1、第二部分 人与社会中考英语教材基础练 话题13 历史与社会第74练微语境词汇运用一、词汇运用 A)根据汉语或首字母提示,完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确、语言通顺。1.2022上海青浦区一模Harvard is one of the oldest and most famous universities in the (世界).2.2022上海嘉定区一模It took the a Chinese people several hundred years to finish building the Great Wall.答案1.world 句意:哈佛大学是世界上最古老、最著名的大学之一。根据汉语
2、提示可知此处指在世界上in the world,故填world。2.ancient 句意:古代中国人花了几百年建成长城。根据首字母提示可知此处指古代中国人,故填ancient。3.2022南通一模Every time we Chinese need help in a f country,at our back stands a strong motherland.4.2022安徽中考 May the whole world be full of (和平),love,and happiness.答案3.foreign 句意:每当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候,在我们的背后站着一个强大的祖国。根
3、据our back和a strong motherland以及首字母提示可知,此处指中国人在国外,故填foreign。4.peace 句意:愿整个世界充满和平、爱与幸福。根据句意和汉语提示可知应填peace。5.Our (政府)is looking for some ways,including three-child policy to deal with the problem of the ageing population(人口老龄化).6.2022晋中榆次区一模Chinese is more and more popular.So it is!Its becoming a neces
4、sary skill in the (国际的)community.答案5.government 句意:我们的政府正在寻找包括三孩政策在内的一些方法来解决人口老龄化问题。6.international 句意:中文越来越流行。的确如此!它正在成为国际社会的一项必要技能。根据语境和汉语提示可知,此处是说在国际社会中必要的技能,故填international。B)用所给单词的适当形式填空。7.2022安庆一模The (western)often use a knife and fork to eat.8.2022青岛莱西一模Many languages in the world (speak)by s
5、mall groups of people.9.2022上海青浦区一模Yuan Longpings story proves that nothing is (possible)if you put your effort into it.答案7.westerners 句意:西方人经常用刀叉吃饭。根据语境和句子结构可知,设空处应是名词。又根据设空后的use可知,设空处应用复数形式。故填westerners。8.are spoken Many languages in the world是谓语speak的承受者,故应用被动语态;又根据语境及Many languages可知此处应填are spok
6、en。9.impossible 句意:袁隆平的故事证明了只要你努力,没有什么是不可能的。is后接形容词作表语,结合句意可知,此处是说没什么是不可能的,故填impossible。10.2022上海青浦区一模A (tradition)Chinese idiom says that only when the root is firm,the branches flourish.11.2022苏州一模Although (America)people and (Britain)people speak the same language,their cultures are quite differe
7、nt.答案10.traditional 句意:中国有个成语叫根深叶茂。tradition传统是名词,此处应该用形容词作定语,tradition的形容词为traditional传统的。故填traditional。11.American;British 句意:虽然美国人和英国人说同一种语言,但他们的文化却大不相同。根据句子结构可知,此处变名词America为形容词American;变名词Britain为形容词British。12.2022南京鼓楼区一模The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games gave the athletes a chance to set as
8、ide 。(culture)differences and work together for a shared future.13.Now China is one of the few (nation)that can produce COVID-19 vaccines(疫苗)on a large scale(规模).答案12.cultural 句意:北京2022年冬奥会为运动员们提供了一个抛开文化差异、为共享未来而共同努力的机会。根据语境可知此处指抛开文化差异,set aside表示抛开。故填cultural。13.nations 句意:现在,中国是少数几个能够大规模生产新冠病毒疫苗的国
9、家之一。根据one of.可知,此处用名词复数。故填nations。二、微语篇填空 A 2022广州番禺区一模A long time ago,there was a girl named Hua Mulan in ancient China.When she was young,the 14.wanted to capture her country.Her father was too old to go into the battle,so she dressed up like a man and joined the army instead of her father.Luckily
10、,no one 15.she was a girl in the army.The truth became a 16.secret that only she knew.She fought very bravely and her army succeeded in 17.against the enemies in the battle.At last,she returned to her hometown and people finally knew the truth Hua Mulan was a girl.She became a hero in peoples heart.
