1、形容词知识点【高考必考点:形容词和副词的词性变化,形容词的比较等级(100%)】形容词概述:形容词是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。形容词主要用来修饰名词。在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语和状语等。形容词还有比较级和最高级形式。如:I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an)simpletrick.我感到惊奇的是你本该被如此简单的伎俩所愚弄的。Wait till you are morecertain. Its better to be sure than sorry.等到你更有把握。有把握总
2、比后悔好。Dont be toocuriousabout things youre not supposed to know.对于你不应该知道的事不要太好奇。While sleeping, please try to keep the doorsclosedand the windowsopen.His most recent book isntmore interestingthan his previous ones.他最近是书不如以前的书有趣。Canada is the worldsbiggestproducer of the kind of paper which is used fo
3、r newspapers.加拿大是世界上最大的新闻纸生产国。形容词的作用形容词主要用来修饰名词。在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语和状语等。如:Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a friendlydiscussion.他们高兴的声音表明他们正在进行一次友好的讨论。If you arecuriousabout Australia cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.如果你对澳大利亚的城市感到好奇,你可以读一读Dr. Johnson写的书。Some of
4、 the houses on the hillside areinconvenient to cars.山上的一些房子对于汽车来说很不方便。The office equipment will be repairedfree of chargeif it goes wrong.如果这些办公设备坏了,可以免费修理。注:a.只作定语的形容词I. chief(首要的) elder(年长的) other(其他的) live(活的) little(小的) very(正是) right(正是) southern(南方的) northern(北方的) eastern(东方的) western(西方的) woo
5、den(木的) golden(金的) woolen(羊毛的)等形容词通常只能作定语。如:What I wanted to discuss with you is thisvery question.我要跟你讨论的正好就是这个问题。In central andsouthernChina there is much rain, but innorthernChina there is little rain.在中国的中南部有很多降水,而在北方几乎没有降水。II.复合形容词通常只能作定语。如:She is asixteen-year-oldgirl.她是一个十六岁的女孩。This book is m
6、uch too difficult for afiveyear-oldchild to read.这本书给一个五岁的孩子读太难了。Canada is anEnglish-speakingcountry.加拿大是一个讲英语的国家。This new type of TV set is very thin, and it is no thicker than aonehundred-pagebook.这种型号的电视机很薄,只有一本百页的书那么厚。I have to write atwo-thousand-word composition every other week .我每隔一周就得写一篇两千字
7、的作文。b.一般只作表语的形容词:afraid(害怕,恐怕)alone(单独的,独自的) asleep(睡着的) awake(醒着的) alike(相象的)certain(确信的,有把握的) glad(高兴的) sorry(抱歉的)sure(确信的) ill(生病的)well(健康的)等。如:He is fastasleep.他正熟睡着。You must becertainof your facts collected in your investigation.你必须肯定你在调查中搜集的事实可靠。c.不能单独作表语的形容词:worth(值得的) worthy(值得的) fond(喜欢) we
8、ekly(每周的,每周一次的)monthly(每月的,每月一次的) yearly(每年的,没年一次的) same(同样的) wooden(木制的) golden(金色的)等。如:What isworthdoing is worth doing well.值得做的事就值得做好。His suggestion iswell worthconsidering.=His suggestion isworthyto be considered.=His suggestion isworthyof being considered.=His suggestion isworthyof considerati
9、on.他的建议值得考虑。So you arefondof ice-cream, are you?因此你喜欢冰激凌,是不是?形容词的位置形容词的主要用法之一就是充当名词修饰语。通常置于被修饰词之前,但也有部分形容词只能置于被修饰词之后,还有部分形容词置于被修饰词之前或之后均可。1.多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序:前位限定词(all / both /such / what)(即特定限定词)+中位限定词(冠词/指示代词/物主代词)+数词(先序数词后基数词)+形容词(描绘性+大小、长短、高低+形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、地区、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别)+名词+名词。如:On the side o
10、f the square standsa tall old grey stonebuilding.在广场的一边耸立着一座灰色高大而古老的石头建筑物。I went to town with my mother yesterday. We boughtsome lovely old German glasses.昨天我和我妈妈去了城里,我们买了一些由德国制造的漂亮的旧杯子。Mr.Smith boughta small black leatherpurse for his wife.史密斯先生给他的妻子买了一个小的黑色皮制钱包。He has soldall his last three fine l
11、ittle round old brown French wooden diningtables.他卖掉了他的所有最后三张由法国制造的精美的黑色圆形旧木制小餐桌。注:a.当一个名词前有两个或更多的形容词修饰时,如果这些形容词是在同一个层次上,一般用连词或逗号隔开。如:This is anold and famousresearch center for plants in London.这是伦敦一所古老而著名的植物研究中心。In another shop, the assistant advised her to buysome ordinary, but very pleasantwine.
