shouldC.must haveD.should have答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析由 “have got A”可知是对过去发生事情的推测, 故用 “情态动词+have done”结构。must have done表示 “必定做过某事”, 符合题意。07安徽The teacherhave thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him,
46、 I suppose.A.should B.can C.wouldD.must答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must have done表示对过去所做事情的肯定判断, 表示 “一定”。07江西Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.Youit in the wrong place.A.must put B.should have putC.might put D.might have put答案D考点考查情态动词表推测的用法。解析由yesterday可知A、C两项错误；should应该, 理应；might或许
47、, 可能, 显然D项正确。06全国Theres no light ontheybe at home.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt答案A考点考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：（家中）没有亮灯, 他们肯定不在家。此处要用情态动词表推测, 且用于否定句表示 “肯定不”, 故cant符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句, mustnt表示 “禁止, 不许”；neednt表示 “不需要”；shouldnt表示 “不应当”, 故A项符合要求。06全国Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ityesterday.A.was
48、 happeningB.happensC.has happenedD.happened答案D考点考查虚拟语气的用法。解析as if仿佛, 好像, 其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事, 仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时, 故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。06全国We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.A.need B.must C.shouldD.can答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：我们希望尽可能多的人能参加我们明
49、天的野餐。用can.表示可能性。06北京 Whats the name? Khulaifi.I spell that for you?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析shall在问句中征求对方意见, 主要用于第一人称。答语句意为： “我给你拼写一下好吗？”06天津Wehave proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A.needntB.may notC.shouldntD.mustnt答案B
50、考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：我们或许还没有证明是伟大的探险者, 但我们已取得了在过去的10年里的最伟大的进展。故应用may not。06浙江 Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you.A.can B.must C.may D.should答案B考点考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：妈妈, 我可以和你说句话吗？” “噢, 亲爱的, 如果你非要说的话。”must表示必须要做的事。06福建If it were not for the fact that shesing, I would invite her to the part
51、y.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.might not答案C考点考查情态动词的用法。解析题中that引导同位语从句。 “she cant sing”是一个事实, 是指在能力、技能等方面不能、不会。06湖南Some aspects of a pilots jobbe boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.A.can;have toB.may;canC.have to;mayD.ought to;must答案A考点考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：飞行员工作的某些方面可能是令人厌倦的, 并且飞行员经常在不方便的时
52、候工作。第一空表示的是客观的可能性, 应用can；而第二空说在不方便的时候还要干, 因此表示客观上的必须, 用have to, 意为 “不得不”。06湖北fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you beB.Should you beC.Could you beD.Might you be答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：如果你被炒了, 你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。与将来事实相反的假设, 从句用答案B项。06山东 May I smoke here
53、? If you, choose a seat in the smoking section.A.should B.could C.mayD.must答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析由本题语境可知, 空白处应表示 “非得”之意, 故须用must。06江西The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A.should have takenB.could have takenC.neednt have takenD.mustnt have taken答案C考点本题
54、考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为:昨天天气不错, 我本没有必要不怕费事带把伞。could have done表示 “本能够做而未做”；should have done表示 “本应该做而未做”；mustnt表示 “禁止, 不许”；neednt have done表示 “本不必做而做了”。take the trouble to do sth.表示 “不怕费事或困难尽力做某事”。06江苏 I think Ill give Bob a ring. You.You havent been in touch with him for ages.A.will B.may C.have toD.should答案
55、D考点本题考查情态动词的基本用法。解析will用于第二人称常用来表示命令、指示, 意为 “务必, 必须”；may表示 “可能, 也许”, 常用于请求许可；have to表示 “不得不”；should可用于表示主观看法、建议、劝说, 意为 “应当, 应该”。在此句中, 答话者表示同意对方的想法。答语句意为：你应该（打个电话）, 你好长时间没与他联系了。故D项符合情景要求。06广东 Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he.A.need B.must C.mayD.will答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析表示要求时, 肯定回答用must
56、, 否定用neednt。06四川Is Jack on duty today?Itbe him.Its his turn tomorrow.A.mustntB.wontC.cantD.neednt答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析cant表示否定推测, must表示肯定推测。06陕西As you worked late yesterday, youhave come this morning.A.maynt B.cant C.mustntD.neednt答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：既然你昨天工作得那么晚, 今早上你就没必要来了。从意思上显示选择项表示 “没必要”。05全国T
57、om, youleave all your clothes on the floor like this!A.wouldntB.mustntC.needntD.may not答案B考点考查情态动词。解析wouldnt用以提示客气的请求；mustnt表示禁止, 不允许；neednt表示没必要；may not表示不可以。根据语境要求Tom不许把衣服放在地板上。05全国John, look at the time.you play the piano at such a late hour?A.Must B.Can C.MayD.Need答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must在此处显示出说话
58、人的不快, 有 “难道非要”的意思。05北京Hehave completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.should B.must C.wouldntD.cant答案B考点考查情态动词表猜测的用法。解析由句意 “他一定是已经完成工作了；否则, 他就不会在海边玩得那么高兴。”可知是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。05上海Therebe any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in th
59、e driving school.A.mustntB.shant C.shouldntD.neednt答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：因为你在驾校已经训练了这么多, 通过路考一定没有什么困难。本句中表达出劝慰对方的语气。mustnt表示 “禁止, 不允许”, 表示警告或命令; shant表示 “将不会”；shouldnt表示据情况推测 “理应”；neednt表示 “不必”。05天津Ihave been more than six years old when the accident happened.A. shouldntB.couldnt C.mustntD.neednt答案
