1、上海市建平中学2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
2、hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?A. She wonders which letter to finish.B. She will make copies later.C. She will meet Mr. B
3、rown first.D. She hopes to become a typist.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.W: Certainly, Sir. As soon as I finish typing the letter.2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】At what time does the second performance start?A. 7:00.B. 7:10.C. 9:00.D. 9:10.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Could you
4、tell me the starting times for both performances?M: The first begins at 7:00 oclock, and it lasts two hours. The second follows immediately after a ten-minute break.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the man feel about his experience?A. Eager.B. Regretful.C. Exhausted.D. Satisfied.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: I heard
5、 you went camping.M: Well, I did everything I wanted to do, walking, climbing and just sitting in the sun.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What can we learn about the men from the conversation?A. He gave the woman some wrong information.B. He put sugar in the glass container.C. He broke the two containers.D. He
6、 added salt to the coffee.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: You mistook salt for sugar? I told you the sugar was in the glass container.M: Sorry! I forgot and the coffee is terrible now!5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. He will clean the house immediately.B. He doesnt have time to take the woman home.C.
7、It should be easy for the guests to find the house.D. He needs time to relax before the guests arrive.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Look at the mess! And the guests will be here soon!M: Take it easy. Ill make sure the house is tidy in half an hour.6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?A. She doesnt like t
8、he painting.B. She hasnt visited the mans office.C. Shell hang the painting on the wall.D. She doesnt know where to put the painting.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Isnt this a terrific painting? It looks great on the wall in my office.W: To be honest, I dont know what you see in it.7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does t
9、he man imply about George?A. He doesnt like to cook.B. He makes very good desserts.C. He isnt careful when hes preparing food.D. He cooks for the Spanish club quite often.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Did you hear what George did last night? He was cooking dinner for the members of the drama club and he spilled s
10、oybean sauce all over the kitchen.M: Doesnt surprise me one bit. He did the same thing last semester, only with the Spanish club and milk.8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman imply?A. She doesnt plan to continue studying next year.B. She wants to know about the mans opinion.C. She has already to
11、ld the man about her plan.D. She wont transfer to another university.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: You are not planning to transfer to a different university next year, are you?W: If I were you, Id be the first to know.9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman imply the man should do?A. Start cleaning sooner.B. Hi
12、re a cleaning service.C. Take a rest before the party.D. Have his party at a different time.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: There is nothing I hate worse than cleaning up my apartment before a party.W: Its not so stressful if you dont wait until the last minutes.10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. He ha
13、s invited many people to dinner.B. He intentionally cooked a lot of soup.C. He doesnt like leftovers either.D. He used leftovers in the soup.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Youve made enough soup to feed an army.M: This way well have plenty leftover for lunch tomorrow.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hea
14、r two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your pap
15、er and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. What is the speaker mainly talking about?A. A painting.B. An artist.C. An experiment.D. A disease.12. Which of the following best explains prosopagnosia?A. The weakness of sight.B. The
16、 inability to recall a face once seen.C. The decline of memory with age.D. The failure to memorize different orders.13. What conclusion can be drawn from the study introduced in the passage?A. Landscapes are easier to identify than other things.B. Face recognition skills cannot be taught and improve
17、d.C. Human brains handle faces differently from other objects.D. People with some kind of blindness have a unique brain structure.【答案】11. D 12. B 13. C【解析】【原文】Well, lets start with an image some of you may be familiar with: a painting called The Son of Man by the artist Renee Magritte. In the pictur
18、e an apple floats in front of a mans face covering the features that normally allow him to be recognized. The painting perfectly illustrates the concept of prosopagnosia, or face blindness. To people with this condition, as soon as someone leaves their sight the memory of that persons face is blank.
19、 The effects of prosopagnosia can be so bad that people severely affected cant recognize their own parents or children. If we understood how the normal brain recalls faces, wed be well on the way to understanding this strange disorder.The question scientists need to answer is whether this basic abil
20、ity has its own private brain mechanism, or whether its simply one aspect of a particular class of objects. Researchers have used face blind volunteers to explore this question. The subjects were shown images of cars, tools, guns, houses and landscapes, and also black and white pictures of faces wit
21、h no hair on their heads. Ten of these images were repeated. The subjects were asked to indicate as quickly as possible, whether each image they saw was new or repeated. The results were surprising. None of the face blind subjects could recognize the faces in the series well, but they could distingu
22、ish between the other repeated pictures as easily as people without prosopagnosia could. That confirms idea that faces are handled differently by the brain from other objects. Its been shown in experiments that people with face blindness can be taught to improve their face recognition skills, but it
23、s still not known what prosopagnosia sufferers are missing when they cant recall a face.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. What does the speaker want to illustrate with teenage boys in Botswana and in New York?A. What people think about is affected by cultural difference.B. Those in large cities ca
24、re more about the modern way of life.C. How people make sense of the world is advancing all the time.D. The young adopt an innovative strategy to process information.15. Which of the following did western scholars assume everyone had?A. The passion for nature.B. The urge to find causes.C. The prefer