11、In ancient times,people created many poems 18.her.Nowadays,the movie Mulanis directed to remember her.guard enemy notice private in memory of 答案【短文大意】本文主要讲述了花木兰替父参军的故事。14.enemy 根据Her father was too old to go into the battle可知此处是说,敌国想要占领她的国家,故填enemy。15.noticed 句意:幸运的是,在军队里,没有人注意到她是个女孩。此空缺少动词作谓语,根据no
12、one.she was a girl可知此处是说,没人注意到她是个女孩;又根据全文时态可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填noticed。16.private 句意:真相变成了只有她知道的私人秘密。此空缺少形容词修饰名词secret,根据secret that only she knew可知应填private。17.guarding 句意:她非常勇敢地战斗,她的军队在战斗中成功地抵御了敌人。根据against the enemies可知,此处指抵御敌人,guard against抵御;又根据succeed in doing sth.成功做某事可知应填guarding。18.in memory of
13、句意:古时候,人们创作许多诗来纪念她。根据句意及下文中的remember可知此处应填in memory of。B 2022广州西关外国语学校一模China is one of the few countries to have nuclear energy in space technology.Scientist Qian Xuesen who is known 19.played an important role in it.Qian went 20.after graduation to study rocketry in the US.Though he was highly pai
14、d in the US,Qian was still worried about Chinas development.Therefore,he made a 21.to return to his homeland in the 1950s.After a 22.of experiments,China 23.launched its first atomic bomb in 1964.Qian was considered as father of space technology for his great achievements.However,he remained modest.
15、Qian Xuesen placed national interest ahead of 24.gain.He should be remembered for his deep love of his country,said Zhang Yiwu,a professor at Peking University.abroad decide series person successful all over the world 答案【短文大意】本文主要介绍了钱学森的经历及其对国家的贡献。19.all over the world 句意:世界著名科学家钱学森在这方面起到了重要的作用。know
16、n all over the world意为世界著名的,举世闻名的,故填all over the world。20.abroad 句意:毕业后,钱学森出国去美国学习火箭技术。根据study rocketry in the US可知他出国了,go abroad出国。故填abroad。21.decision 句意:因此,他决定在20世纪50年代回到他的祖国。根据to return to his homeland in the 1950s可知他作出回到自己祖国的决定,make a decision作出决定。故填decision。22.series 句意:经过一系列试验,中国于1964年成功地发射了第
17、一颗原子弹。根据After a.of experiments可推知此处指是一系列的试验,a series of 一系列。故填series。23.successfully 句意:经过一系列试验,中国于1964年成功地发射了第一颗原子弹。根据launched its first atomic bomb in 1964可推知此处指成功发射第一颗原子弹,故填successfully。24.personal 句意:钱学森把国家利益置于个人利益之上。结合语境可知,此处指个人利益,personal个人的,形容词作定语。故填personal。第75练教材句型迁移一、教材句型仿写 1.人教九全Unit 8,Se
18、ction A 3a,P59Nothing much ever happened around here.仿写:看来不会发生什么有趣的事。2.人教九全Unit 8,Section A 3a,P59改编There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.仿写:在你的人生中一定有一些你想要铭记的事情。答案1.Nothing much interesting seemed to happen.2.There must be something you want to remember in your life.3.人教九全 U
19、nit 8,Section B 2b,P62Stonehenge,a rock circle,is not only one of Britains most famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries.仿写:家长们不仅应该教孩子们知识,还应该教他们辨别是非(discrimination between right and wrong)。4.人教九全Unit 8,Section B 2b,P62Stonehenge was built so many centuries ago.仿写:孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。答案
20、3.Parents should teach children not only knowledge but also discrimination between right and wrong.4.The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.5.人教九全Unit 8,Section B 2b,P62改编One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built.仿写:这是今年出现的最好的小说之一。6.冀教九全Unit 8,Lesson 46,P120Canada is ho
21、me to many cultures.仿写:这些岛是多种鸟儿的栖息地。答案5.This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.6.The islands are home to many species of birds.7.冀教九全Unit 8,Lesson 45,P118In both China and North America,it is polite to offer an elderly person a seat on the bus.仿写:吃饭时让客人或者年纪大的人先品尝每一道菜总是礼貌的。答案7.It
22、 is always polite to let guests or elder people at table taste every dish first.二、高级句型转换 8.You must be careful when you cross the road.(用cant.enough进行转换)高级句型:。9.Most people probably think Einstein is the most intelligent person who ever lived.(用regard.as.进行转换)高级句型:。答案8.You cant be careful enough whe
23、n you cross the road.9.Most people probably regard Einstein as the most intelligent person who ever lived.三、补全对话 根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两个为多余选项。A:Hi,Lin Tao.Have you ever heard of a 65-year-old woman named Zhang Guimei?B:Not yet.10.A:She is the headmaster of Huaping Senior High School for G