12、在另一家商店,售货员建议她买些普通,但很怡人的葡萄酒。b.当修饰单数可数名词的形容词被程度副词as, so, too, how所修饰时,形容词通常放在不定冠词之前。如:She isso smart a girlthat many a teacher likes her.她是如此聪明的一个女孩,以致很多老师都喜欢她。He isas hard-working a studentas you.他像你一样是学习努力的学生。This istoo difficult a textfor him to read.这篇课文对他来说太难了,他读不懂。How pretty a houseit is!多漂亮的房子啊
13、!2.形容词作后置定语1).只能作后置定语的形容词(1). else修饰由some, every, any, no与-body, -one, -thing构成的不定代词,疑问代词和疑问副词时,必须后置。如:I dont think there isanything elsewe need discuss tonight.我认为我们今晚不必讨论其它事了。He hadnothing elseto do except return to his hometown.他没有别的事可做,只有回到他的家乡。Everybody elsebut me has gone to the party.除了我其他的人都
14、去参加那个晚会了。(2).通常以a-开头的一般只作表语的某些形容词通常后置。如:He is one of the greatest scientistsalive in China.他是中国在世的伟大的科学家之一。He is one of the most famous musiciansalivein the world.他是还活在世上的最著名的音乐家之一。The two brothersalikestudy in the same class.长得相象的那两兄弟在同一个班读书。(3).修饰复合不定代词的形容词通常后置。如:She likes to go anywherevery silen
15、t.她喜欢去任何非常安静的地方。Has anythingspecialhappened since I left.在我离开后有什么特别的事发生吗?(4).与表示度量的词组连用的形容词修饰名词时通常后置。如:The student bought a rulertwenty centimeters longyesterday.昨天那个学生买了一把20厘米长的尺子。This is a brick8 inches long,4 inches wide and 2 and a quarter inches thick.这是一块有八英寸长,四英寸宽,二又四分之一厚的砖。(5).由并列连词连接两个或多个同类
16、属的形容词修饰同一名词时,形容词通常后置。如:Many people,both young and old, are against this expensive way of life.老老少少许多人都反对这种高消费的生活方式。(6).形容词短语修饰名词时,形容词短语通常后置。如:I think he is a manfull of energy.我认为他是一个精力充沛的人。2).既可前置又可后置的形容词(1).意义相同的:enough(足够的)如:We dont haveenoughtime to finish all the work.=We dont have timeenoughto
17、 finish all the work.我们没有足够的时间,不可能完成所有的工作。(2).意义不同的:出席的(后置)本身的(后置)缺席的(后置)presentproper absent现在的(前置)合适的(前置)心不在焉的(前置)如:He was pleased at seeing so many peoplepresent at his birthday party.看见有如此多的人来参加他的生日晚会,他非常高兴。At thepresentmoment he is supposed to be in Paris.现在他应该到了巴黎。He is the only manabsentfrom
18、the meeting.他是唯一没有参加这个会议的人。I asked him a question but he looked at me in anabsent way and didnt answer.我问了他一个问题,但他心不在焉地看着我,没有作答。(3).一些以-able和ible结尾的形容词。如:a suitable actor=an actor suitable(一位合适的演员) visible stars=starsvisible(可见的星星)注:以-able和ible结尾的形容词,前置或后置意义略有差别:前置时表示永久特征,后置时表示暂时情况。如:Venus is a clea
19、rlyvisibleplanet.金星是一个可清晰看到的行星。Venus is the only planetvisiblenow.金星是现在唯一能看到的行星。形容词的比较级和最高级英语中大多数形容词都可用于比较。当它们表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的某些性质特征之间的程度上“相等”,“超过”与“低于”或“最”等时,要用比较等级。它们有三种形式:原级(the positive degree),比较级(the comparative degree)和最高级(the superlative degree)。1.形容词的比较级和最高级的构成形式分为规则和不规则两种。规则形容词的比较级和最高级的构成形式
20、是:在通常情况下,单音节和少数双音节词,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。如:small(小的) smaller(较小的)smallest(最小的)以e结尾的词,比较级加-r,最高级加-st。如:nice(好的)nicer(较好的) nicest(最好的)以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写词尾的辅音字母,再比较级加-er,最高级加-est。如:thin(瘦的)thinner(较瘦的) thinnest(最瘦的)以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再比较级加-er,最高级加-est。如:happy(高兴的) happier(比较高兴的) happiest(最高兴的)在通常情况下,双音节
21、词和多音节词,比较级在形容词前加more(更)或less(更不),最高级在形容词前加most(最)或least(最不)。如: foolish(愚蠢的) more foolish(较愚蠢的) most foolish(最愚蠢的) necessary(必要的) more necessary(更有必要的) most necessary(最有必要的)注:a.一些双音节形容词的比较等级既可采用-er和-est形式,也可采用加more和most的形式。如: cleverer cleverestclever(聪明的) more lever most clever simpler simplestsimple