25、ence for comparison.D. The habits of thought.16. What have Dr. Richard Nisbett and his colleagues found in their research?A. Human beings dont share the same habits of thought.B. Categorization plays an important role in logical thinking.C. Rule application is universally acknowledged as essential.D
26、. Mainstream psychology has used a wrong research method.【答案】14. A 15. D 16. A【解析】【原文】For more than a century, Western philosophers and the psychologist have based their discussions of mental life on an assumption that the same basic processes underlie all human thought, whether in the mountains or
27、the grasslands. Cultural differences might decide what people thought about. Teenage boys in Botswana, for example, might discuss cows with the same passion that New York teenagers reserve for sports cars.But the habits of thoughtthe strategies people adopted in processing information and making sen
28、se of the world around themwere, Western scholars assumed, the same for everyone, exemplified by, among other things, a devotion to logical reasoning, a preference for categorization and an urge to understand the situations and events in terms of cause and effect.Recent work by a social psychologist
29、 at the University of Michigan, however, is turning this long-held view of mental functioning upside down. In the series of studies comparing European Americans to East Asians, Dr. Richard Nisbett and his colleagues have found that people who grow up in different cultures do not just think about dif
30、ferent things: they think differently.“We used to think that everybody uses category in the same way, that logic plays the same kind of role for everyone in the understanding of everyday life, that memory, perception, rule application and so on are the same,” Dr. Nisbett said. “But were now arguing
31、that the ways to process information are just far more various than mainstream psychology assumed.”听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. What is Lisas project about?A. Why people feed on insects.B. Including insects in peoples diets.C. How insects affect humans food sources.D. Using insects to devel
32、op healthy eating habits.18. According to Lisa, what is generally recognized?A. Eating insects is still considered to be something unusual.B. Food coloring made from insects are safer than thought.C. Insects can help human beings to fight against starvation.D. Britain is looking for ways to put inse
33、cts into sensible use.19. According to Lisa, why did people in prehistoric times eat insects?A. They didnt find insects disgusting.B. They were used to cooking insects.C. Some types of insect tasted delicious.D. Finding insects was easier than hunting.20. What can be learned about Lisa from the conv
34、ersation?A She hasnt eaten a whole insect.B. She has conquered her fear of insects.C. She is trying to make flour from insects.D. She doesnt consider insects a source of protein.【答案】17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A【解析】【原文】M: Hi, everybody. Its great to have Lisa Fletcher in our school Internet radio studio t
35、oday. Lisa, you are planning to study Food Science at the University, and you already know a lot about one aspect of food science, dont you?W: Hi! Well quite a lot Ive been finding out about insects as a source of food for humans.M: Thats an unusual idea, isnt it?W: Not really, actually. Its unusual
36、 here in Britain, but in some parts of the world its absolutely normal. Some people estimate that about 2 billion people worldwide eat insects. And things like red food coloring and some flavorings, for example, are made from insects, so theyre already ingredients in many peoples diets, even if they
37、 dont realize it. Its generally recognized now that insects and insect products will play a very important role in ensuring that we have enough food to feed the worlds population in the future.M: So, have human beings already eaten insects?W: It seems so. They may in fact have been a large part of e
38、arly humans diets all over the world, because in prehistoric times it was easier to find insects to eat than to go out hunting for larger animals.M: And how about nowadays? Is there anything you discovered that you found particularly surprising?W: There was, though its something thats pretty obvious
39、 reallyI just hadnt thought about it before. Its the fact that people who eat some types of insect feel disgusted by the idea of eating certain other types of insect. Its really a question of what you are used to.M: And have you ever eaten any insect yourself?W: Not a whole one, because Im still jus
40、t a little scared of insects Im not brave enough, basically. But I have tried an energy bar made from insect flour. Well, this one contained flour made from ground insects. It didnt taste too bad, and was full of healthy ingredients, but the most exciting thing for me is that it might get people in
41、the West to begin to accept the idea of insects as a source of protein.M: Thanks very much, Lisa, and good luck with your studies!W: Thank you!II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the
42、 blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Sharing the sweetnessOn the 25th of December, my mother expects her children to be present, exchanging gifts and eating turkey. When she pulls on that ho
43、liday sweater, everybody better gets festive. Of course, I would be the first Jones sibling _21_ (go) rogue (叛逆). As the middle, artist child, I was going to do my own thing, making some new traditions. From a biography of Flannery OConnor, I drew inspiration I would spend the holiday at an artist c
44、olony!No one took my new idea seriously. From the way my mother carried on, you would think I was divorcing the family. Still I held my ground and made plans for my winter adventure in New Hampshire. The MacoDowell Colony was _22_ I could have wished for. About 25 to 30 artists were in attendance, a
45、nd it was as artsy (艺术的) as I _23_ (imagine). It felt like my life had become a strange independent film.By Christmas Eve, I had been at the colony for more than a week. The novelty of snowy New England was wearing off, but I would never admit _24_. Everyone around me was having too much fun. Skiing
46、! Deep conversation by the fireplace! What was wrong with me? This was the holiday _25_ Id always dreamed of. No artificial decoration. Not a Christmas sweater anywhere in sight. People here didnt even say “Christmas,” they said “holiday.” Then why was I so sad?Finally, I called home on the pay phon
47、e. My dad answered, but I _26_ barely hear him for all the good-time noise in the background. He turned down the volume on the holiday album and told me that my mother was out shopping with my brothers. Now it was my turn to sulk (生闷气). They were having a fine Christmas _27_ me.Despite a heavy snows
48、torm, a large package showed up near my door at the artist colony on Christmas morning. Tayari Jones was written in my mothers beautiful handwriting. I rushed to that parcel _28_ I were five years old. Inside was a gorgeous red-velvet cake, my favorite, _29_ (wrap) tightly in about 50 yards of bubbl