24、irls in Lijiang City,Yunnan Province.B:Really?When did she set up the school?A:In 2008.11.B:Oh,I see.Where do the girl students in the school come from?A:They are all from poor families.B:12.A:No.Not only does the school offer them free education,but it also offers them some necessary daily items.B:
25、13.How many girls have gone to universities or colleges?A:14.B:Great!I think they will never forget their headmaster Ms.Zhang.答案1014 BGFDA A.More than 1,800.B.What does she do?C.What happened to her?D.Wow,how lucky they are!E.Do they go to school every day?F.Do they need to pay for the education?G.S
26、he used to work as a teacher before that.第76练重点语法复习一、单项选择 1.Listen!I think it be Mrs.Li singing in the next room.It be her.I know she has already left for New York.A.may;mustB.must;cant C.must;mustnt D.cant;must 答案1.B 听!我想一定是Mrs.Li在隔壁唱歌。不可能是她。我知道她已经去纽约了。根据题干中的I think可知第一空处推测在隔壁唱歌的是Mrs.Li,用must或者may均
27、可;根据题干中的I know she has already left for New York可知Mrs.Li已经去了纽约,故第二空处是说她不可能在隔壁唱歌,否定推测用cant,故选B。2.2021沈阳铁西区二模Can I tell my best friend about it?No,I dont want anyone else to know it.You keep it to yourself.A.mayB.need C.canD.must 3.2022天津红桥区二模Sophie,I join you in the community service?Of course you ca
28、n.A.mustB.need C.shouldD.can 答案2.D 根据题干中的No,I dont want anyone else to know it可知,设空处是说,你必须要保密。故选D。3.D 根据题干中的Of course you can以及语境可知,设空处表示请求,故选D。4.2022天津和平区三模改编Excuse me,must I return this book next week?No,you .You can return it by the end of this term.A.needntB.cant C.shouldntD.mustnt 5.2022盐城景山中学三
29、模You be careful when a stranger asks about your personal information.I will.Thanks a lot.A.mightB.may C.canD.must 答案4.A 根据题干中的must以及No可知,设空处是说,你不需要。故选A。5.D 根据题干中的be careful when a stranger asks about your personal information可知此处是说,陌生人询问你的个人信息时你必须要小心。二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 6.2022沈阳皇姑区二模改编When you visit a
30、 foreign country,it is important (know)how to ask for help politely.7.Mary,Ive got a chance to get a set of Lu Xuns books for free.Lucky you!I have expected (read)his books for long.8.2022武汉江汉区二模改编I think we are supposed (show)our health code first before entering.I agree.Thats very important now.答案
31、6.to know 7.to read 8.to show 三、根据语境,从下面方框中选择合适的连词填空 9.2022怀化中考改编I want to buy something special for my grandmother,her birthday is coming.10.2022营口二模改编I will try my best in the driving test I may fail.Wonderful!I will support you all the time.答案9.because 10.though though because so that if unless 1
32、1.2022重庆八中二模Learning to write is learning to think.You dont know things clearly you write them down.12.Teenagers should learn as much as possible they can get ready for the future.13.2022广西北部湾经济区二模改编You need to practice writing every day you want to become a writer.答案11.unless 12.so that 13.if 四、根据所
33、给要求完成句子 14.I was expected to arrive at 7:00.(对画线部分提问)you to arrive?15.Youre supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time.(对画线部分提问)are you to do when you meet someone for the first time?答案14.When were;expected 15.What;supposed 第77练话题语篇拓展Passage 1 话题:缩小城乡教育差距 建议用时:8分钟 2022广州白云区一模In
34、 recent years,the Chinese government has tried its best to narrow the educational gap between rural and urban areas(缩小城乡教育差距).The country has made 1 to improve education in poor areas.With the help of the Project Hope,more and more new schools have been built in the poor areas;more college graduates
35、 have been sent there to 2;and more money has been 3 helping students from poor families.Lets take a look at what the government has done.Bringing better teaching resources(资源)There is a 4 English class in a rural middle school in Sichuan.Through an online video chat,Bill from England is teaching st
36、udents English.The 5 of the local government is to bring better English education resources to kids.The government of Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province has introduced Classroom in the Air video courses to its schools so that rural students can 6 education resources with urban students.With rich educatio
37、n resources at hand,students will have 7 chances to learn from different teachers.Financial(财政的)help Students from poor families can apply for student loans with no interest(申请无息助学贷款)when they 8 colleges or universities.Also they can apply for student aid that makes going to school 9 free.Colleges o