60、B考点考查对过去发生的情况的推测。解析couldnt have done是对过去发生情况的否定推测, 其肯定形式同样是对过去发生情况的推测, 意为 “可能已”。shouldnt have done本来不应该, 但实际已经；neednt have done本来不需要, 但实际上已经；must表示推测时, 只用在肯定句中。故选B项。05辽宁This cake is very sweet. Youa lot of sugar in it.A.should put B.could have put C.might putD.must have put答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：这蛋糕
61、, 非常甜。你一定放了许多糖在里面。05浙江The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because itbe very slow.A.should B.must C.willD.can答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析此处表达一种可能性, 要用can, 其他三项都表示主观情态。should应该, 义务, must必须, 一定, will将会, 都与句意不符。05福建Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.Youit. I could m
62、anage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have doneC.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done答案B考点考查情态动词的完成式和一般式的区别。解析neednt do不需要做；mustnt禁止做, 都用于现在的动作；neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事；shouldnt have done是本不该做却做某事。05湖南Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She.I have already borrowed one.A.cant B.mustnt C.needntD.s
63、houldnt答案C考点考查情态动词的辨析。解析根据后面的句子 “Ive already borrowed one”说明她没必要借字典给我了, 故选C项。05湖北Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well, hehave gone farhis coats still here.A.shouldntB.mustnt C.cantD.wouldnt答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析由句意可知, “他肯定没走远”, 此处是对过去的否定推测, 而且语气最强, 故用cant have done。05江苏Dont you
64、think it necessary that heto Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem ishe has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;whatD.should not send;what答案B考点本题考查虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。解析not be sent是虚拟语气, 相当于should not be sent。05山东He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free
65、.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need答案A考点本题考查虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。解析根据题干可看出此处句意为 “他本来可以免费入场”, 因此应用could have done。05湖北If Iplan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A.would B.could C.had toD.ought to答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：如果我能计划做任何想做的事, 我想去西藏尽可能地游览一番。观察一下
66、句中的时态, 因为都是过去时, 句意表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气, 因此此处应用情态动词的过去时, 表示的意思是 “假如我们现在能够”, could表示不存在的可能性。05重庆I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They at least 150 kilometers an hour.A.should have been doing B.must have been doing C.could have doneD.would have done答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must
67、 have done用于肯定句中, 表示对过去事情的推测, 意为 “想必是, 一定是”。否定句、疑问句中对过去情况的推测, 要用can/could have done的形式。05山东He paid for a seat, however, hehave entered free.A.could B.would C.mustD.need答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析paid暗示时间上指的是过去, could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而未做的事情；肯定句中不用need have done; must have done与语境不吻合。据题干可看出此处句意为 “他本来可以免费
68、入场”, 因此应用could have done。05江西Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Somethingto him.A.must happen B.should have happenedC.could have happened D.must have happened答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析must have done的意思是 “一定发生了某事”。由对话所提供的情景可知：汤姆从不迟到, 所以他 “一定有事”。因此D项正确。05安徽Helengo on the trip with us, but she
69、isnt quite sure yet.A.shall B.must C.may D.can答案C考点此题考查情态动词的用法。解析may表示一种可能性。如果没有具体的语境的话, B、D两项也可以选, 但是意思就不同了。05江苏The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh, dear!Shea lot of difficulties!A.may go throughB.might go throughC.ought to have gone throug
70、hD.must have gone through答案D考点考查 “情态动词+have done”。解析从语境分析, 表示某人一定干过某事, 而且是对过去情况肯定的推测, 故应用must have done。C项相当于should have done表示对对方的责备, 意思是 “应该做而未做”, 在此不符合题意。04全国Isnt that Anns husband over there?No, itbe him. I am sure he doesnt wear glasses.A.cant B.mustntC.wont D.may not答案A考点考查否定的推断。解析cant不可能；must
71、 not不许；wont将不会；may not可能不。根据 “Im sure he doesnt wear glasses（我确信他不戴眼镜）”可知, 说话者的态度是：不可能是他。04全国IVTom graduated from college at a very young age.-Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then.A. could B. should C. might D. must答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析既然大学毕业时年龄很小, 当然可以推测一定是个聪明的家伙。04重庆“The interestbe divided into
72、five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, “declared the judge.A.may B.shouldC.must D.shall答案D考点考查shall的习惯用法。解析shall与第二、三人称名词连用, 表示义务, 责任, 决心, 许诺, 它可以用于条文中；should/must用于口语中。04上海Children under 12 years of age in that countrybe under adnlts supervision when in a public library.A. must
73、B.may C.can D.need答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意为：未满12岁的儿童必须在成人的监督下呆在图书馆。表示 “必须”时用must侧重主观, have to侧重客观。04天津Who is the girl standing over there?Well, if youknow, her name is Mabel.A.may B.can C.must D.shall答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析此题中的must表示 “一定要, 坚持要”。04湖南Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a repor