22、(简单的) more simple most simpleb.以y, -ow, -le, -er, -ure等结尾的形容词多采用-er和-est形式。如:healthy(健康的)healthier healthiest able(有能力的) abler ablestnarrow(狭窄的)narrower narrowest mature(成熟的)maturer maturestc. fit, glad, ready, right, pleased, tired, wrong等形容词通常采用加more和most的形式。如:fit(适合的) more fit most fit d.复合形容词的比较
23、等级多采用加more或most的形式。如:good-looking(样子好看的) more good-looking most good-looking不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的构成形式:原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestmany, muchmoremostbad, illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest, furthestoldolder, elderoldest, eldest注:a. farther, farthest主要指距离的更远和最远;further既可指距离的更远,也可指程度上“更进
24、一步,更深入的”。如:Lets stop to have a rest. I cant walk anyfarther(further).让我们停下来休息一下吧,我在也走不动了。She has gone to the USA forfurtherstudy.她已去美国深造了。b. older, oldest主要指年龄的更大和最大;elder, eldest主要表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系。如:Myelderbrother is a famous artist.我哥哥是位著名的画家。Susan is hereldestsister.苏珊是她的大姐。2.形容词的比较等级的用法1).原级比较(1).原
25、级常用于“原级”结构,即:asas。如:Do you think art isasinterestingas music?你认为艺术象音乐一样有趣吗?After the new technique was introduced, the factory producedtwice as many tractors in 2001asthe year before.在引进新技术后,这家工厂在2001年比上一年多生产了一倍的拖拉机。She doesnt speakas well asher friends,but her written work is excellent.虽然她不像她的朋友们那样
26、英语讲得好,但她的写作非常优秀。(2).原级的否定用“not asas”或“not soas”,“not asas”可用于各种原级比较,而“not soas”只能用于系表结构中。如:English isnot asdifficult a languageas Chinese.英语不象汉语那样难学。He isnot so hard-working a student asyou.他不是像你一样努力学习的学生。(3).同级比较的形容词与单数可数名词连用的句型:as / so +形容词+ a / an +单数可数名词+as。如:He isas great a writer asBa Jin.他是一个
27、象巴金一样伟大的作家。She isso young and beautiful a girl asyou.她跟你一样年轻漂亮。(4).有些“asas”结构已成为固定结构,比如:as far as(那么远,远到;(表示程度)就) as well as(同,和,也,又) as soon as(一就)等。如:The children walkedas far asthe lake.孩子们一直走到湖边。As far asI know, he came from the USA.就我所知,他来直美国。Baker as well as his parents isleaving for New York
28、tomorrow.贝克和他的父母一起明天要去纽约。Carl canspeakChinese as well as French.卡尔既会讲法语也会讲汉语。The child islively as well as healthy.这孩子既健康又活泼。Come to my officeas soon asyou finish your homework.作业一完成,你就到我办公室来。She is anxious to leaveas soon as possible.她急于尽快离开。2).比较级(1).比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构中。如:She isbetterthan I(me) at
29、 swimming.她比我更善于游泳。(口语中一般用me)This year they have producedlessgrain than they did last year.今年他们的粮食产量没有去年高。The pianos in the other shop will becheaper, but not as good.另一家商店的钢琴要便宜些,但没有这家商店的钢琴好。Professor White has written some short stories, buthe isbetterknown for his plays.怀特教授的短篇小说与他的戏剧相比,他在戏剧方面更出名
30、。The director gave me abetteroffer than he gave Dick .导演给我提供的条件要比他给迪克提供的好。(2).比较级的否定结构直接在比较级前加not。如:You learn Englishnotbetter than I.你英语学得没有我好。She looksnotmore beautiful than her mother.她长得没有她的妈妈漂亮。注:a.“no+比较级+than”结构相当于“as+比较级的原级的反义词+as”结构的含义。如:Some bamboo growsno taller thanyour ankle.=Some bambo
31、o growsas short asyour ankle.有些竹子长得只有你的脚裸那么高。The weather isno better thanlast month.=The weather isas bad aslast month.现在的天气与上个月的天气一样糟糕。 b.比较对象在句意或上下文中时,比较级后可以不带than结构。如:I wish the weather weremuch bettertoday.我真希望今天的天气更好些。That pair of shoes is too expensive! Have you got anothercheaper pair?这双鞋太贵了!
