1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空go up; result in; put up with; even if; subscribe to; come about; on the whole; glance at; keep on; be opposed to1At first they _the scheme, but we managed to argue them round.2I dont know how it_that she came late on Mondays.3I cant_my
2、 noisy roommates any longer.4You must keep to the rules_you think theyre unfair.5Jacobs does not_the belief that people are basically good.6You have made a few mistakes in your composition but_，it was written well.7The price of oil has_by over 50 percent in less than a year.8Stress and tiredness oft
3、en_a lack of concentration.9He was wet through with sweat, but he_working.10He _me but he kept on talking with the others, putting me in an embarrassing situation.答案1was opposed to2.came about3.put up with4even if5.subscribe to6.on the whole7gone up8.result in9.kept on10.glanced at.用所给词的适当形式填空1Some
4、common_(phenomenon) in the world are still not completely understood by human beings.2There are_(quantity) of goods in that shop for customers to choose from.3He had been ill for a long time and_(consequence) he was behind in his work.4She refused to make a_(state) to the police in case she incrimin
5、ated(连累) herself.5Her post as a general manager_(steady) after three months.6Some experts thought that pollution poses a threat to the continued_(exist) of this species.7The adequate rain contributed to the_(grow) of the crops.8Theres a lot of_(disagree) among politicians on this issue.9No country c
6、an afford to neglect the_(educate) of its young people.10They contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees (难民) and their_(contribute) will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.答案1phenomena2.quantities3.consequently4statement5.steadied6.existence7.growth8disagreement9.educat
7、ion10.contributions.阅读理解A(2019年高考浙江卷)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of C
8、alifornia forests, the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decl
9、ine was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that c
10、ompete with big trees for resources(资源)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or developmen
11、t.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, ai
12、r temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to tr
13、ees during the dry season.1What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.BThe increasing variety of California big trees.CThe distribution of big trees in California forests.DThe influence of farming on big trees in California.2Which of the following is wel
14、lintentioned but may be bad for big trees?AEcological studies of forests.BBanning woodcutting.CLimiting housing development.DFire control measures.3What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?AInadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.CA warmer climate. DDampness of the air.4Wha
15、t can be a suitable title for the text?ACalifornias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees GoneBCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonCWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California ForestsDPatrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California答案与解析本文为说明文。一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树
16、，气候变化似乎是其主要因素。1A段落大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。2D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)”可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故选D。3C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the
17、biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，., and earlier snowmelt，.”可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故选C。4A标题归纳题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意。BAt your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try t
18、o measure how long it lasts.Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most.But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable m
19、oment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said.Research in Dutch(荷兰语) and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start o feel uneasy.In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are ha
20、ppy with silences of 8.2 secondsnearly twice as long as in Americans meetings.In Japan，it is recognized that the best communication is when you dont speak at all.Its already a failure to understand each other by speaking because youre repairing that failure by using words.In the US, it may start fro
21、m the history of colonial(殖民地的) America as a crossroads of many different races.When you have a complex of difference，its hard to develop common understanding unless you talk and theres understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally devoted to developing a common life.This applies also
22、to some extent to London.In contrast, when theres more homogeneity,_perhaps its easier for some kinds of silence to appear.For example, among your closest friends and family its easier to sit in silence than with people youre less well acquainted with.5Which of the following people might have the lo
23、ngest silence in conversation?AThe Dutch.BAmericans.CThe English. DThe Japanese.6What might the Japanese agree with in conversation?ASpeaking more gives the upper hand.BSpeak out what you have in your mind.CGreat minds think alike without words.DThe shorter talking silence, the better.7What can we l
24、earn from the text?AA foursecond silence in conversation is universal.BIts hand for Americans to reach a common agreement.CEnglish speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.DThe closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.8What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the
25、last paragraph mean?ASimilarity. BDifference.CDiversity. DMisunderstanding.答案与解析本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。5D细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most.”，第三段最后两句“Research
26、 in Dutch (荷兰语)and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy.In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 secondsnearly twice as long as in Americans meetings.”可知，日本
27、人可能在谈话中有最长沉默。故选D。6C推理判断题。根据第四段首句“In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you dont speak at all.”可知，在日本，一般认为最好的交流是一句话不说的时候。因此推断日本人认为“伟大的心灵，无言而思”。故选C。7D推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“For example, among your closest friends and family its easier to sit in silence than with people youre less well
28、 acquainted with.”可知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选D。8A词义猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句句意是：相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与similarity意义相近。故选A。.短文改错Are home visits necessary when they are so many ways to communicate with the students parent? Some people are for home visits.They thought home v
29、isits will make it easily for parents and teachers to communicate and work more closely to help students learn.Home visits will give teachers a chance to better understanding their students.Besides, others think it is a waste of the time and energy to pay home visits.If they keep on touch with the s
30、tudents parents with text messages, QQ or Emails, it will be more convenient and save a lot of time.Personally, I think home visits is positive, and teachers can educate their students effectively through home visits.答案与解析这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了人们对家访是否有必要进行了讨论，作者认为家访是积极的，老师可以通过家访有效地教育他们的学生。1theythere考查there
31、be句型。句意：当有这么多方法与学生家长沟通时，家访有必要吗？ there be句型，表示“有”，所以they改为there。2parentparents考查名词单复数。句意：当有这么多方法与学生家长沟通时，家访有必要吗？文中“学生家长”是复数意义，用名词复数，所以parent改为parents。3thoughtthink考查时态。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，所以thought改为think。4easilyeasy考查固定用法。句意：他们认为家访将使父母和老师更容易沟通，更紧密地工作，以帮助学生学习。make itadj.“让某人/某事，”该用法是固定用法，所以填easily改为easy
32、。5understandingunderstand考查不定式。这里不定式作定语，修饰a chance，所以understanding改为understand。6BesidesHowever考查副词。句意：然而，其他人认为家访是浪费时间和精力。文中表示“然而”，所以Besides改为However。7去掉time前the考查固定短语。句意：然而，其他人认为家访是浪费时间和精力。a waste of time“浪费时间”，该短语是固定短语，所以去掉time前the。8onin考查固定短语。句意：如果他们用短信、QQ或电子邮件与学生家长保持联系，就会更方便，节省很多时间。keep in touch with“与保持联系”，该短语是固定短语，所以on改为in。9isare考查主谓一致。句意：就我个人而言，我认为家访是积极的，老师可以通过家访有效地教育他们的学生。这里含有一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语home visits是复数意义，谓语动词用复数，所以is改为are。10teachers前加that考查宾语从句的引导词。这里含有两个宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不能省略，所以teachers前加that。- 8 -