74、t.Youhave my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt答案A考点本题考查shall的用法。解析shall用于第二、三人称, 可表示命令、威胁。shall not=shant。04福建Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.Youher last week.A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told答案D考点考查 “情态动词+have done”构
75、成的虚拟语气用法。解析答语句意为：你本该上周就告诉她(其实没告诉她)。04湖北Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry, I am not sure.But itbe.A.might B.will C.mustD.can答案A考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析 “I am not sure”说明说话者对情况没有把握, 推测语气较弱, 使用might。04上海春You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers not like the desi
76、gn of the furniture.A.must B.shallC.may D.need答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析根据情景确定情态动词表示 “猜测”, may not表示 “可能不”。03NMETA left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析can表示可能性, 人们可以把包裹存放在行李存放处。must表示义务和责任；s
77、hould的意思是 “应该”；will作情态动词时表示 “愿意”。02NMET Is John coming by train? He should, but he _not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析从所提供的情景He likes driving his car.可以看出John既可能乘火车来, 也可能自己开车来。所以要把may用于否定句中, 表示部分否定地推测。02北京I heard they went skiing in the mountains last win
78、ter.It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析由下文得知, 那儿雪很少, 那他们去滑雪就不可能是真的啦。02上海It has been announced that candidates _remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall答案D考点本题考查情态动词
79、的用法。解析shall用于二三人称陈述句, 表命令, 警告等。01 NMETI was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. Shouldnt have left C. Couldnt have left D.neednt leave答案B考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析shouldnt have done表示本不该做某事而做了, 含责备的意味。译文:我真为你着急, 你本不该一句话不说, 就离开了家。.01上海You cant imagine that a well-behaved gen
80、tlemen _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would答案C考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析should有让人惊讶, 好奇, 厌恶等用法此句就是这个用法.翻译成：竟然00 NMET-Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I_ go to the concert instead.A. must B.would C.should D.might答案D考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析might后接动词原形的意思是可能做某事。因为对方回答说Im not sure表明它可能会
81、去听音乐会, 但没有十分的把握。十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编-情态动词与虚拟语气考 点 解 析【考点定位】 2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。每年高考试题中都会出现一定的题目。【考点PK】
82、名师考点透析虚拟语气考点透析 考点1 虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C
83、。 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如： If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正
84、确答案为A。 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情
85、，所以正确答案为B。 考点2 含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed 解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显
86、然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。 考点3 主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 解
87、析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。 考点4 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如： Dont you think it necessary
88、 that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what 解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗？句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为B。 考点5 wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气 具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rath
89、er+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如： Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 解析 句意为：看我目前的困境，要是我听你的建议就好了。其描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为C。 情态动词考点透析考点1 情态动词基本含义的考查 情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如： 1. The f
90、ire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 【解析】考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不； would：表示意愿或过去常常；could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力；was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。 2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They_be ready by
91、 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 【解析】can：能够；should:应该，表示责任、义务。Might：可能；need：需要。它们应该在12点前准备好。所以，答案是B。 3. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_be so rude to a lady . A. might B. need C. shouldD. would 考点2 情态动词表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如： 1. Sorry, Im late. I_have turned
92、 off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will 【解析】might have done : (过去)可能做过某事；shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境Im late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：A。 2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt ha
93、ve attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 【解析】couldnt have done: (过去)不可能做某事； neednt have done:本来不必做某事；mustnt have done:一定未做过某事： shouldnt have done:本不该做某事。根据提供的情境My sister met him at the Great Theatre表明他不可能参加讲座。答案是：A。 3.Mr Bush is on time for everything. How_it be that he was late
94、 for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？答案是：A。 4.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? It_true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 来源:学科网ZXXK【解析】may not be : 可能不是；wont be：不会是；