32、你有便宜点的吗?(3).表示“两者之中较的一个”,比较级前要加定冠词the。如:Of the two shirts, Id like to choosethe less expensive one.两件衬衫中,想选择便宜的一件。If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John wasthe better choice.要是经理在这两个人之间选择的话,他会说约翰是更好的选择。The largerof the two islands is Britain, which lies to the east of Irelan
33、d.这两个岛中较大的一个是不列颠岛,它位于爱尔兰岛的东面。(4).为了避免重复,在than引导的比较状语从句中常用one, ones, that和those等代词代替前一句中相同的名词。one代替单数可数名词,ones代替复数可数名词,one和ones通常都有前置限定词,有时也可能是后置限定;that代替不可数名词或单数可数名词,that代替单数可数名词时,通常都有后置定语限定,those代替复数可数名词。如:This moon cake is nicer than the otherone.这种月饼比那种好吃。The number of the students in our class i
34、s larger thanthatof the students in theirs.我们班的学生人数比他们班的人数多。(5).比较级前可用many, much, still, even, rather, far, further, a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, by far, any等词语修饰表示比较的程度。如:.Youre standing too near the camera. Can you movea little farther?你站得离照相机太近,你可以站远一点吗?How did you find your visit to the
35、 museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It wasfar more interesting than I expected.-你觉得这个博物馆怎么样?-我非常喜欢,它比我预想的有趣得多。If there were no examinations, we should have amuch happiertime at school.如果没有考试,我们在学校里会过得比这更好。注: a.many只能用于中心词是可数名词复数的比较级前。如:He readmany morebooks than his parents.他比他的父母读的书更多。That factory pro
36、ducesmany morecars than any other factory in the city.那家工厂比城里任何其它工厂生产的小汽车都多。b. by far只能用于比较级之后或带定冠词the的比较级之前。如:The dictionary isbetter by farthan mine.这本词典比我的那本好多了。This isby far the betterof the two dictionaries.这本词典是两本词典中较好的一本。(6).形容词比较级前可用half, 50percent, two thirds等数词修饰。如:The factory has sold30 p
37、ercent morecars than planned.这家工厂比计划多销售30%的小汽车。My bicycle costone fourth lessthan his.我的自行车比他的便宜四分之一。(7).表示“越来越”用“比较级+and+比较级”结构或“more and more+原级”结构。其后不可接than从句。如:The weather becomescolder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。She is becomingmore and more activein sports.她越来越积极参加体育活动。(8).表示“越,就越”常用“the+比较级,the+比较级”
38、结构。前半部分是状语从句,后半部分是主句。如:Its believed thatthe harderyou work,the betterresult youll get.人们相信,你越是努力学习,你就越是会取得好成绩。The more carefulyou are,the fewer mistakesyou will make.你越仔细,你犯的错误就越少。(9).比较级表最高级的含义,常见的结构有:a.比较级+than any other +单数名词如:Canada islarger than any othercountry in America.加拿大是美洲最大的国家。I think E
39、nglish ismore popular than any other subject.我认为英语比其它任何一门学科都受欢迎。b.比较级+than any +单数名词如:Canada islarger than anycountry in Asia.加拿大比亚洲任何一个国家都大。The population of India islarger thanthatof any countryin Europe.印度的人口比欧洲的任何一个国家的人口都多。c.比较级+than any of the other +复数名词如:She isyounger than any of the other st
40、udents in her class.她是班上最小的学生。Dan is morecleverthanany of the otherstudents in his class.丹是班上最聪明的学生。d.比较级+than the others如:She isyounger than the othersin her class.她是班上最小的学生。The population of China islarger thanthat ofthe othersin the world.中国的人口是世界上最多的。e.比较级+than all the other +复数名词如:She isyounger