49、e packaging. “Merry Christmas,” read the simple card inside. “We love you very much.”As I sliced the cake, everyone gathered around. Mother had sent a genuine homemade gift. It was a minor Christmas miracle that one cake managed to feed so many. We ate it from paper towels with our bare hands, _30_(
50、satisfy) a hunger we didnt know we had.【答案】21. to go 22. what/everything 23. had imagined 24. it/ that 25. which/ that 26. could 27. without 28. as if/ as though 29. wrapped 30. satisfying【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者分享了自己感受到甜蜜：与回家过节以往不同，作者去了马科道威尔殖民地艺术家聚居地度过12月25日这个假期。打电话回家后感到很伤心，因为得知家人没有自己也过得很愉快。圣诞节早晨，一个大包裹一个漂亮的红
51、色天鹅绒蛋糕，带来了妈妈的爱。【21题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当然，我是琼斯兄弟姐妹中第一个去捣蛋的。根据the first Jones sibling可知此处要用动词不定式，作定语。故填to go。【22题详解】考查表语从句的引导词/代词。句意：马科道威尔殖民地正是我梦寐以求的地方。/马科道威尔殖民地是我梦寐以求的地方。根据谓语动词was可知此处是一个表语从句，由表语从句的谓语动词could have wished for可知，此处可用代词what作宾语；或I could have wished for是一个省略关系词that的定语从句，先行词为everything。故填what/eve
52、rything。【23题详解】考查时态。句意：大约有25到30位艺术家出席，就像我想象的那样充满艺术气息。根据谓语动词was和句意可知此处表示过去的过去发生的事情，时态要用过去完成时，主语为I。故填had imagined。【24题详解】考查代词。句意：新英格兰下雪的新鲜感逐渐消失了，但我永远不会承认这一点。此处指代“The novelty of snowy New England was wearing off”这件事，可知此处要用代词it/ that。故填it/ that。【25题详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这是我一直梦想的假日。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为the holiday，指
53、物，根据定语从句Id always dreamed of中缺少宾语，可知此处要用关系代词which/ that。故填which/ that。【26题详解】考查情态动词。句意：爸爸接了电话，但背景噪音太大，我几乎听不到他说什么。由动词原形hear可知要用情态动词，根据My dad answered, but可知此处要用could，表示“能够”。故填could。【27题详解】考查介词。句意：他们没有我也过得很愉快。根据上文“Now it was my turn to sulk (生闷气).”和代词me可知此处要用介词，without“没有”。故填without。【28题详解】考查连词。句意：我冲向
54、那个包裹，好像五岁的孩子似的。根据I were five years old可知此处要用连词as if/ as though“好像”，是虚拟语气。故填as if/ as though。【29题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：里面是一个漂亮的红色天鹅绒蛋糕，我的最爱，紧紧地包裹在大约50码的气泡包装里。由谓语动词was可知此处要用非谓语动词，根据red-velvet cake和wrap之间是被动关系，可知此处要用过去分词。故填wrapped。【30题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们用手拿着纸巾吃蛋糕，满足了一种我们从未意识到的饥饿感。由谓语动词ate可知此处要用非谓语动词，此处要用现在分词，作状语。
55、故填satisfying。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. virtual B. survival C. specifically D. restoring E. transboundaryF. excursions G. nesting H. properly I. routes J. facing
56、 K. connectionWorld Migratory Bird Day is an annual awareness-raising campaign highlighting the need for the conservation of migratory birds and their habitats. It has a global outreach and is an effective tool to help raise global awareness of the threats _31_ migratory birds, their ecological impo
57、rtance, and the need for international cooperation to conserve them.Every year people around the world take action and organize public events such as bird festivals, education programmes, exhibitions and bird-watching _32_ to celebrate.The theme of this years World Migratory Bird Day is “Birds Conne
58、ct Our World”, which highlights the importance of conserving and _33_ the ecological connectivity and integrity of ecosystems that support the natural movements of migratory birds and that are essential for their _34_ and well-being.Migratory birds need a network of undamaged habitats along their en
59、tire migration _35_ to survive. Increased global action through multilateral (多边的) environment treaties, such as the Convention on Migratory Species and the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement, is essential to protect migratory birds on their international journeys. Creating _36_ habitat corridors
60、would be of great benefit to migratory birds and other migratory wildlife, _37_ at the landscape scale (景观尺度).In addition, networks of critical sites key to migration need to be safeguarded and managed _38_. Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), as described by BirdLife International, provid
61、e migratory birds with the necessary feeding, breeding, _39_ and sheltering grounds that are needed during their long flights.A wave of online interactions and _40_ events are expected to take place in countries around the world in celebration of World Migratory Bird Day, with educational programmes
62、 being offered online by many organizations including schools, parks, zoos, forests, wildlife refuges, wetlands centres, museums and libraries.【答案】31. J 32. F 33. D 34. B 35. I 36. E 37. C 38. H 39. G 40. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。世界候鸟日是一年一度提高认识运动，强调保护候鸟及其栖息地的必要性, 它具有全球性的影响力，是一种有助于提高全球对候鸟面临的威胁、它们的生态重要性以及国际合作保护它们
63、的必要性认识的有效途径。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：它具有全球性的影响力，是一种有助于提高全球对候鸟面临的威胁、它们的生态重要性以及国际合作保护它们的必要性认识的有效途径。分析句子可知空处为后置定语，修饰前面的名词threats；face表示“面对，面临”，其现在分词facing作后置定语修饰threats，表示“面临的威胁”，符合句意，故选J项。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：每年，世界各地的人们都采取行动，组织公众活动来庆祝这一节日，如鸟类节、教育节目、展览和观鸟旅行。结合前面举的例子都是一系列活动可知此处也应是活动的名称，应使用名词，结合选项可知“excursions (远足，短途旅行)
64、”符合文意，bird-watching excursions表示“观鸟旅行”，故选F项。【33题详解】考查动词。句意：今年世界候鸟日的主题是“鸟类连接我们的世界”，强调保护和恢复生态系统的连通性和完整性的重要性。生态系统支持候鸟的自然迁徙，对它们的生存和福祉至关重要。根据并列连词前的动名词conserving (保护)可知此处也应填入动名词，由宾语“生态系统的连通性和完整性的重要性”可知动作应是保护和恢复，结合选项可知，restoring (恢复)符合文意，故选D项。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：今年世界候鸟日的主题是“鸟类连接我们的世界”，强调保护和恢复生态系统的连通性和完整性的重要性。生态
65、系统支持候鸟的自然迁徙，对它们的生存和福祉至关重要。根据句意以及并列连词and后的well-being(幸福，福祉)可知此处应填入同类的名词，结合选项可知“survival(生存)”符合文意，故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：候鸟在整个迁徙路线上需要一个完好无损的栖息地网络才能生存。分析句子可知此处应填入名词作宾语，结合句意“需要一个完好无损的栖息地网络才能生存”可知是在“迁徙路线上”，结合选项可知“routes(路线)”符合文意，故选I项。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：建立跨界生境走廊将对候鸟和其他迁徙的野生动物大有裨益，特别是在景观尺度上。根据前文提到“候鸟在整个迁徙路线上需要一个完
66、好无损的栖息地网络才能生存。”所以在候鸟以及其他迁徙动物的跨界途中建立生境走廊对他们是很有益处的，结合选项，表示“跨界”的选项为E项“transboundary”，故选E项。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：建立跨界生境走廊将对候鸟和其他迁徙的野生动物大有裨益，特别是在景观尺度上。根据句意“建立跨界生境走廊对候鸟和其他迁徙动物大有益处”，以及空后提到的“景观尺度”可知此处表达的是生境走廊对景观尺度“特别”有好处，应选用副词修饰，表示程度，C项specifically(特别地，尤其地) 符合句意，故选C项。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：此外，对迁徙至关重要的关键地点网络需要得到保护和妥善管理。根据动
67、词managed(管理)可知此次应选用副词修饰动作，结合并列动词safeguarded(保护，保卫) 可知此处应表达“妥善管理”，H选项properly(适当地，正确地)符合句意，故选H项。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：国际鸟盟称，重要鸟类和生物多样性保护区为候鸟提供了长途飞行所需的食物、繁殖、筑巢和庇护场所。根据句意以及“ with the necessary feeding, breeding,(食物、繁殖)”以及“sheltering grounds (庇护场所)”可知此处表达保护区为候鸟提供了长途飞行所需的食物、繁殖、筑巢和庇护场所，所以应填入动名词nesting(筑巢)作并列宾语，符
68、合句意。故选G项。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：世界各国将掀起一波在线互动和虚拟活动的浪潮，以庆祝世界候鸟日，包括学校、公园、动物园、森林、野生动物保护区、湿地中心、博物馆和图书馆在内的许多组织将在网上提供教育节目。根据并列连词and前的“在线互动”结合下文提到的“许多组织将在网上提供教育节目”可推知还有“虚拟活动”，A项“virtual(虚拟的)”适合用于修饰名词events，表示“虚拟活动”，符合句意。故选A项。III. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage th
69、ere are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Every minute, every single day, the equivalent of a truckload of plastic enters our oceans. In the name of profit and convenience, corporations are literally choking (塞满) our pla
70、net with a substance that does not just “_41_” when we toss it into a bin. Since the 1950s, some 8.3bn tons of plastic have been produced worldwide, and to date, only 9% of that has been recycled. Our oceans bear the brunt (受主要冲击) of plastics epidemicup to 12.7m tons of plastic end up in them every