95、couldnt be：不可能是； mustnt be ：一定不是。根据提供情境there was little snow 说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事，may not 语气不如couldnt强。答案是：C。 分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测；can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测；may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用于否定陈述句中，cant （不可能）的语气比may not（可能不）强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情
96、况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。 考点3 情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 【解析】ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，
97、与题中 at yesterdays party 表示的时间不一致。所以选D。 2.I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET2001,33)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 来源:Zxxk.Com【解析】shouldnt have done 表示本来不应该做而实际上做了。句意为：你不应该不说一句话就离开家，而实际上是没说一句话就离开家了。答案是：B。 3.Oh, Im not feeling well
98、 in the stomach. I_so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 考点4 情态动词与助动词混合考查1.Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .(NMET2007全国卷II，20) A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wou
99、ldnt 【解析】had to:不得不；didnt:没来；was going to：打算来；wouldnt:不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗？我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词，所以答案是：C。 2.Your phone number again? I_quite catch it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 【解析】记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。【考点汇总】 知识点归纳小结I.情态动词1.表示“能力、许可”的can /m
100、ay表示能力的情态动词用can/could A computer_think for itself, it must be told what to do. A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could?或might？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustnt表示禁止，不许可）Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you_A.will B.could C.may D.mig
101、htJohnny, you_play with the knife, you_hurt yourself.A. wont/cant B.mustnt/may C.shouldnt/must D.cant/shouldnt在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。 如不可以说：They could jump into the sea before the boat was blown up 而要说：they were able to/managed to jump into The fire spread through the hotel
102、 very quickly but everyone_get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 但在否定句中could/was(were)able to可以通用: I couldnt/wasnt able to see him yeaterday.表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可，而can较侧重客观情况的许可，must则表示必须做某事。2.表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性：Peter_come with us
103、 tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。此时cant用以代替mustnt，语气比may not更强。cant中文可以翻译为“不可能”、may not中文可以翻译为“可能不”。Michael_be a policeman, for hes much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may在疑问句只能用can，
104、不能用may和mustHe may be very busy now.Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now.Can he be very busy now?3.表示“请求、提议”（用在疑问句中）的can和could，这时could比can语气更婉转Can（Could）you give me a lift to the station?你（您）能不能让我搭你（您）的车去车站呀？4.表示“惊讶、怀疑”（用在疑问句中）的can和could，这时could比can语气更婉转Who can it be at this time of day?这
105、个时候到底会是谁呢？5.构成下列特殊句式的can can not/can nevertoo cannotenough“无论怎么也不为过分，越越好，非常”Since it is a good thing,we cannot do it too soon.既然是好事情，我们越早开始做越好。cant help doing,cannot help but do,cannot but do“禁不住，不由得，不得不”I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.每当我看到这幅画时，我都禁不住要鉴赏它。When a close friend
106、 dies,you cannot but feel sad.亲密的朋友去世时，你会不由得感到悲伤。6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序 May he live to an old age!愿他长命百岁！May God be with you!愿上帝保佑你！7.shall/should用于人称意义shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁用于法律、法规等条文中应，须，得What shall we do this evening?注意：may用于征求对方的许可，而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示：May I have a look?我能看一看吗
107、？Shall I have a look?需要我看一看吗？You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）He shall be punished.（威胁）The fine shall be given in cash.罚款须以现金缴纳。should 意义（表义务、责任的）应该（表预期的）应该会，想必会，一定会把（表惊讶、遗憾的）竟然、居然（与疑问词连用，表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的）究竟是，到底（用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中，且should
108、可以省略）应该，必须You should apologize to him.The photos should be ready by 12:00.Im surprised that you should speak in such a way.Who should ccome in but my old friend Betty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。I suggested that he (should)change his mind.My suggestion was that he (should)change his mind.注意：ought to表示 “应
109、该” (与should同义, 只是语气稍重一些), 也可表示推测。You ought to take care of him. He ought to be home by now.8.will/would请求、建议，would比will委婉客气 Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心 I will never do that again. They asked us if we would do that again可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 During the vacation he would visit me every week The
110、wound would not heal.表示估计或猜想 It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there?9.dare和needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式：dare和dared两个词形。 除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。 If he dare come,I will kick him out. I dont know whether he dare say.Note:He doesnt dare(to)