41、 than all the otherstudents in her class.她是班上最小的学生。He jumpshigher than all the otherstudents in the school.他是全校跳得最高的学生。f. 比较级+than anyone (anybody, anything) else如:She isyounger than anyone elsein her class.她是班上最小的学生。Betty worksharderat Englishthan anyone elsein her class.贝蒂是她班上英语学习最努力的学生。g. Nobody(
42、no one ,nothing) +比较级+than sb. /sth.如:Nobodyisyounger thanher in her class.她是班上最小的学生。Nothingismore important thanmy study now.现在对我来说学习是最重要的。h. No (Never) +比较级如:I havenever seen amoreinteresting film ever before.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。How beautifully she sings! I havenever hearda bettervoice.她唱得多好啊!我从来没有听到过这么好
43、的声音。 Are you satisfied with her answer?- Not at all . Itcouldnthave beenworse.-你对她的答复满意吗?-一点也不满意,没有比它再糟的了。(10).常用的比较级固定短语有:more than超过,多,不仅仅less than少于,不到no more不再(相当于notany more)no longer不再(相当于notany longer)no more than仅仅not more than不多于no less than不仅not less than不少于more or less或多或少sooner or later迟
44、早如:We advertised for pupils last autumn, and gotmore than60.去年夏天我们张贴了招生广告,招收了60多个学生。ChinaDaily ismore thana newspaper , it is helpful to us all.中国日报不仅仅是一份报纸,它对我们的帮助很大。-Will you give this message to Mr. White,please?-Sorry , I cant. Hedoesntwork hereany longer.-请你给怀特带个口信好吗?-对不起,我做不到,他不在这儿工作了。The baby
45、 watched and listened, and itdidnt cryany more.婴儿看着,听着,她不再哭了。In all there are probablyno more thanatotal of 400 tigers left in China.在中国,总计可能只剩下不超过400只老虎了。3).最高级最高级表示三者及三者以上的人或物中“最”,常用结构为“最高级+比较范围”。其中最高级前通常有定冠词、物主代词或名词所有格修饰。比较范围一般是短语或从句,有时比较范围被省略。如:Autumn isthe nicestseason of the year inBeijing.秋天是
46、北京一年中最美的季节。Greenland,thelargestisland in the world, covers over two million squarekilometers.格林兰岛是世界上最大的岛,面积达两百多万平方公里。(1).形容词最高级前可用表示程度的副词或数词修饰(表示第二大,第三长等意思)。如:He isby farthe cleverest among us.他在我们当中比谁都聪明得多。China isthe thirdlargest country in theworld.中国是世界上面积第三大的国家。(2).形容词最高级用作表语或补语时,有时可以不加冠词。如:It
47、 isbestto travel to Beijing in autumn.秋天到北京旅游最佳。Which do you thinkeasiestlistening,speaking, reading or writing?你认为哪方面最容易听、说、读、还是写?(3).形容词最高级前用不定冠词或不用冠词表示“非常”,相当于very。如:It isa highestbuilding.这是一幢非常高的大楼。Oh! The garden ismost beautiful!哦!这花园真是美极了!(4)常用的最高级的固定短语有:at (the ) most(至多,不超过) at (the )least(
48、至少)如:The book is to be out in a monthat most.这本书至多一个月就会出版。The repairs costat leasttwenty pounds.修理费用至少是二十英镑。3.倍数的表达法:1).倍数+形容词(副词)的比较级+than如:This hall isfour times larger thanourclassroom.这个大厅比我们教室大四倍。2).倍数+as/so +形容词(副词)+ as如:Asia isfour times as large asEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。3).倍数+ the size (length / height /depth / weight /width) + of 如: This streetistwice the length ofthat one.这条街是那条街的两倍。