71、year.Just over a decade ago, I launched the Story of Stuff to help shine a light on the ways we _42_, use and dispose of the stuff in our lives. The Story of Stuff is inextricably (不可逃避的) linked to the story of plasticsthe packaging that goes along with those endless _43_. We buy a soda, sip it for
72、a few minutes, and toss its _44_ packaging “away”. We eat potato chips, finish them, and throw their packaging “away”.The cycle is endless, and it happens countless times every single day. But heres the _45_there is no “away”. As far as we try to toss a piece of plasticwhether its into a recycling b
73、in or notit does not disappear. Chances are, it _46_ polluting our communities, oceans or waterways in some form.For years, weve been _47_ that the problem of plastic packaging can be solved through better individual action. Were told that if we _48_ recycle, were doing our part. Were told that if w
74、e drink from a reusable bottle, were making enough of a _49_. But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess.Recycling alone will never stop the flow of plastics into our oceans; we have to get to the _50_ of the problem and slow down the production of all this plastic waste. Think
75、 about it: if your home was flooding because you had left the tap on, your first step wouldnt be to start _51_. Youd first cut the flooding off at its sourcethe tap. In many ways, our plastics problem is no different._52_, we need corporationsthose like Coca-Cola, Unilever, Starbucks and Nestl that
76、continue to mass-produce throwaway plastic bottles, cups, and strawsto step up and show real _53_ for the mess theyve created. Drink companies produce over 500bn single-use plastic bottles annually; there is no way that we can recycle our way out of a problem of that scale.Bag, cup and straw bans li
77、ke those in Morocco, Iceland, Vancouver and some US cities are a great start, but also not enough. And while clean-up efforts are _54_ in addressing litter problems, they cant begin to touch the problems created by microplastics.Not long ago, we existed in a world without throwaway plastic, and we c
78、an thrive that way again. The worlds largest corporationswith all their profits and innovation labsare well _55_ to help move us beyond single-use plastics. All over the world people are already innovating toward solutions that focus on reusing and reducing plastics. Its time to accelerate this proc
79、ess and move beyond half measures and baby steps.41. A. pass byB. go awayC. give inD. turn around42. A. produceB. pursueC. consumeD. clear43. A. desiresB. purchasesC. profitsD. varieties44. A. needlessB. attractiveC. completeD. permanent45. A. significanceB. reliefC. instanceD. challenge46. A. origi
80、nates fromB. ends upC. relates toD. goes beyond47. A. thrilledB. frustratedC. convincedD. concerned48. A. skillfullyB. randomlyC. simplyD. precisely49. A. differenceB. proposalC. discoveryD. choice50. A. complexityB. analysisC. presenceD. source51. A. moppingB. screamingC. complainingD. regretting52
81、. A. OtherwiseB. BesidesC. HoweverD. Therefore53. A. enthusiasmB. responsibilityC. preferenceD. demand54. A. inadequateB. helpfulC. voluntaryD. fruitless55. A. educatedB. acknowledgedC. establishedD. positioned【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. B 55
82、. D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。环境污染越来越严重，作者呼吁全世界的人们行动起来，通过再利用和科技手段减少一次性塑料对环境的危害，制造塑料垃圾的大公司也应该负起主要责任来。【41题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：以利润和便利的名义，公司实际上是在用一种物质扼杀我们的星球，而这种物质在我们扔进垃圾箱时候不会“消失”。A. pass by路过；B. go away离开；消失；C. give in屈服；D. turn around转身。根据后文的“As far as we try to toss a piece of plasticwhether its into a recycling bin o
83、r notit does not disappear. ”可知，塑料被扔进垃圾箱，但是它并不会“消失”。故选B项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在十多年前，我推出了一个关于物质的故事，以帮助我们了解我们在生活中生产、使用和处理这些物质的方式。A. produce生产；B. pursue追求；C. consume消耗；耗费；D. clear清理。根据常理，物质应该是先被“生产”，再使用，最后再被处理。这应该是作者推出的关于物质的故事的写作顺序。故选A项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：物质的故事与塑料的故事有着千丝万缕的联系，塑料的包装伴随着无休止的购买。A.desires渴望；
84、B. purchases购买；C. profits利益；D. varieties变化；多样化。根据后文所给出了例子“We buy a soda, sip it for a few minutes, and toss its 4 packaging “away”. We eat potato chips, finish them, and throw their packaging “away.”可知，塑料的包装的产生与我们无休止的“购买”有关。故选B项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们买了一瓶苏打水，啜饮几分钟，然后把它的永久包装扔掉。A.needless不必要的；B. attra
85、ctive有吸引力的；C. complete全部的；D. permanent永久的。根据后文“Chances are, it 6 polluting our communities, oceans or waterways in some form.”可推断，塑料包装不会自己消失，会“永久的”存在下去，某天可能会污染我们的海洋。故选D项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这是一个挑战没有“离开”。A. significance重要性；B.relief解脱；(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；C.instance实例；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“As far as we try to to
86、ss a piece of plasticwhether its into a recycling bin or notit does not disappear.”可知，虽然我们把塑料扔进垃圾桶，但是它并不会消失。这就是现在我们面临的“挑战”。故选D项。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：很可能，它最终以某种形式污染我们的社区、海洋或水道。A. originates from源于；B.ends up结束；最终；C. relates to与有关；D. goes beyond超越。根据后文“Recycling alone will never stop the flow of plastics
87、 into our oceans;”可知，循环利用解决不了塑料问题，塑料“最终”会进入海洋。故选B项。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们一直相信，塑料包装的问题可以通过更好的个人行动来解决。A. thrilled使非常兴奋；B. frustrated使沮丧；C. convinced使确信；D. concerned涉及。根据后文“But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess.”可知，多年来，我们相信自己所做的事情，但事实上我们无法循环利用我们的方式，从而走出这场混乱。故选C项。 【48题详解】考
88、查副词词义辨析。句意：有人告诉我们，如果我们简单的回收利用，我们就尽了自己的责任。A.skillfully熟练地；B. randomly随机；C. simply简单地；D.precisely准确地。根据后文“But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess.”可知，我们被告诉的通过“简单的”回收利用，就能解决塑料问题是错误的。故选C项。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人告诉我们，如果我们用可重复使用的瓶子喝水，我们就有足够的改变了。A. difference差异；B.proposal建议；C. discov
89、ery发现；D.choice选择。根据前文“were doing our part”及后文But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess.”可知，我们被告诉如果我们用可重复使用的瓶子喝水，我们就有了“足够的改变”。实际上，这也是不对的。故选A项。 【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：单靠回收再利用永远不会阻止塑料流入海洋；我们必须找到问题的根源，减缓所有这些塑料废料的产生。A. complexity复杂性；B.analysis分析；C.presence出席；D.source来源；源头。根据后文“Youd fir
90、st cut the flooding off at its sourcethe tap. ”可知，如果你的家因为水龙头开着而被洪水淹没，你首先要从源头处理关掉水龙头。同理，解决塑料问题也是要回到“源头”。故选D项。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：想想看：如果你的家因为水龙头开着而被洪水淹没，你的第一步就不会是开始拖地了。A. mopping用拖把擦干净；B. screaming尖叫；C. complaining抱怨；D. regretting后悔。根据前文“Think about it: if your home was flooding because you had left th
91、e tap on”及后文“Youd first cut the flooding off at its sourcethe tap.”可知，动词应该与家里发水时所做的事有关，分析选项，A项符合。故选A项。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们需要像可口可乐、联合利华、星巴克和雀巢这样的公司，继续大量生产一次性塑料瓶、杯子和吸管，以证明他们对自己制造的混乱负有真正的责任。A.Otherwise否则；B.Besides此外；C. However然而；D.Therefore因此。根据前文“ Youd first cut the flooding off at its sourcethe t
92、ap. In many ways, our plastics problem is no different.”可知，解决塑料问题也需要回到源头，与下文中提到的“we need corporationsthose like Coca-Cola, Unilever, Starbucks and Nestl”是因果关系。“因此”符合题意。故选D项。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们需要像可口可乐、联合利华、星巴克和雀巢这样的公司，继续大量生产一次性塑料瓶、杯子和吸管，以证明他们对自己制造的混乱负有真正的责任。A.enthusiasm热情；B. responsibility责任；C.