111、answer the question. Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?10.情态动词+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做 You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.cannot+have done：表示对过去行为的否定推测 He cannot have been to that town.can+主语+have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have do
112、ne：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightmay)must+have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have doneYou must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.neednt+have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了You neednt
113、 have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didnt need to(have to)do :没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。 You should have started earlier, but you didnt. She shouldnt have taken away my me
114、asuring tape, for I wanted to use it. 注意：本结构还可以表“推测”的意思He should have finished the work by now.到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。11.其它情态动词 have tohave to表示 “必须, 不得不”, 在这个意义上与must很接近, 但must表示的是说话人的主观看法, 而have to表示的却是客观需要. have to比must有更多的形式。The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one.The students will have to know h
115、ow to use the computers.注意：在回答must的问句时, 否定式常用need not(neednt)或dont have to表示 “不必”。而不用must not, 因为must not表示 “不可以”。 used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复如此)Did you use to go there to see your brother? /Used you to go there to see your brother?Yes, I did(used to). /No , I didnt (usednt).注意：would也可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
116、，但是不涉及到现在。had better表示 “最好(做)”We had better go now. 其否定式为had better notII.虚拟语气（一）一般虚拟结构 类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited you.与
117、将来事实相反从句动词：过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。（二）混合虚拟结构1.不同时间的虚拟If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）If
118、 he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. （从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. （从句与过去事实
119、相反，and后面的主句与现在事实相反）2.虚拟与陈述的混合He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough. You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. （三）特殊句式虚拟结构1.省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个
120、电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。2.suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist+ 宾语从句(should )doHe suggested that we (should) save money for the future.The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点,事实
121、时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.3.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+ that从句(should) doIt is proposed that more students should go to university.4.My advice/suggestion/request/r
122、equirement/order/proposal+ is +表语从句(should)do My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.5.His suggestion/advice/request/requirement+ 同位语从句(should )do+ is. The request that they
123、 should get more is reasonable.6.It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句 (should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。 Its strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然） It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此） It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)7.wish + that clause (did/were 与
124、现在相反) wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反) wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反) I wish I could go with them tomorrow. I wish I had never met him.8.It is (high/about) time + 从句(did或should do )It is (high/about) time we went home.9.would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）I wou
125、ld rather you came tomorrow.I would rather you hadnt told her the news.10.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。省去条件从句You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)省去主句(常用以表示愿望) If only + clause ( did/were与现在相反)/ (would/could/might + do与将来相反) /
126、( had done 与过去相反) “要是.就好了“ If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)If only he would come tomorrow!If only I had taken her advice!If only I were ten years younger!注意：only if是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气。11.as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) / (would
127、/could/might + do与将来相反)/( had done 与过去相反) She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter. They talked as if they had been friends for years.12.would like/was/were to have done somethingI would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.13.but for+名词But for your help we co
128、uldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have
129、 scored a goal.I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it down for her.The captain kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise the accident wouldnt have been prevented.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret later.16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气Given more than two hours, we could have done the work better.Not having finished the work, he couldnt have seen this film.