38、r universities also provide scholarships(奖学金)for good students.Li Dong is a student from a poor county in Guizhou.With the help of the local government,he won a scholarship 10 he attended his dream college.Ill study hard and give back to the society,Li Dong said before leaving his hometown for colle
39、ge.1.A.painsB.efforts C.actionsD.guesses 2.A.joinB.study C.visitD.teach 3.A.spentB.took C.costD.used 4.A.commonB.special C.powerfulD.boring 5.A.goalB.score C.brandD.pride 6.A.preferB.reflect C.shareD.exchange 7.A.a set ofB.plenty of C.a piece ofD.a pair of 8.A.valueB.honor C.enterD.receive 9.A.serio
40、uslyB.suddenly C.hardlyD.nearly 10.A.butB.andC.orD.so答案【短文大意】本文主要讲述了中国政府为缩小城乡教育差距所做出的努力。1.B pain痛苦;effort努力;action行动;guess猜想。根据the Chinese government has tried its best.可知此处是说国家努力改善贫困地区的教育。故选B。2.D 句意:更多的大学毕业生被派往那里任教。join加入;study学习;visit参观;teach教。根据more college graduates have been sent there.可知为了改善教育
41、,应该是派更多的大学毕业生去贫困地区教书。故选D。3.A 句意:更多的钱被用于帮助贫困家庭的学生。spend花费,主语是人,常用结构:sb.spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.;take花费,常用结构:It takes sb.time to do sth.;cost花费,主语是物;use使用。根据more money以及helping students可知此处是sb.spend money doing sth.的被动形式。故选A。4.B common普通的;special特殊的;powerful有力的;boring无聊的。根据Through an on
42、line video chat,Bill from England is teaching students English可知他们是通过在线视频聊天学英语,和平时的英语课堂相比是很特别的。故选B。5.A 句意:当地政府的目标是为孩子们带来更好的英语教育资源。goal目标;score得分;brand品牌;pride骄傲。根据to bring better English education resources to kids可知这是政府这样做的目的,故选A。6.C prefer更喜欢;reflect反映;share分享;exchange交换。根据rural students can 6 edu
43、cation resources with urban students可知空中课堂可以让农村学生和城市学生共享教育资源。故选C。7.B a set of一副;plenty of大量;a piece of一块,一片;a pair of一双。根据With rich education resources at hand可知此处是说,拥有丰富的教育资源在手边,学生将有大量机会向不同的老师学习。故选B。8.C 句意:贫困家庭学生进入高等院校时可申请无息助学贷款。value重视;honor尊敬;enter进入;receive收到。根据colleges or universities以及常识可知是进入大
44、学时有无息贷款。故选C。9.D 句意:他们还可以申请助学金,使上学几乎免费。seriously严肃地;suddenly突然;hardly几乎不;nearly几乎。由上文可知,上大学可以申请无息助学贷款,也有助学金,这样上学几乎是免费的。故选D。10.B 句意:他获得了奖学金并去了理想的大学。根据句意可知选B。Passage 2 话题:丝绸之路 建议用时:8分钟 2022济南历下区一模The Silk Road was actually a network of trade routes(线路)between China and Europe.Traders carrying Chinese s
45、ilk and other goods followed routes that crossed Eastern Europe,the Middle East,Central Asia,and the Far East.Many traders traveled on camels in groups called caravans.In a caravan,fifty or more camels might travel in a line.Traveling the Silk Road could be unbearable.Warring soldiers,bandits(土匪),an
46、d terribly bad weather such as sandstorms troubled the caravans.Caravansaries eased the way for tired tradesmen.These were huge guest houses that welcomed traveling traders.Caravansaries are on the Silk Road from Trkiye to China.At a caravansary,traders were safe from harm.There,they could enjoy tas
47、ty meals,rest,and ready themselves for the onward journey.The caravansary was protected with high,strong walls.The one door was tall and wide enough for a loaded pack animal to enter.Along the inside of the walls were guest rooms for traders,their servants and their goods.Some guest houses provided
48、stables(马厩)for animals.Others had open central courtyards where pack animals like horses,camels,and elephants drank from stone water troughs.Caravansaries were placed within a days journey of each other.This allowed traders(with their precious silk and other trade goods)to avoid spending nights unde
49、r the Silk Roads bad conditions.In many places,there was usually a caravansary every 20 to 25 miles(about 32 to 40 kilometers).The caravansary provided more than a place to rest.There,traders could exchange goods and pack animals,buy local products,and socialize with other trade travelers.Thus,carav
50、ansaries provided places for people of diverse cultures to share knowledge about arts,crafts,literature,science,and technologies.Over hundreds of years,trade along the Silk Road allowed cultures and languages to influence one another.11.According to the passage,was not on the Silk Road.A.Eastern Eur
51、opeB.Central Asia C.The Far EastD.Western Europe 12.Traders on the Silk Road may not meet according to the passage.A.warring soldiersB.sandstorms C.caravansariesD.rainstorms 13.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A.The size of a caravansaries.B.The location of caravansaries.C.The environment of car