93、preference偏爱；D.demand需要。根据后文“there is no way that we can recycle our way out of a problem of that scale.”可知，这些大公司制造出来的巨量塑料不可能通过循环利用解决，而是需要大公司自己对此“负责任”。故选B项。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然清理工作有助于解决垃圾问题，但他们不能开始触及微塑料造成的问题。A.inadequate不充分的；B. helpful有益的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. fruitless没有成果的。分析语境可知，清理工作不能从根本上触及微塑料造成的
94、问题，只能“有助于”解决垃圾问题。故选B项。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界上最大的公司拥有所有的利润和创新实验室，它们完全有能力帮助我们超越一次性塑料。A. educated教育；B. acknowledged承认；C. established建立；D.positioned安装。根据后文“. All over the world people are already innovating toward solutions that focus on reusing and reducing plastics. ”可知，全世界的人们已经行动起来了，可以推测出各大公司也已经“做好准备。
95、be well positioned to do sth“做好准备去做某事”符合题意。故选D项。 Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information gi
96、ven in the passage you have just read.(A)During those barren winter months, with windows overlooking long-dead gardens, leafless trees, and lawns that seem to have an ashy look about them, nothing calms the uneasy nerves more than the vibrant green of plants surrounding the living spaces of ones hom
97、e. People browse through garden stores just to get a smell of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and to choose a plant or two to bring spring back into their winter-gray lives.Now there is even more of a need for “the green,” in light of recent articles warning us of the dangers of chemicals that we, ourselves, intr
98、oduce into our homes. Each time we bring clothes home from the cleaners, we release those chemicals into the closed-in air of our homes. Every cleanser releases its own kind of fumes.Some of the chemicals are formaldehyde (甲醛), chlorine, benzene, styrene, etc. Read the labels on many home products,
99、the ingredients arent even listed! During the winter, when those same windows are shut tight, we breathe in these chemicalscausing symptoms much like allergies (过敏). In fact, most people probably dismiss the effects of these chemicals simply as some allergy or other. The truth is that we are experie
100、ncing a syndrome that is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Now, what has this got to do with green plants? Everything healthy! Research has been conducted with two types of plants that have actually removed much of these harmful chemicals from the air.The two plants that seem to be the best bet
101、for ridding ones home of such chemicals are ferns (蕨类植物) and palms. These plants release moisture as part of photosynthesis and, as they do, pull chemicals from the air into their leaves. Even NASA has conducted some greenhouse experiments for long-term space exploration. Within hours, their plants
102、palms had removed almost all traces of formaldehyde in the room. Both species of plants are ancient, dating back more than a hundred million years. Another trait they share is that they both live long lives, 100 years or more. This we expect from trees, but ferns and palms are plants; plants that ca
103、n grow to 65 feet in the proper setting! Even their individual leaves live for one to two years ferns and one to nine years palms. Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have contributed to their ability to purify their environment.56. Why does the author think we are in greater need of “the gre
104、en” in our homes?A. To bring our long-dead gardens back to life.B. To get rid of harmful chemicals trapped there.C. To make us feel calmer and less worried.D. To serve as decorations as well as refresh us.57. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?A. The source of these c
105、hemicals released in our homes hasnt been identified.B. The chemicals can be removed immediately the two plants are put into use.C. People tend to underestimate the effects of the chemical in the closed-in places.D. People usually buy household products without referring to the ingredients on them.5
106、8. As for the two plants, their primary qualities friendly to indoor environment include _.A. the ability to absorb chemicals and live longB. their adaptability to indoor environmentC. the fast growth and attractiveness of their leavesD. the release of their moisture and fumes59. Which of the follow
107、ing may serve as the best title of the passage?A. Research in the New MillenniumB. Common Houseplants May Purify Your HomeC. Hidden Dangers in Your HomeD. NASA Experiment Finds the Cure【答案】56. B 57. C 58. A 59. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现常见的绿色室内植物可以净化家里空气中弥漫着的有害化学物质。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now there is even
108、more of a need for “the green,” in light of recent articles warning us of the dangers of chemicals that we, ourselves, introduce into our homes.（现在，我们甚至更需要“绿色”，因为最近有文章警告我们化学物质的危险，我们自己把化学物质带回我们家里。）”可知，作者认为我们在家里更需要“绿色”来清除弥漫在家里的有害化学物质。故选B项。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“During the winter, when those same windows
109、are shut tight, we breathe in these chemicalscausing symptoms much likeallergies(过敏).In fact, most people probably dismiss the effects of these chemicals simply as some allergy or other. The truth is that we are experiencing a syndrome that is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity.（在冬天，当这些窗户紧闭时，我们吸入这
110、些化学物质，导致类似过敏的症状。事实上，大多数人可能会把这些化学物质的影响仅仅当作某种过敏或其他。事实是，我们正在经历一种叫做多重化学敏感性的综合症。）”可知，选项C“人们往往低估化学品在封闭场所的影响。”正确。故选C项。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“These plants release moisture as part of photosynthesis and, as they do, pull chemicals from the air into their leaves.（作为光合作用的一部分，这些植物释放水分，同时把空气中的化学物质吸到叶子中。）”和“Another
111、trait they share is that they both live long lives, 100 years or more.（它们的另一个共同特征是寿命都很长，100岁或更久。）”可知，关于这两种植物，它们对室内环境友好的主要特征是吸收化学物质的能力和寿命很长。故选A项。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Research has been conducted with two types of plants that have actually removed much of these harmful chemicals from the air.（研究人员对两种植物进
112、行了研究，它们确实从空气中清除了大部分有害化学物质。）”以及最后一段中“Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have contributed to their ability to purify their environment.（也许正是它们的基本品质造就了它们净化环境的能力。）”可知，本文主要讲述了研究发现常见的绿色室内植物可以净化家里空气中弥漫的有害的化学物质，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“常见的室内植物可以净化你的家”符合题意。故选B项。(B)WE FOUND A FIX1. Get Free SupportJust want someo
113、ne to talk to? At , you can connect with a trained “active listener” for free, completely confidential advice. Choose a listener based on location and life experience, or let the site assign someone to you for an instant conversation.2. Clip Virtual CouponsLook for coupon codes on retailer and cash-
114、back websites. Just google the brand name and “promo code” to find the latest offerings. And who says that when you snooze (打盹), you lose? Sometimes leaving items in your shopping cart can add up to savings. You might get a pop-up with a coupon code to tempt you to purchase whats there or an e-mail
115、in your inbox with a discount offer.3. Cut Your Tax BillDoes anyone want to hear about taxes? Maybe not. But in this unusual year (the first time in history that the federal tax deadline has been extended to July 15), it pays to stay on top of things. The irs.gov website is surprisingly easy to navi
116、gate, and theres a link on the home page to the IRSs coronavirus tax-relief programs.4. Remove Stubborn Food StainsGot unattractive coffee and tea stains on a pot, or mug? Pick up some denture (假牙) cleaner. Dissolve one tablet per two cups of hot water, pour it into the stained vessel, and let it si
117、t for several hours. Then use a scrub brush to clean off the stains and any loosened bits. Pour the solution out and rinse thoroughly.5. Save Texting TimeOne lesser-known secret to typing on your phone: Double-tap the space bar on the keyboard when you finish a sentence. Doing so adds a period and a
118、 spaceand automatically capitalizes the next letter you type to start your next sentence.6. Preserve Your FragrancesIf you wish the scent of your eau de toilette or cologne lasted longer, store it in the fridge. “Growing up, Id always see my grandmothers in the fridge, and she told me it kept the fr
119、agrance longer and felt refreshing on the skin,” says TV style expert Hilary Kennedy. “I love keeping mine cool, especially during the summer and fall months.” Take note: Very cold temperatures can upset the balance of some delicate perfumes.60. Michael, who values efficiency most, can _.A. turn to
120、a trained listener at for free adviceB. look for coupon codes online to find the latest offeringsC. apply for tax-cut on the governments website this yearD. double-tap the space bar on the phone when texting61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. If perfume is prese
121、rved in the fridge at very cold temperature, its fragrance will last longer.B. Brushing the stain soon after applying the denture cleaner can remove the stubborn one.C. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the government has prolonged the tax deadline and cut taxes.D. Leaving items in shopping carts hel
122、ps you save as you can re-consider if they are worth buying.62. The purpose of this passage is to _.A. teach people how to deal with emergencyB. arouse peoples interest in fixing problemsC. offer tricks to help improve peoples lifeD. inform people of the latest scientific findings【答案】60. D 61. C 62.
123、 C【解析】本文是说明文。讲述了六个改善人们生活的小技巧。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据5. Save Texting Time部分的“One lesser-known secret to typing on your phone: Double-tap the space bar on the keyboard when you finish a sentence. Doing so adds a period and a spaceand automatically capitalizes the next letter you type to start your next senten
124、ce.( 在手机上打字的一个鲜为人知的秘密：当你完成一个句子时，双击键盘上的空格键。 这样做会增加一个句号和一个空格并自动大写您键入的下一个字母以开始下一个句子)”可知，迈克尔，看重效率，发短信时双击手机上的空格键可以提高效率。 故选D。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据3. Cut Your Tax Bill“But in this unusual year (the first time in history that the federal tax deadline has been extended to July 15), it pays to stay on top of things
125、. The irs.gov website is surprisingly easy to navigate, and theres a link on the home page to the IRSs coronavirus tax-relief programs.（但在这不寻常的一年，这是历史上第一次将联邦税收期限延长到7月15日，对于最重要的事情上是值得的。irs.gov网站令人惊讶地容易浏览，并且在主页上有一个链接到irs的冠状病毒税收减免计划）可知，由于冠状病毒的流行，政府延长了税收期限，并削减了税收。故选C。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题WE FOUND A FIX和黑体
126、小标题1. Get Free Support(得到免费帮助)；2. Clip Virtual Coupons(剪辑虚拟优惠券); 3. Cut Your Tax Bill(削减税收的法令)；4. Remove Stubborn Food Stains(去除顽固的食物污渍)；5. Save Texting Time(节省短信时间)；6. Preserve Your Fragrances(保存香水)可知，文章讲述改善人们生活的一些技巧。故选C。(C)As the coronavirus pandemic has unfolded, conspiracy (阴谋) theories about th
127、e virus have become an increasingly visible element of the timeline. Some conspiracy theorists combine their ideas with elements of pseudoscience (伪科学) which can result in unfounded beliefsfor example, that 5G technology, vaccines and genetically modified foods are part of a secret plan to spread th
128、e virus for purposes of controlling the public. Others point the finger at wealthy charitariansBill Gates, for example accusing such individuals of having released the virus or of using the pandemic to test vaccines on poorer populations.These theories have significant consequences for individuals a
129、nd societies, especially when they are supported by political and business leaders, or other trusted members of the community. They can decrease peoples willingness to follow social distancing directives and negatively impact peoples views on scientific findings. A pandemic is an especially dangerou
130、s time for conspiracy theories.So why, exactly, do these strange ideas spread, especially among our relatives, friends and neighbors who otherwise seem like reasonable citizens who take notice of scientific evidence and make sensible decisions about the health and safety of their families?Belief in
131、conspiracy theories has roots in a number of factors. For example, those who have suffered misfortune are more likely to support conspiracy theories as a means of explaining their undesirable lot in life. But when it comes to a global pandemicand the deaths and collapsing economy that it has brought
132、 aboutthree factors are key: uncertainty, anxiety and powerlessness.The less people feel in control of their world, the more likely they are to seek out ways to restore controlto fight their sense of powerlessness. When events are out of our control, the psychological burden can be relieved by turni
133、ng to alternative explanations for these events. In this case, we might choose to believe that the novel coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, was created in a lab and intentionally spread to cause harm. Such conspiracy theories explain what has happened and why, and offer us psychological relief.The
134、story is similar for anxiety and uncertainty. The pandemic has increased peoples worries about their physical, mental and economic health both in the short term and in the distant future. Conspiracy theories cannot remedy these circumstances. However, they can provide peace of mind that these unplea
135、sant consequences are no fault of ones own. Choosing to believe that COVID-19 is a hoax can reduce anxiety by playing down the severity of the circumstances. Its a purely psychological effect, to be surebut, then again, we primarily live in our own heads.To some extent, the object of the conspiracy
136、theories the virus is itself the source of the undesirable psychological states that promote belief in such theories. But this is not to say that our minds, and the conspiracy theories they adhere to, are completely at the mercy of an unmanageable virus. Political and social leaders can ease pandemi
137、c-caused anxiety and uncertainty by visibly taking the threat seriously, including steps to promote public health and to reduce the negative economic impact on people. And avoiding engaging in conspiracy theories themselves could limit the likelihood of the public turning further toward conspiracy t
138、heories for relief.63. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.A. conspiracy theories about coronavirus are not rare with the spread of COVID-19.B. people are likely to be misguided by conspiracy theories based on pseudoscience.C. charitarian as Bill Gates is, he purposely released the vi
139、rus in order to test new vaccines.D. the general public arent convinced that genetically modified foods help spread the coronavirus.64. What may the spread of conspiracy theories directly cause?A. Serious economic consequences.B. Decreased faith in influential figures.C. Increased support for public
140、 health orders.D. Public suspicion over scientific findings.65. According to the author, conspiracy theories spread because they have _.A. reduced the severity of the COVID-19 crisisB. scientifically explained the origins of the coronavirusC. offered psychological relief in the current circumstances
141、D. predicted the long-term economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis66. In order to stop the spread of conspiracy theories trusted members of the community can _.(1) avoid talking about conspiracy theories(2) deal with the COVID-19 crisis seriously(3) explain how ridiculous these theories are(4) stress
142、 that everything will return to normalA. (1)(2)B. (3)(4)C. (1)(3)D. (2)(4)【答案】63. B 64. D 65. C 66. A【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者分析了病毒阴谋论背后的目的，并给出了相信病毒阴谋论根源的三个关键因素：不确定性、焦虑和无力感。【63题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Some conspiracy theorists combine their ideas with elements of pseudoscience (伪科学) which can result in unfounded be
143、liefs”可知，一些阴谋论者将他们的想法与伪科学元素结合起来，这可能导致毫无根据的信念。也就是人们可能会被建立在伪科学基础上的阴谋论所误导。故选B。【64题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They can decrease peoples willingness to follow social distancing directives and negatively impact peoples views on scientific findings.”可知，它们（阴谋论）会降低人们遵循社交距离指示的意愿，并使人们对科学发现的看法产生负面影响。也就是阴谋论的传播可能直接导致公众对科
144、学发现产生怀疑。故选D。【65题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Such conspiracy theories explain what has happened and why, and offer us psychological relief.”（这些阴谋论解释了所发生的事情和原因，并给我们提供了心理安慰）可知作者认为，阴谋论之所以传播开来，是因为它在当前环境下提供了心理安慰。故选C。【66题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Political and social leaders can ease pandemic-caused anxiety and uncertaint