52、avansaries.D.The changes of caravansaries.14.What can we learn about caravansaries according to the passage?A.There were small houses for traders to have a short rest.B.The animals were not allowed to enter the caravansaries.C.There were high and strong walls protecting the animals.D.Caravansaries w
53、ere important places for cultural exchange.15.What is the writers purpose to write this passage?A.To describe the bad conditions on the Silk Road.B.To tell what products were traded on the Silk Road.C.To introduce the caravansaries on the Silk Road.D.To show us the history of the caravansaries.答案【短文
54、大意】本文主要介绍了中国古代丝绸之路上商队客店的重要性、商队客店的布置以及商队客店对文化和语言的影响。11.D 细节理解题。根据Traders carrying Chinese silk and other goods followed routes that crossed Eastern Europe,the Middle East,Central Asia,and the Far East可知,丝绸之路穿过东欧、中东、中亚和远东,根据文中信息可知不经过西欧,故选D。12.D 细节理解题。根据Warring soldiers,bandits(土匪),and terribly bad wea
55、ther such as sandstorms troubled the caravans及Caravansaries eased the way for tired tradesmen可知选D。13.B 段落大意题。通读第四段,尤其是In many places,there was usually a caravansary every 20 to 25 miles(about 32 to 40 kilometers)可知,第四段主要介绍商队客店的位置,故选B。14.D 细节理解题。根据caravansaries provided places for people of diverse c
56、ultures to share knowledge about arts,crafts,literature,science,and technologies可知,商队客店是文化交流的重要场所,故选D。15.C 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了中国古代丝绸之路上商队客店的重要性、布置以及其对文化交流的影响,故选C。第78练话题书面表达 Section A 2022泰州泰兴一模改编新时代的青少年应有梦想、有行动,立志成为对社会有用之人。你校英文校刊开展了主题为Be a strong Chinese teenager的征稿活动。假如你是李华,请根据以下提示,展开合理想象,写一篇英文短文投稿。注意:1.
57、语意连贯,层次清楚,书写规范;2.表达中请勿提及真实的姓名与校名;3.词数100左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。Be a strong Chinese teenager With the fast development of science and technology,China has become one of the most powerful countries in the world.A strong country needs strong teenagers,so its our duty to improve ourselves.文章结构指导 好词好句集锦 好词:in g
58、ood health;be supposed to;take an interest in;develop good study habits;instead of 好句:last but not least;Its meaningful for us to.;If we follow these,we will be.高分范文填空 阅读范文,选择前面的好词好句并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。Be a strong Chinese teenager With the fast development of science and technology,China has become
59、 one of the most powerful countries in the world.A strong country needs strong teenagers,so its our duty to improve ourselves.I think we have lots of things to do.First,we should learn to be honest and thankful.We 1.be friendly to others and behave politely in public.Second,we should 2.our study and
60、 we must work hard.At the same time,we should 3.,such as listening carefully in class and going over what we have learnt in time.Third,its helpful to be 4.Wed better have enough healthy food 5.junk food.And we should spend at least an hour doing sports every day.6.,we can spend our weekends doing so
61、me voluntary work at our community center or in the Old Peoples Home.Its meaningful for us to do something for others.7.,we will be strong enough to realize our dreams.答案1.are supposed to 2.take an interest in 3.develop good study habits 4.in good health 5.instead of 6.Last but not least 7.If we fol
62、low these Section B 家乡近年来的快速发展带来了许多新鲜事物,也带走了许多回忆。请你以Great changes in my hometown为题写一篇英语短文,介绍你家乡近年来的变化。要点:1.家乡过去是什么样?2.家乡现在是什么样?3.你对这些变化的感受是什么?要求:1.文中不得出现真实姓名及校名;2.80词左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。Great changes in my hometown My hometown has changed a lot in recent years.答案One possible version:Great changes in my
63、hometown My hometown has changed a lot in recent years.In the past,there were not so many tall buildings in the city,and the buildings were old.But now many new and tall buildings have appeared in the city.In my memory,there were only some small parks in the city.But now there are many different kinds of beautiful parks in the city.The roads in my hometown were narrow in the past,but now there are many overpasses and subways.I am proud of the changes in my hometown,and I hope it will be better and better.