145、y by visibly taking the threat seriously, including steps to promote public health and to reduce the negative economic impact on people.”（政治和社会领导人可以通过明显地认真对待这一威胁，包括采取措施促进公共卫生和减少对人民的负面经济影响，来缓解流行病造成的焦虑和不确定性）以及“And avoiding engaging in conspiracy theories themselves could limit the likelihood of the pu
146、blic turning further toward conspiracy theories for relief.”（避免参与阴谋论本身可以限制公众进一步转向阴谋论以寻求安慰的可能性）可知，为了阻止阴谋论的传播，社区中值得信任的成员可以避免谈论阴谋论和认真应对新冠肺炎危机。故选A。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there
147、are two more sentences than you need.You return from work on a muggy August evening. Your unwashed teenage son is on the sofa playing Fortnite, as he has been doing for the past eight hours. Your daughter, scrolling through(滚动浏览)Instagram, acknowledges your presence with a rude grunt (咕哝). Not for t
148、he first time, you ask yourself: why are school summer holidays so insufferably long?_67_ Many children will return from the long break having forgotten much of what they were taught the previous year. One study from the American South found that this “summer learning loss” could be as high as a qua
149、rter of the years education. Poor children tend to be the worst affected, since rich ones typically live in homes full of books and are packed off to summer camp to learn robotics, Latin or the flute. A study from Baltimore found that variations in summer loss might possibly account for two-thirds o
150、f the achievement gap between rich and poor children by the age of 14-15. Long holidays definitely strain the budgets of poor families, since free school meals stop and extra child care kicks in.Summer holidays vary greatly from country to country. South Korea children get only three weeks off. Chil
151、dren in Italy and Turkey get a whopping three months. So do those in America, while their parents, unless they are teachers, have an average of only three weeks off a year, among the shortest holidays in the rich world. _68_ But for their children, six weeks out of class is plenty.It would be unwise
152、 to import South Koreas pressure-cooker approach, in which a single exam determines every childs future. _69_ Yes, it would cost money, but there are ways to pay for it. One is to have larger classes. Many parents are obsessed with teacher-to-pupil ratios, but there is not enough evidence that they
153、make much difference. The average Japanese lower-secondary class is more than 50% larger than the average British one, but Japanese children get better results.More time in school need not mean repeating the same old lessons. _70_ And the summer could also be a time for different kinds of learning:
154、critical thinking, practical skills, financial literacy, work placements with local firmsschools should be free to experiment. Space should not be a problem. Many school buildings sit idle in the summer.A. In other words, many public services are simply unavailable for a quarter of the year.B. Some
155、extra drilling would be beneficial, particularly for those falling behind.C. This is a more serious question than it sounds.D. Some well-off children often already use the summer to broaden their minds and even do their summer jobs.E. But plenty of Western children could usefully spend a bit longer
156、at their books.F. Companies should let them take a bit more, since burnt-out workers are less productive.【答案】67. C 68. F 69. E 70. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了暑假过长对于学生的成长没有好处。【67题详解】根据上文最后一句的问题“Not for the first time, you ask yourself: why are school summer holidays so insufferably long?(你已经不止一次地问自己：为什么学校的
157、暑假这么长?)”和后句“Many children will return from the long break having forgotten much of what they were taught the previous year.(许多孩子在长时间的假期结束后将会忘记前一年所学的大部分内容。)”可知，有比暑假时间长更严重的问题。所以选择项C“This is a more serious question than it sounds.(这是个比听起来更严重的问题。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“question”与上文最后的问题“why are school summer ho
158、lidays so insufferably long?”相一致。故选C。【68题详解】根据前句“So do those in America, while their parents, unless they are teachers, have an average of only three weeks off a year, among the shortest holidays in the rich world. (美国人也是如此，而他们的父母，除非他们是教师，每年平均只有三个星期的假期，在发达国家中是最短的假期之一。)”可知，美国人的假期少，应该给他们多一些假期。所以选择项F“C
159、ompanies should let them take a bit more, since burnt-out workers are less productive. (公司应该让他们多一点假期，因为疲惫不堪的员工效率会更低。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。【69题详解】根据前句“It would be unwise to import South Koreas pressure-cooker approach, in which a single exam determines every childs future. (效仿韩国的压力锅式教育方法是不明智的，因为单次考试就能决定每一个孩子
160、的前途。)”可知，虽然韩国的压力锅式教育方法不可取，但花点时间读书还是有用的。所以选择项E“But plenty of Western children could usefully spend a bit longer at their books. (但许多西方孩子在读书上多花一点时间还是有用的。)”符合上下文语境。前后句之间为转折关系。故选E。【70题详解】根据前句“More time in school need not mean repeating the same old lessons. (更多在学校里的时间并不意味着重复旧的课时。)”可知，在学校的时间对学生是有好处的。所以选择
161、项B“Some extra drilling would be beneficial, particularly for those falling behind. (一些额外的教学是有益的，尤其对于学习进度落后的学生而言。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。IV. Summary writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as fa
162、r as possibleIs renting clothes greener than buying them?Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shoppers. But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and aut
163、hor Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that its not as sustainable as it seems.Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective
164、fashion habit after manufacturing. She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home i
165、s 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levis.”Then theres the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when its returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental serv
166、ices that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant that is still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with hydrocarbon alternatives, although these arent great either.Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fas
167、hion, simply because its so easily accessible. Theres something called “share washing” that makes people engage in more wasteful behaviors precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as “a way to share rides and
168、limit car ownership.” and yet “it has been proven to discourage walking, bicycling, and public transportation use.”Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldnt let the availability of these services make us too satisfied
169、. Theres an even better stepand thats wearing what is already in the closet.【答案】Despite a rising market for renting clothes, some research shows its not necessarily environmentally-friendly. Renting involves larger carbon emissions from two-way transportation of clothing and pollution caused by wash
170、ing. Also, people tend to waste due to the easy access to rental services with a false belief that sharing goes green. Therefore, its wiser to wear whats already in our wardrobe. (60 words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。租衣服比买衣服真的更环保吗？记者兼作家Elizabeth Cline调查发现共享租衣的环保性并不像看上去的那样可持续。【详解】1 要点摘录Clothing rental is a hot
171、new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shoppers. Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that its not as sustainable as it seems.Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented receiving a
172、nd returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase
173、our appetite for fast fashion, simply because its so easily accessible. because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Theres an even better stepand thats wearing what is already in the closet.2.缜密构思将第1点进行概括缩减；第2、3两个要点进行重组；将第4个要点进行整合；将第5个要点作为总结。3.遣词造句Despite a risi
174、ng market for renting clothes, some research shows its not necessarily environmentally-friendly.Renting involves larger carbon emissions from two-way transportation of clothing and pollution caused by washing.People tend to waste due to the easy access to rental services with a false belief that sha
175、ring goes green. Its wiser to wear whats already in our wardrobe.【点睛】高分句型1 Despite a rising market for renting clothes, some research shows its not necessarily environmentally-friendly.（使用了despite引导让步状语从句和省略that的宾语从句等表达高级）高分句型2 People tend to waste due to the easy access to rental services with a fa
176、lse belief that sharing goes green. （使用了由that连接的同位语从句，用法比较高级。）高分句型3Its wiser to wear whats already in our wardrobe.（使用了it作形式主语和由what引导的宾语从句，表达非常高级。）第II卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 不可否认，老师往往更关注积极性很高的学生。(There)（汉译英
177、）【答案】There is no denying that teachers tend to pay attention to highly-motivated students.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、形容词和动词短语。表示“不可否认”应用固定句型There is no denying that.；表示“有.的倾向”用tend to do sth.；表示“关注”用动词短语pay attention to；表示“积极性很高的”用形容词highly-motivated，作定语。故翻译为There is no denying that teachers tend to pay attenti
178、on to highly-motivated students。73. 经过三年的修复，这家影院配备了一流的设备，如今焕然一新。(equip) （汉译英）【答案】After three-year/three years restoration, the cinema has been equipped with the top-class equipment/facilities, taking on a new look now.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词、短语和时态语态。表示“经过三年的修复”应用短语After three-year/three years restoration，作
179、时间状语；表示“电影院”应用the cinema，作主语；表示“配备了一流的设备”应用短语 be equipped with the top-class equipment/facilities，作谓语，与主语是被动关系，且根据时间状语，用现在完成时，且主语是单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数；表示“如今焕然一新”应用短语, taking on a new look now.，作意料之中的结果，用现在分词短语。故翻译为After three-year/three years restoration, the cinema has been equipped with the top-class e
180、quipment/facilities, taking on a new look now.【点睛】74. 家长不仅可以鼓励孩子从小学习绘画而且可以多带孩子领略世界名画的风采，这对孩子的全面发展很有裨益。(Not only) （汉译英）【答案】Not only can parents encourage children to learn painting from an early age, but also they can take children to appreciate world-famous paintings, which is beneficial to children
181、s overall development.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查倒装句，短语和定语从句。分析句子可知，not only置句首句子用部分倒装，时态用一般现在时；表示“家长不仅可以鼓励孩子从小学习绘画”应用 parents encourage children to learn painting from an early age，can置于主语前部分倒装；not only.but also.是固定短语；表示“多带孩子领略世界名画的风采”应用 they can take children to appreciate world-famous paintings；表示“这对孩子的全面发展很有
182、裨益”应用which is beneficial to childrens overall development.，which指代上文的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，从句中作主语，故翻译为Not only can parents encourage children to learn painting from an early age, but also they can take children to appreciate world-famous paintings, which is beneficial to childrens overall development.【点睛】75
183、. 面对电子商务的挑战，这家公司不急功近利，而是潜心经营。最终开发了独具匠心的产品，扭亏为盈。(turn) （汉译英）【答案】Faced with the challenge from the e-commerce, the company, not eager for instant success, concentrated on management, finally developed an original/innovative/creative product, turning losses into gains.【解析】【详解】考查动词，短语和非谓语动词。表示“面对电子商务的挑战
184、”应用短语Faced with the challenge from the e-commerce，作伴随状语；表示“这家公司”用the company，作主语；表示“不急功近利，而是潜心经营”应用eager for instant success, concentrated on management，作伴随状语；表示“最终开发了独具匠心的产品”应用finally develope an original/innovative/creative product，作谓语，根据句意，用一般过去时；表示“扭亏为盈”用turn losses into gains，作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果，用现
185、在分词形式，故翻译为Faced with the challenge from the e-commerce, the company, not eager for instant success, concentrated on management, finally developed an original/innovative/creative product, turning losses into gains.VI. Guided writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words accordi
186、ng to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明。近来，你看到学校门口的道路施工给在校师生和周边居民带来诸多不便。于是你决定给施工部门负责人写封信。希望改进他们的作业方式。你的信包括如下内容：1） 就如何解决这一问题提出建议；2） 说明你的理由。【答案】Dear Director， Im Li Ming，a student from Grade 3I am writing to hope you improve your working methods. Because of the road construction i
187、n front of our school, brings many inconveniences to us students as well as our teachers and the surrounding residents.The road construction frequently cause traffic jams near the school gate，which makes us worrying about the hidden danger. Machines make so loud noise influencing peoples rest. So I
188、strongly recommend some effective and urgent measures be takenFirst，it is hoped that you will reasonably plan the working time, in order to not only help reduce the jam but benefit residents health as wellBesides，it is also a good idea to make the trucks entering and leaving the site at nightI do ho
189、pe my suggestions can be considered and the problem can be solved soon Yours，Li Ming【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给给施工部门负责人写封信，反映学校门口的道路施工给在校师生和周边居民带来的诸多不便并希望改进他们的作业方式。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1） 就如何解决这一问题提出建议；2） 说明你的理由。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）improve your worki
190、ng methods，road construction，bring inconveniences，traffic jam，worry about，loud noise，recommend，take measures，it is hoped that，a good idea，consider第三步：连词成句1.I am writing to hope you improve your working methods.2. Because of the road construction in front of our school, brings many inconveniences to
191、us students as well as our teachers and the surrounding residents.3.The road construction frequently cause traffic jams near the school gate，which makes us worrying about the hidden danger. 4.Machines make so loud noise influencing peoples rest. So I strongly recommend some effective and urgent meas
192、ures be taken5.First，it is hoped that you will reasonably plan the working time, in order to not only help reduce the jam but benefit residents health as well6.Besides，it is also a good idea to make the trucks entering and leaving the site at night7.I do hope my suggestions can be considered and the
193、 problem can be solved soon根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First2.表并列补充关系：Besides，not only.but also3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but,（供参考） 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result（供参考） 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 The road construction freque
194、ntly cause traffic jams near the school gate，which makes us worrying about the hidden danger.使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；高分句型2 First，it is hoped that you will reasonably plan the working time, in order to not only help reduce the jam but benefit residents health as well使用了it形式主语，that引导的主语从句；高分句型3 I do hope my suggestions can be considered and the problem can be solved soon使用了被动语态和宾语从句
